Ubani amaRoma ayembiza namaqaba? Kungani amaRoma ayembiza namaqaba zamaJalimane?

Labo amaRoma ayembiza namaqaba, eyaziwa emlandweni njengoba esinye sezizathu for the ekuweni kwalo mbuso enkulu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, leli gama usezuze ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso, futhi ufikile kusho umuntu engenalwazi ihlupha futhi iluhlaza.

Umsuka wegama elithi

I etymology kwegama elithi "ngowezizwe" elisuka ngesiGreki. translation nezwi - "isihambi." Ngakho amaGreki ngokuthi izakhamuzi kwamanye amazwe, eyayisetshenziswa kakhulu kancane athuthukile. Kukholakala ukuthi leli gama kwavela njengoba onomatopoeic. Lezihambi wakhuluma ulimi angalwazi. AmaGreki yabo umsindo benziwe gibberish engacabangeki ukuphindaphindwa umsindo ofanayo - "Var".

kamuva leli gama livele ngesiLatini. Yingakho amaRoma ayembiza namaqaba zamaJalimane. Lokhu akusona isimanga, ngoba abakhileyo umbuso wathatha izintambo izici eziningi amasiko abantu benqoba. YamaGreki asendulo - isibonelo esihlaba umxhwele kakhulu lokhu "ifa". Kusukela kubo amaRoma ithole izinganekwane kancane ngendlela esontekile, amasiko nemikhuba komuzi, kanye amanye amagama amasha ngolimi. Indlela abangabazi kuleli zwe, futhi kamuva ngaphansi koMbuso kwaba ngendelelo.

Ubani amaRoma ayembiza namaqaba? Zathi amaCelt, amaJalimane, Thracians, lwamaSlav, amaSkithe Sarmatians, nokunye. D. Iningi kulezi zizwe ezazihlala enyakatho umbuso.

amaJalimane

Babé inkinga enkulu ngoba impucuko wamaRoma. Esikhathini AD I ekhulwini. e. Lezi izizwe esezinzile nsimu enkulu phakathi Rhine - entshonalanga, kanye Vistula - empumalanga. AmaJalimane ungakaze ube isizwe esisodwa - kwaba ibhola elikhulu Izinyunyana ezahlukene. Kodwa ngokuvamile, ngisho nendlela yabo yokuphila, ulimi imikhuba ayefana.

AmaJalimane babe empini futhi ezinzima zasehlathini. Labo amaRoma ayembiza namaqaba, futhi ihlelwe amamashi njalo nokuhlaselwa umbuso. umngcele walo enyakatho kwaba umfula iDanube. On usebe lwawo wakha izinqaba ezinezivikelo eziqinile, lapho amabutho ezine. Ngu inertia Roma lokuqala wazama anqobe-Jalimane, unamathisele ukuba umbuso womhlaba.

Le mizamo kuthiwa wayeka emva kwempi ye Teutoburg Ihlathi. Le mpi kwenzeka ngonyaka 9. AmaJalimane wanqoba amabutho amathathu, futhi ngaleso sikhathi amaRoma Kuzonyuka ngalé kwemingcele yalo ababhubhayo. Kusukela manje kuqhubeke emngceleni phakathi kwezizwe sekuyinto ngaphezulu nempucuko phesheya.

Impilo ezizweni zamaJalimane

indlela izizwe sidilizwa oobschestvenny eziningi, lezo amaRoma ngokuthi namaqaba, wayeyisibonelo zakudala omphakathi zamaKhosi. AmaJalimane ngezikhathi asempini nomunye imithombo. Zaguquka nobuhlobo babo amaRoma okwenzeka ngemva kokuba ama-emperor waqala ukuqasha bakhona impi yabo. Kwesinye isikhathi lokhu kwenziwa izinduna eyisihlubuki, ephethwe isamba elanele igolide. AmaJalimane baziswa kunoma iyiphi impi. Babengamaqhawe nokhahlo, ume isibindi, ngokomzimba namandla kunalabo izifundazwe zaseningizimu umbuso.

Ezinye amasosha babefuna ukuphila phakathi amaRoma, ethola iholo. Bathatha isiko yomunye. Isibonelo sabo baba esithathelwanayo. AmaJalimane, ezaziphila phakathi Rhine kanye Vistula, futhi efana negolide nezinye izinto wamaRoma. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lo inflow of namaqaba embusweni anda kuphela, okwenza nemibango engokohlanga osekuthathe futhi kwaholela ezimpini.

Ukufuduka Okukhulu

Ukushuba kwesimo phakathi namaJalimane Roma kuyinkimbinkimbi nakakhulu lapho kufika ukuphela kwalesi IV ngekhulu le Ukufuduka Okukhulu. Kusukela empumalanga, waba i-abangophakimpi Huns. Lezi abayimizulane yaxoshwa lebetitabelo lwamaSlav. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ayehlasela Huns jitters amaJalimane.

