Uyini ngesilwane esifuywayo lezimpahla yomsebenzi wezomnotho angaphandle?

Ngamunye iyunithi umkhiqizo, enziwe ngesikhathi amasiko okuthunyelwe, kudlule inqubo ekhethekile ukuhlonza. Ngenxa yalokho, uthola ikhodi ngesilwane esifuywayo lezimpahla yomsebenzi wezomnotho angaphandle. Le nqubo wenziwa khona ngaphansi umtsetfo lokhona Russian ivumela uchungechunge ukuthengiselana kwezomnotho. Lezi zihlanganisa, ngokukhethekile, zihlanganisa izinkokhelo, izindleko yencazelo, ukuhlela nokubika. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezimpahla ngesilwane esifuywayo eyodwa umsebenzi wangaphandle kwezomnotho (CN Fea) kusivumela ukufunda isakhiwo esikhuluma ngokuhwebelana komhlaba wonke.

Izici TN yesimanje Russian Ved

Ngesisekelo asetshenziswe Russian Federation amasiko iziphathimandla HS, wayekhonza njengephayona simiso sezwe ngezigaba kanye incazelo eningiliziwe amayunithi ukukhiqizwa. Modern lezimpahla ngesilwane esifuywayo womsebenzi angaphandle kwezomnotho we Russian Federation kuhlukaniswe 21 namaqembu 97. Ayavumelana isimiso ubunjalo izimfanelo amayunithi umkhiqizo. Lezi zindlela ezisetshenziselwa ukwakha kohlelo ngezigaba yilezi:

- esikhiqiza ezibonakalayo;

- imisebenzi obusebenzayo eziyisisekelo;

- bewumsebenzi.

Iyunithi ezivamile yokukala iyona mass lezimpahla, obonakaliswe amakhilogramu.

Uma babela esihambelanayo umkhiqizo ikhodi TN Ved kukhona izingxenye ezintathu:

- ngesilwane esifuywayo;

- Amanothi Qembu izigaba;

- imithetho sokunquma eziyisisekelo umkhiqizo imisebenzi.

Misclassification ngokucacisa idatha okungalungile esimemezelweni kufanele kufake hlangana isibopho sezomthetho ngaphansi umtsetfo lokhona Russian.

Imisebenzi HS kanye HS

I ngesilwane esifuywayo ayewumnotho kwezomnotho angaphandle imoto umsebenzi nobunye yonke imikhiqizo amazwe nge ubumbano lukazwelonke. Ngenxa yalokho, lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuhambisana emhlabeni lezimpahla izinhlelo. Lokhu, kuthinta nekusebenta ukuhwebelana phakathi kwamazwe. Iningi lamazwe namasiko izinyunyana, isebenzisa emsebenzini wakhe jikelele Harmonised System (HS). He sungula futhi waqalisa inqubo jikelele kanye nemithetho bokunikeza izimpahla ngesilwane esifuywayo izinombolo. isimo GS omiswe ilungiselelo olukhethekile emhlanganweni wezizwe. Itjhuguluko ngesilwane esifuywayo ezivamile lula kakhulu yezohwebo phakathi izikhonzi eziphethe imakethe yomhlaba wonke.

Ukusetshenziswa HS e zavunyelwa

I ngesilwane esifuywayo lezimpahla yomsebenzi wezomnotho angaphandle, esetshenziswa emazweni amaningi, ehlelekileko begodu enemininingwane ngokucacile. On isisekelo yayo, zonke intela ye ukwakhiwa imikhiqizo emsebenzini. Ngokuqondene nalokhu uhlelo ngezigaba iyindlela eziyisisekelo futhi ephumelela kunazo ukuze kwakhiwe inqubomgomo isimo ezivamile ezingeni wemali namasiko isiqondiso. International Trade Sakhiwo isebenzisa izindlela ezithile kwethonya ezimakethe zomhlaba (kokubili jikelele futhi izikhonzi zawo). Lezi zihlanganisa:

- ukulawulwa amasiko yamanani noma izintela;

- ukwethulwa izivumelwano komkhawulo kanye nezivumelwano phakathi abahlanganyeli emakethe;

- izinyathelo ezihlose okwandisa ukungena noma emazweni angaphandle.

