Saudi Arabia, Mecca nomlando wabo

Umuzi ongcwele Mecca - umuzi omkhulu amaSulumane emhlabeni. Abantu abathi abawona Islam, ngeke ungene kulo. EMecca, umlando ocebile futhi ezimibalabala. Lokhu yonyaka pilgrimage isikhungo.

Ukuthwebula Mecca amaSulumane

Islam kwavela eNhlonhlweni ye-Arabhiya esikhathini VII leminyaka. The Prophet Muhammad, owayenguyise induna yomphakathi omusha, united abasekeli bakhe ngaphansi kwesandla sakhe. Ekuqaleni kwaba umphakathi omncane, azungeze okwakukhona amaqaba ezahlukene kakhulu empumalanga. I abayimizulane esogwadule ngabakhonza izithombe (kulezi zindawo babengezi ubuKristu, okuyinto kwaba eByzantium naseNtshonalanga Yurophu izikhungo).

Izizwe ahlukana. Labo abasala amaqaba, amaSulumane wenza ukuthula sivumelwano yesikhashana. ENhlonhlweni ye-Arabhiya lahlukaniswa. Engalungile yayingenalo ilungelo lokuthola ukuvela endaweni amaSulumane. Nokho, isivumelwano buphuliwe ke uMprofethi Muhammad wahola amabutho akhe waya naseMecca. Lokhu kwenzeka ngonyaka ka-630. City zange ajamelane.

izinsalela idolobha

Lapha kwaba Kaaba owawungumnyaka shrine eyinhloko amaSulumane. Lesi sakhiwo ngesimo cube sidalwe ezikhathini yobuqaba. Kukholakala ukuthi yayakhiwe yizingelosi abantu ukuba bakhulekele uNkulunkulu.

Kwakhiwa indlu enkulu yesonto yakhiwa esisekelweni zemabula. engela yayo ngalinye oluhambisana omunye izinhlangothi yokukhanya. AmaSulumane, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bahlala kuphi, ngaso sonke isikhathi thandaza maqondana Mecca. Kaaba senziwa zemabula, ubuso bayo njalo curtained black kasilika.

ingxenye sompristi

Komuzi ongcwele ezihlukahlukene zithi, lamuva okuyinto Saudi Arabia. Mecca ayikaze inhlokodolobha olusemthethweni, lokho akusho kunganciphisa inani layo.

Ngemva benqotshwa amaSulumane ekhulwini VII, emhlabeni Peninsula Okwe selikhule sompristi omkhulu. Wahlanganisa Arabhu ngubani Islamized eNyakatho Afrika nase-Spain entshonalanga namaPheresiya ngasempumalanga.

Inhloko-dolobha ye nabanye abaholi kwaba okokuqala eDamaseku, bese - eBaghdad. Noma kunjalo Mecca wahlala elaliyisikhungo esibalulekile Islam. Lapha njalo ngonyaka wavakashela esikholwa ukuze enze Hajj. Omunye umuzi ongcwele WaseMedina baba amaSulumane, okuyinto engekude eMecca. Kwakulapho Muhammad wahlala.

Mecca selokhu kwathi nhlo inhliziyo ka-Arabhiya, ngakho-ke kuyaqabukela asebenzelana ngayo sezinxushunxushu nokwanda empini umngcele. Noma kunjalo, kwaba izisulu ukuhlaselwa. Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-X leminyaka ke laphangwa Carmathians - ihlelo lezidlamlilo. Bavele Bahrain futhi akazange aqaphele ke lwamakhosi of nabanye abaholi - the Fatimids. Ukuhlaselwa eMecca ngonyaka 930 kwaba ukumangala ephelele zabaningi. Abahlaseli weba Black Stone, okwakubekelwa aboshelwe Kaaba (lokhu ingenye izinsalela Muslims). Ngaphezu kwalokho, Carmathians ngidlale emdlalweni othile massacre yangempela. I mshini eyabuyiswa naseMecca engamashumi amabili kuphela kamuva (wabe esekhokhelwa ube yisihlengo omkhulu).

