Kungani France - wesihlanu Republic: umlando igama

Indaba awumusha, lapho izwe ufana nomuntu, ngaphandle igama, isihloko olusemthethweni, has a ehlukene, kuchumana ngalokungakahleleki. Malibongwe igama likaJehova Canada - "Izwe iqabunga maple" - zingachazwa ngezinqubo izici of the ukwakheka emahlathini lezihlahla laseNyakatho zwekazi American, kodwa ezinye izibonelo esingabonakali kalula. Ngokwesibonelo, kungani France - wesihlanu Republic, noma, engiyishoyo, China, abakhileyo bakhona abazibiza China? Roots - emlandweni.

Izibonelo lesendzabeni

Nazi isibonelo abaseduze. Ekuqaleni nenkulungwane yokuqala ngemva Kristu eRoma lasendulo baba yisiphephelo nesiphephelo samaKristu okuqala. Khona-ke beguduza izixuku namaqaba, ngalahlekelwa ukuthi isimo, futhi inhloko-dolobha olungekho emthethweni zomhlaba umKristu owaba iConstantinople. Futhi ekhulwini xv, lo "muzi amadolobha" noma eRoma Okwesibili, wawa futhi aba yingxenye yoMbuso WaseTurkey nokusekela has a ucwezana esikhundleni esiphambanweni.

Futhi ngalesi sikhathi siba uyise kaJohane IV, ngokuthi inzalo ka "lo esibi", Vasily III, ayedingeka isici eyengeziwe ekuhlanganiseni zwe kanye nabantu bakhona - Russia ngemva kokuwa ijoka Mongol-Tatar sashintshwa kusukela ethize izinduna isimo autocratic ezweni onamandla. Sibambe lesi simo (ke kwasayinelwa Union, ekuhlanganiseni Eastern namasonto Western Christian), Vasily III yehlisele phezu isihloko inhloko-dolobha Okwesithathu eRoma.

Sizama ukuphendula umbuzo kungani France ibizwa ngokuthi Omkhulu Wesihlanu Republic. Umlando waleli zwe buhlobene eduze igama elithi "republic", futhi izenzakalo eFrance abaye buvezwa inkambo izenzakalo ezwekazini laseYurophu.

Empeleni, impendulo yombuzo othi kungani France ibizwa ngokuthi Omkhulu Wesihlanu Republic ulula - lizwe kwadingeka ezinhlanu soMthethosisekelo. Futhi ngakho kwenzeka ukuthi isibalo idokhumenti eyinhloko edition izwe wenza "ubale" futhi republic.

Okokuqala French Republic

Ukuqala umlando Republican waseFrance kungaba ngokuqinisekile kubhekwe French Revolution, imakwe ukuthunjwa wagan 'unwabu abahlali kuwumgogodla yezwe futhi uphawu emandleni obukhosi, le Bastille abadumile 1789. Lapho ebuzwa ukuthi kungani France - wesihlanu Republic namuhla, oko isimo ayenawo impi yombango, izazi-mlando eziningi banesibopho cishe Marx.

Ukuze igoqe alethwe igebe inhlekelele emazingeni ekuphila kanye amalungelo ezakhamuzi emibuthano isinqumo nabantu abavamile. Esinye isici kwakuwukuba khona ekuthuthukisweni wezwe zabantu abasesigabeni esiphakathi zaziba, eyayintula okuthile ukulahlekelwa, futhi owayezimisele ukumelela amalungelo abo kanye nenkululeko.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba sazi, kwalandelwa nokuboshwa ukubuya eyihlazo Paris, wazama ukubaleka aphume kulowo King Louis XVI, ukukhishwa wonke umkhaya wasebukhosini futhi esimemezelweni Republic - ngowokuqala French Republic.

Kusukela Robespierre ekubuyiselweni post-kaNapoleon

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi Republic Okokuqala eyathatha isikhathi eside - kuze 1804, ngenkathi France akazange abe umbuso eholwa Napoleon.