Customs-tariff futhi lengakhokhelwa isiqondiso izinyathelo ngesisekelo the HS

Trade Foreign we Russian Federation ilawulwa umthetho osebenzayo. Njengengxenye ukulawulwa abavunyelwe ukusebenzisa tariff nezindlela nontariff. Umsebenzi oyinhloko amasiko nezindlela tariff kuyisivikelo nokuthuthukiswa emakethe yangaphakathi. izindlela Non-tariff kuvetwa ngesimo isinqumo ngezindinganiso isimo, ngaphakathi kohlaka lapho kanye nokuthekelisa namazwe angaphandle kwezimpahla ecacisiwe nomenclatures. I ngesilwane esifuywayo lezimpahla yomsebenzi wezomnotho angaphandle isici wezimali ka ukulawulwa ukuhweba ivolumu namanye amazwe kusuka isimo. On osekelwe kuyo izibalo izindleko akhiwa uhlobo oluthile kwezimpahla. Nokho, amasiko kanye tariff ukulawulwa isimo akulona Injongo eyinhloko ye-HS. Ngokuyinhloko lezimpahla ngesilwane esifuywayo yomsebenzi wezomnotho angaphandle banciphise izindleko isikhathi amasiko imvume. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungasiza ekuthuthukiseni izinga lenkonzo, igcina izibalo namazinga omhlaba.

Ukuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke wemakethe zomhlaba kuye kwaphoqelela amalungu ayo ukufuna amathuluzi entsha ukulawula ukuhamba kwezimpahla. Kwakunesidingo ukugcina amarekhodi ukunyakaza kwezinto eziyingozi empilweni yomuntu, kuhlanganise nezinhlobo imi engcupheni yokuqothulwa kwezinto eziphilayo. Ngenxa yalokho, ngesisekelo izindlela zomthetho international baqala ukuvela uhlelo eningiliziwe ngezigaba zomhlaba, wagxila ngokuyinhloko ngenjongo wamasiko emizimbeni ezikhonzini emakethe phakathi kwemibuso. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ke uye walondoloza kungenzeka ukuthi iguqule uhlaka lwalo oluphelele esephepheni ukuze izidingo umhlanganyeli emakethe ngamunye, ngaphandle yokwephula izimiso ka ngesilwane esifuywayo ngamazwe.

imisebenzi HS

I ngesilwane esifuywayo lezimpahla yomsebenzi wezomnotho angaphandle siqukethe incazelo eningiliziwe amayunithi zokukhiqiza kanye ngezigaba zawo ngenani digital (izinhlamvu 10). Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze lula izinqubo ezilandelayo:

- amasiko kanye tariff isiqondiso;

- Izilawuli lengakhokhelwa;

- izifundo imininingwane;

- ukwakheka imininingwane digital kohlelo.

Ukusetshenziswa HS at ukubhalisa amasiko isimemezelo izimpahla, unga:

- elinobunye indlela yokwahlukanisa kwemikhiqizo;

- kahle ukubala inani imisebenzi namasiko;

- ukuqoqa iphakheji edingekayo bamphelezele imibhalo imikhiqizo;

- ukucubungula futhi ahlele ulwazi mayelana nomkhiqizo ocwaningweni kwezibalo.

izibalo amasiko

umsebenzi Russian Foreign kwezomnotho ulawulwa izibalo amasiko, isisekelo ngokwakhiwa okuyinto ngezigaba ngokuvumelana HS. Ukusebenzisa lesi simiso ngezigaba ikuvumela ukuba kufezeke izinhloso ezilandelayo:

- Sigcine imibhalo imikhiqizo abadlule ukulawula amasiko;

- ukwethula isiqondiso lengakhokhelwa ukungenisa noma ukuthekelisa izinqubo;

- ukuphendula ngokushesha yezinguquko ezimakethe zomhlaba.

Kukhona ngokukhethekile athuthukile futhi evunyiwe indlela lokuqoqa amasiko izibalo eRussia. Isetshenziselwa kumiswa umgomo futhi ifike ngesikhathi wamasiko izibalo, ukuqeqeshwa amaqoqo ezikhethekile nokuhlaziya. Ngokusho kwabo, yenza ucwaningo kanye nokuhlaziywa Russian ubudlelwane ukuhweba nge nasebenzisana nabo emakethe - kwamanye amazwe. Amasiko izibalo zihlanganisa imikhiqizo kuphela, awusebenzi silungise zokuhweba.