Pereyaslav Rada

Emlandweni ezizweni zonke kukhona uhlobo isikhathi ezishintsha ukuphila kwayo, ebheka indlela yayo ikusasa khona iminyaka eminingi eminingi.

Ukuze Ukraine, akungabazeki, lokhu kwaba soshintsho Pereyaslav Rada, egcwele umcimbi omkhulu, isisindisile isizwe Ukrainian ekucindezelweni ezingokomoya, kwezomnotho kanye kazwelonke.

Emakhulwini eminyaka 16-17 amazwe Ukraine babe in the ifa Commonwealth. Bona sovereignly balawula gentry Polish, ngubani ngonya bexhashazwa kwabantu bomdabu, ebabizela izigqila.

nokugqilazwa imali eduze zithandelana engokomoya: kuleyo minyaka-Orthodox liye ayecashile kusukela izinhlelo Polish yamaKatolika kwaba yingxenye yalo lonke Ukraine.

Engafuni ukuba sikhuthazele lesi simo, Hetman Khmelnytsky e 1654 Pereyaslav Rada ukuthi ibizwe owawungumnyaka esigabeni sokugcina nombutho womzabalazo Ukraine.

Ngenkathi Russia tsarist ku uDon Yaik esase sikhona kakade indawo abangamazi serfdom futhi ijabulele ukuzimela ezithile. Kulezi zifunda, Cossacks uhulumeni Cossack selilo futhi abalimi Ukrainian, ebanikeza ilungelo labantu khulula.

Maduze, kwi insimu eduze sidalwe nabo Sloboda Ukraine - endaweni kwababaleki, lapho Cossack ebhukwini isenzo.

Ngaphambi nje kokuba umhlangano wahlangana Hetman Buturinym - inhloko ihhovisi lamanxusa aseRussia, bese nge Rada yila maphoyisa, okuyinto ngazwi linye wayemthanda sivumelwano.

Futhi phakathi kosuku umhlangano evulekile, okuyinto umlando njengoba Pereyaslav Rada ezaziwayo. Kwaba khona abangu-izakhamuzi zaleli dolobha, abalimi kusukela aseduze, emashalofini, wamisa phezu komhlabathi etholakalayo kakade kusukela Commonwealth.

Hetman wanikeza inkulumo lapho ephinde Sikhunjuzwa nemihlatshelo eminingi eyenziwe abantu bayo phakathi nempi wenkululeko. Wagcizelela ukuthi Ukraine kuphela indlela ukuhlanganisa lenzuzo yabo kuzobhekwa-Russia.

Khmelnitsky isiphakamiso kwamhlangabeza ngokuvunyelwa, abaphathi, Cossacks futhi zakhamuzi zazenza ingcosana bafungiswa kuya Russian Tsar. Pereyaslav Rada e 1654, cishe waphinde wahlangana Ukrainian nabantu isiRashiya, kwakubaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni ikusasa wawo womabili la mazwe, lapho ndawonye libonise umphako kuhlasela.

Yini lisuselwa ohlangothini kwalesi sibopho ngamunye?

Pereyaslav Treaty inikeza Ukrainian abalimi inkululeko futhi bakhululwa ekucindezelweni kazwelonke zenkolo e-Commonwealth, abadala Ukraine futhi izikhulu ngiphuphe usebenzisa sobukhosi Russian ukuqinisa amalungelo ayo, ekubeni lesigaba esibusayo e-Ukraine. Futhi yilokho bathole kuphela ngemva ukwamukelwa yokuzimela zezombusazwe phakathi Russia.

Uhulumeni tsarist neyaziwayo ukhetho hetman Ukrainian, kodwa balandela isitatimende sakhe. Zonke izifundazwe, ngaphandle Turkey kanye Commonwealth zazingaba nobuhlobo zokubonisana Ukraine.

Pereyaslav Rada wagcina onke ama-apharathasi zokuphatha nakwezempi, kwakhiwa phakathi nempi anti-Polish, futhi ukhetho zakhe. Uhlelo zokwahlulela obekumele ukusebenza phezu amasiko endawo.

Kulokhu, uhulumeni tsarist kwaba ukulawula ukuqoqwa izintela, ingxenye yalo esefiké yakhe yengcebo.

Yenzani lokhu kube yisinqumo nomthelela eziningi inkolo ezivamile hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi ukuba khona izixhumanisi zezombusazwe, amasiko nezomnotho, ukusondela wakudala lezizwe nezilimi.

Nokho Pereyaslavskoe sivumelwano kuphela Imibandela kakhulu, ichaza ubuhlobo phakathi Russia nase-Ukraine. Abaningi bezimiso zawo zihunyushelwa amaqembu ngendlela yabo, akusiyo efanayo, udala esizayo yemibango yangaphakathi nokungezwani nezinye Russian autocracy tsarist.

Ukwamukelwa yalesi sivumelwano zaholela empini eyalandela phakathi Russia nasePoland, eyathatha iminyaka emithathu.