Ngo ngasekupheleni kweNkathi Ephakathi lapha, kanye kulo lonke Silk Road e-Europe, isifo zahlasela. Killed eMecca babe ingxenye encane nje kuphela abayizisulu-Black Death umqedazwe.

Ngaphansi kokubusa Turkish

Ngu XVI ekhulwini Arabhu baye balahlekelwa cishe yonke indawo yanqoba ngesikhathi sompristi. isikhundla aholayo phakathi amaSulumane iyiswe abaseTurkey, ngubani ngo 1453 ethumba waseConstantinople - inhloko-dolobha yoMbuso WaseByzantium. Yiqiniso, Sunnis ufuna ukulawula, futhi umuzi ongcwele amaSulumane.

Ngo-1517 Mecca ekugcineni owayezinikele abaseTurkey futhi aba yingxenye yoMbuso wase-Ottoman Empire, owawusuka aseBalkan emngceleni yasePheresiya. AmaPilgrim eMecca ukuba emakhulwini eminyaka adlule ziye ukhohliwe mayelana kuwukuphikisana futhi ukuxabana nomakhelwane. Nokho, Arab ukunyakaza kazwelonke waqala ukuba azizwa kanjani ngemva yoMbuso WaseTurkey egxilile ezingasho esibucayi. Ekhulwini XIX edolobheni iminyaka eminingi iye yabuswa emirs.

Arabhu siphinde sithole edolobheni

Igalelo lokugcina umthetho Turkish eMecca kwenziwa phakathi kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. I uMbuso WaseTurkey asekelwe eJalimane Kaiser sika. Entente wamshaya ukulimala kwakhe eziningi ezimbi, ngemva kwalokho izwe waphela. Indima ebalulekile kule nqubo iye eyadlalwa waseBrithani ongazazi izindlela Tomas Lourens. Wakwazi yini zikuqinisekisa umbusi Arabian Hussein Bin Ali ukuvukela uMbuso WaseTurkey. Lokhu kwenzeka ngo-1916. izihlubuki Arab iwine, kodwa wafa eMecca ngezinkulungwane. Ngakho kwaba khona isimo Hejaz, inhloko-dolobha owawungumnyaka emzini ongcwele.

Yonke nhlonhlo Arabian futhi phathelana kulawulwa Arabhu, abanale amashumi eminyaka wazama ukwakha lapha isimo esitebeleni. It yakhelwe lwamakhosi Saudi. Bakwazi ukuhlanganisa principalities zihlakazeke. Ngakho Saudi Arabia kwavela 1932. Mecca isibe omunye imizi yalo ngobukhulu. Inhlokodolobha washukumiseleka ukuba Riyadh. City Mecca futhi Medina yaphinde yaba elinokuthula. Lapha, njengoba ezinsukwini ubudala, izihambeli zaqala ukufika.

Hajj naseMecca

Saudi Arabia (Mecca lingumuzi lizwe) unyaka ngamunye uthola izivakashi ezivela kuwo wonke umhlaba. Njalo Muslim kufanele okungenani kanye ekuphileni ukuya naseMecca ku Hajj - pilgrimage ukuthi izindawo ezingcwele, kuhlanganise Kaaba. Ngemuva kwakho konke lokhu, Saudi Arabia ulandela eduze kakhulu. Mecca ngesikhathi Hajj ivikelwe ngokukhulu ukucophelela.

Ngeshwa, ngisho lokhu akwanele ukuze ugweme izinto ezizwisa ubuhlungu. Ngakho, muva nje 2015, Kwaba khona siphithiphithi ezabulala abantu abangu-2 million. Izinhlekelele ezinjalo zenzeka ngenxa ophithizelayo kakhulu. I Hajj wathumela izinkulungwane zezihambeli, futhi ngokuvamile nje abanalo izindawo ehlelekile. Stampede eMecca - umcimbi akuyona ezingavamile. Ezimweni ezifanayo ziye ezenzeka esikhathini esidlule. Lapho Owokugcina kubo kwaba ikakhulukazi eziningi izisulu enyakatho ye-Afrika, lapho amasiko kuyinto ezigcwele amaSulumane. Stampede eMecca e 2015 kwashaqisa umhlaba.