Ukuze aseKorinte

Ukuthuthukiswa izitayela ezintathu zakudala of kwezakhiwo zaseGrisi - Doric, ionic, futhi aseKorinte - lost in the enkathini yobumnyama. Yalezi zindlela ezintathu ezithile ukwakhiwa aseKorinte isitayela zokuhlobisa kakhulu futhi ujwayelene kunazo zonke ezikhathini zanamuhla. Yena ithuthukiswe okusekelwe Dorian futhi ionic yezakhiwo Ukwakheka izinhlobo (oda) okuyinto kunqunywa inhlanganisela olinganise ekwakhiweni izingxenye ezithile kukholamu kanye yokuqedela yayo. It lethiwa yasendulo Polis ngesiGreki eseKorinte, kodwa cishe yasungulwa ngo-Athens ngekhulu lesihlanu BC. Isibonelo sasendulo esaziwa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa isitayela liyalondolozwa kuze kube namuhla, zingatholakala ku ithempeli elalinikezelwe kuKhesari Apollo izazi, etholakala engxenyeni esenyakatho ye-mpumalanga yesifundazwe uMesiya (eGreece yasendulo, ingxenye Arcadia), e-Bass.

Kodwa kuyinto ukwazi ukuthi i-oda aseKorinte akuyona ingxenye yesonto, njengoba ayephethe emphemeni Doric emhlabeni futhi ionic oda e Celle. Zella - kuba isikhala ebiyelwe ngaphakathi kwezindonga zethempeli, okuyinto kwaku isithombe unkulunkulu. Le ndawo engcwele (Hiero), lapho ahlala khona unkulunkulu. Futhi ikholomu aseKorinte esisodwa kuphela ngaphakathi cella. Isici okuyimfihlakalo okuyinto imbangela yempikiswano phakathi abavubukuli nezazi-mlando. Ezinye izazi siwumsebenzi - isibonelo iminikelo noNkulunkulu. Isibonelo esifanayo singabonakala ethempelini lwesiGreki sakuqala, eyakhiwa ngekhulu esilandelayo. Isibonelo owaziwa, lapho i-oda aseKorinte yayisetshenziswa njengesikhungo ingxenye yethempeli, uhlobo lesikhumbuzo horegicheskogo, emphemeni (amakholomu eziyisithupha), lesikhumbuzo of Lysicrates e-Athens, elakhiwa ngo-334 BC.

Ngokusho yetinsita enhle ngemvelaphi kukholamu, ilandiswa Vitruvius, ziyinkosi yamaGreki asendulo zethusi ekubunjweni Callimachus uhamba kanye eduze eKorinte futhi wehlela phezu kwendunduma yenhlabathi, okuyinto ephumule enye intombazane. Kwakuyisikhathi kubhasikidi Ababazi bakha willow ngezipho ngesimo amathoyizi, ipuleti top-camera. amahlamvu elikhulu acanthus - izitshalo emhlabeni ethuneni, ngokusebenzisa imigoqo baye lihluma futhi kwakheka into efana nezimbali. Kallimaha umxhwele kakhulu lokhu motif. Yena, lapho ebuya ekhaya, yena sketched bese owawusekelwe capitals zethusi - ngesimo esiyindilinga kwesitsha, sizungezwe amahlamvu acanthus. Indlela ozwakalayo le ndaba ayaziwa, kodwa iqiniso liwukuthi ukuthi amasampula lokuqala ngempela zazenziwe ngethusi, kodwa kamuva aseKorinte oda yayiyingxenye itshe.

Wabonwa kuphela njengoba ifomu zokuhlobisa ionic EGrisi lasendulo. Kumele ukuthi amaGreki akuvamile awusebenzisa ukwakhiwa kwamasonto ngemva kwekhulu lesihlanu leminyaka BC. Ukwandisa ukuthuthukiswa ithole ekubusweni amaRoma, nawo aye asungula ezahlukeneyo eziningana. Ngandlela-thile ngokumangalisayo, amaRoma, ababebizwa ngokuthi abantu abaningi esisebenzayo, ikakhulukazi ngokuhlobene amaGreki asendulo, ukhethe zikanokusho iningi oda ngesiGreki. Kunoma ikuphi, ne Doric futhi ionic yena kubhekwa omunye wemiyalo ezintathu we-classic.

Ukuphinda izici eziningi amakholomu ionic oda aseKorinte ikhulumelani umehluko. Ngo umgqomo ikholomu (efana umgqomo ionic isitayela) umtshingo esikukhompiyutha (flat, ezijulile), ngaphansi ezincane ngokuvamile ophela in a amacembe lwalugobile. Amabili amakholomu ezahlukene base iphrofayela (eKorinte ke uyakhula begodu kuba ohlabayo), kodwa ikakhulukazi ezincane. Capital efomini ukuze ubonise Calyx, okuyinto lizungezwe izimbali ahlelwe imigqa. Ezansi inkomishi ihlanganisa ibhande ewumngcingo, futhi phezulu ke ekuphumeni sifanamsindvo, plate abutting simise quadrangular, phakathi ehlotshisiwe imbali. Ngesikhathi ipuleti amanga entablement, okuyinto frieze camera emaceleni (palmettes nezinye izibalo), futhi ukuphinda phezu cornice kubakaki eziphukile ohlangothini engezansi.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthola nabangaphambi ezikude njengoba eyinkimbinkimbi zokuhlobisa, isibonelo, izakhiwo Persian lasendulo. Nakuba Yiqiniso, acanthus okungokwemvelo ishiya - esicacile sokuthi lokhu isakhiwo baseKorinte ukwelashwa enemininingwane amakholomu waba nendima enkulu emahholo ivulekile, okuyinto kakhulu othanda namaPheresiya. Iziqu camera amakholomu esihle evulekile, lishone lezisekelo zawo ezihlotshiswe kahle ngesimo i isitsha amankeyane, futhi aphela e imishayo thwi setha volutes noma wemba isigamu-izinkunzi (Unicorns).