I Goths babe sezizwe zakwa ngobukhulu kuleli qembu. Ngonyaka 376 bawela iDanube, futhi ngemva isinqumo kaKesari Valens wazama kuxazululwe on insimu WaseRoma. Nokho, ikhaya elisha le-namaqaba ziphathwe zonke inzondo akhona nomphela. Lokhu kwaholela ekuvukeleni. Yaqala kanjalo impi Gothic. Labo amaRoma ayembiza namaqaba wanqoba ibutho yoMbusi. Lokhu kuye kwabangela crisis eside esimweni.

Ngemva kwempi Gothic abakulowo mbuso zathuthelekela nezinye izizwe ngowezizwe. Bakhandwa noma yaphangwa noma zidinga intela njalo. Labo nabizelwa namaqaba yanqotshwa amaRoma, ezimpini namadolobha evutha. Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke ngonyaka 410 kwaba ukuwa waseRoma. I inhloko-dolobha yombuso lathunjwa isizwe yamaVisigoth eholwa umholi Alaric.

Fall okubi okwakugcwele eMbusweni WaseRoma

Ngemva kwalokhu kwasani igalelo State izifundazwe asele ukuzivikela namaqaba. EGaul (France yesimanje) wafika Suevi futhi izigangi. Izizwe sebuningini enyakaza ndawonye. Ekugcineni, omunye eGaul amaJalimane sigxilile - Franks futhi Burgundians. Yibona okhokho isizwe yesimanje French. Izigangi esungulwe umbuso yabo eNyakatho Afrika. Italy ethumba amaLombard. Ngo 476 amasosha aseJalimane wagumbuqela zokugcina Roman UMbusi u-Augustus, kukaRomulus. Umuzi waqala ukubusa bakhona. Kwaba ukuphela wonke uMbuso WaseRoma.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo empumalanga yangaphambili state WaseByzantium igcinwe. Inhloko-dolobha yaso kwaba waseConstantinople (Istanbul yesimanje). Emperors we State babezibheka abazolandela we ababusi baseRoma. BaseByzantium ngisho wazama ukubuyela e-Italy, siqala kwanhlanga zimuka nomoya. Bakhuluma ngesiGreki. Emperors ukuthenga off bakhona ngosizo igolide. Ezinye zazo baphuthunyiswe ibutho. Ukusebenzisa lezi zindlela, uMbuso WaseByzantium wakwazi ukusinda Ukufuduka Okukhulu nezinye liphambana bakhona. Isimo wadonsa kwaze kwaba ngu-1453, lapho waseConstantinople lathunjwa abaseTurkey.

lwamaSlav

Abezinye Izizwe kwakungafanele amaJalimane kuphela. Yini amaRoma ayembiza namaqaba abantu, ngaphezu omakhelwane bayo osenyakatho? Ngaphezu amaJalimane, futhi base lwamaSlav, owayehlala empumalanga ye-kubo. Ngezikhathi zamaRoma yabe seyaziwa ngemva Ukufuduka Okukhulu. Ngaphansi kokucindezela Huns lwamaSlav emazweni asentshonalanga akubo yasekuqaleni.

Bathatha endaweni enkulu eMfuleni Oder sifinyelela engenhla iVolga. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngenxa yezizathu eziphathelene namalimi lwamaSlav ayehlukaniswe amaqembu amathathu ezinkulu (entshonalanga, naseningizimu nasempumalanga). Lawa kwakungamadodana salabo amaRoma ayembiza namaqaba. Izizwe, angafundile, zazisekhona namaqaba. Babefanele onkulunkulu zazo ezihlukile wonkulunkulu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lwamaSlav bamukela ubuKristu, kodwa ngemva kokuwa koMbuso waseRoma. indima ebalulekile kule nqubo kukhala ngu waseByzantium.

amasiko amadala Slavic

umphakathi Old Slavic yayakhiwe amasiko yokhokho. Iningi izinqumo ezithathwe ngumuntu Chamber. Akuzange umhlangano womphakathi lapho wonke umuntu kwadingeka ilungelo lokuvota. Njengo-Jalimane, lwamaSlav zahlukaniswa inqwaba imifelandawonye zamaKhosi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngesikhathi ethnogenesis eside futhi eziyinkimbinkimbi akha izizwe zanamuhla.

Zonke lwamaSlav, ngaphandle nabasePoland, amaCzech namaRomany eCroatia bamukela ubuKristu eConstantinople isampula. Abanye baye bahlanganyela iSonto LamaKatolika eRoma. Kanye ubuKristu phakathi lwamaSlav kwadingeka zamagama wakhe siqu. Futhi esikhathini esidlule saya ubudlelwane zamaKhosi. Ngo ekuqaleni kweNkathi Ephakathi lwamaSlav kwakhiwa siqu esimweni sazo kazwelonke. Abanye ababusi yagcina isihloko inkosi yakwa imodeli Western.