Imicimbi ke kuthululiwe njengomlilo uphondo amaningi :

• ekuthatheni izintambo ngo Bonaparte;
• kumiswa uMbuso Wase-French ;
• kokunqotshwa okubizwa ngokuthi kwezikhathi eziyiminyaka nempi enkulu phezu expanses Russia;
• uchungechunge nokubuyiselwa ezilandelanayo emandleni obukhosi futhi lihlale linemibhikisho entsha.

Kungani France, wesihlanu Republic, njengoba manje ibizwa ngokuthi, emlandweni walo wazibonela linemibhikisho eziningi kangaka futhi ubuyele sokubusa kwamakhosi? Mhlawumbe ngoba kwaba, ngokwengxenye enkulu, lizwe lokuqala emhlabeni ukwenza ukushintshela kusukela amandla aphelele andodanye kumafomu okuqhubekayo yahulumende.

Futhi kusukela 1848 kuya 1852 kwakukhona Republic Okwesibili ngenguqulo ayo somthethosisekelo ukuphela wabeka elinye sokubuyiselwa. Phezu kwesihlalo sobukhosi wahlala luka-Bourbons neFrance waphinda waba umbuso.

Ukusungulwa Ngokuwa Okwesithathu Republic okufanele asolwe Germany

Umlando Okwesithathu Republic Uthatha kokugumbuqelwa zokugcina nkosi French ngo-1870 ngaphambi umsebenzi eFrance ngo-1940 ngu amabutho kaHitler. INGEMUVA ukushintsha uhlelo ngokomthethosisekelo babe ejwayelekile - amandla wodwa wahlukanisiwe isimo sangempela kuleli zwe.

Izinsuku wokubusa umbusi wokugcina waseFrance ababalwayo ngemuva kokuphela okuhlazisayo kweMpi Franco-German of 1870, lapho Napoleon III wayekwazile sokunikela izinduna Prussian, kanye nebutho lakhe lonke. Lapho nje izindaba wafika Paris, cishe ngokushesha lithathe kwanqunywa ukuba uqede ohlanga nokumiswa Third Republic.

Ngakho, nge kwamakhosi eFrance kwaba phezu, kodwa ke konke okufanayo kungani France - 5th Republic, hhayi wesithathu?

Iposi zezwe ukuze

Ekupheleni kwempi yezwe yesibili ngo-1946, izwe, njengabanye abaningi, amatasa ukwakhiwa yangaphakathi. Kusobala ukuthi izwe isishintshe kakhulu. Canons ukuthi abantu babephila ngaphambi, awahlangabezananga izinselele kanye nezidingo yesimanjemanje.

Ngo-1946, iFrance labetibambile inhlolovo, okwaphumela isimo isibe ePhalamende. Yingakho France wesihlanu Republic namanje akwaziwa ukuthi esimweni lapho undunankulu has a isisindo ifaniswe ukubaluleka umongameli.

"Eshukunyiswa" nentando yenengi

French Okwesine Republic eyathatha ngempumelelo kuze 1958, lapho kwakukhona umcimbi wabonisa ukuthi amandla ovulekile ngokweqile kuhle okwamanje.

Kwenzekeni? Kufanele ukuthi IFrance yeningi ngaphakathi, nokho wahlala elaliphethe ikoloni esingangaleso 1980. Ngo-1958, okuwunyaka kwelinye amakoloni yayo - Algeria - kwaqubuka ukuvukela. Lo mcimbi uwonke, okwejwayelekile, kodwa sasibucayi neryadovoe - amasosha athunyelwe ukunqoba kwako, bala ukulalela uhulumeni futhi, kunalokho, musa ukuzama ukuphoqelela izimiso kanye nezidingo amandla.

Umsunguli ngamalengiso uMthethosisekelo omusha wayeyindoda ephethwe ezoqeda obumbi isondela kuleli zwe futhi kubuyiselwe ukuthula kuleli zwe - intandokazi ngabaningi giant zezombusazwe French Sharl De Goll. Yingakho France - wesihlanu Republic. Izici yomthethosisekelo omusha - nokuqinisa umsebenzi umongameli nge kulondolozwa amazwi juqu kwePhalamende igunya namalungelo kanye nenkululeko yeningi.