Impi enkulu ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe (ithangi, njll)

Kuze kube manje, izazi-mlando phikisana lapho efanayo ethangini impi ngobukhulu kweMpi Yezwe II. Akusiyo imfihlo ukuthi indaba emazweni amaningi ngaphansi engafanele ithonya lezombangazwe. Ngakho-ke akuyona into engavamile ezinye izenzakalo banconywa, kodwa ezinye bengahlonishwa noma zilitshalwe. Ngakho, ngokuvumelana nomlando wase-USSR kekulu tank impi kweMpi Yezwe II kwenzeka ngo Prokhorovka. Yayiyingxenye impi ewumnqamula-juqu, lapho kwenzeke eKursk. Kodwa ezinye izazi-mlando zikholelwa ukuthi le ngxabano ewumbukwane phakathi kwalezi zinhlangothi zombili ayelwa izimoto armored senzeka eminyakeni emibili ngaphambili phakathi imizi emithathu - Brody, Lutsk futhi Dubno. Kule ndawo safika ndawonye ezimbili isitha armada armored, ababebalelwa ingqikithi ayizinkulungwane 4.5. Izimoto.

usuku balwe yesibili

Lona tank impi ngobukhulu kweMpi Yezwe II iphutha ngoJuni 23 - kwezinsuku ezimbili ngemva ayehlasela German abahlaseli undlovukayiphikiswa emhlabathini Soviet. Yingaleso sikhathi lapho amabutho ngomshini we iRed Army, okuyinto kwakhiwa ingxenye Kiev Military District, bakwazi ukuletha balwe wokuqala enamandla ekulweni nesitha ngokushesha phambili. By endleleni, lo msebenzi waphikelela GK Zhukov.

Loluhlelo umyalo Soviet endaweni sokuqala ukuba usebenzise yigalelo elinzima ukuba ezinhlangothini we 1st Panzer iqembu amaJalimane, ukukhathazeka Kiev ukuze azungeze kuqala, bese kubuqede. Ngithemba anqobe isitha unikezwa yokuthi kule ndawo, le iRed Army waba inzuzo okuqinile emathangini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Kiev lempi wesifunda phambi iyimpi kwezinkulumo ezinamandla kakhulu, futhi ngenxa yalokho inikezwa main indima oyiculayo ukuziphindiselela uma kuhlasela iJalimane lamaNazi. Kulapha kwasekuqaleni futhi kwaba zonke nezempi, futhi izinto eziningi ezinkulu, kanye nezinga abaqeqeshwayo kwaba kweliphezulu.

Ngaphambi nje impi, ababebalelwa 3.695 amathangi, kuyilapho ohlangothini German ukuthi ethuthuka izimoto armored asibhozo anamanci kuphela kanye wezikhali self ezinezinjini. Kodwa umkhuba, plan ezibonakala ephelele kwahluleka ngokudabukisayo. Ukuqubuka, ngokuphamazela kanye ungakulungele kahle isinqumo kuholele ethangini impi ngobukhulu kweMpi Yezwe II, lapho iRed Army yanqotshwa zayo zokuqala futhi kuyindaba engathí sina kangaka.

ngxabano zempi

Lapho elaseSoviet ukwahlukana ngomshini, ekugcineni efika phambi, masinyane bangena ku senzo. Kufanele ukuthi imfundiso yokuziphendukela impi, kwaze kwaba maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka eledlule, izimpi ezinjalo azivunyelwe, njengoba izimoto armored babebhekwa njengabangakufanelekeli njengoba ithuluzi main ukuphula izivikelo wesitha.

"Tanks and amathangi awalwi" - onjalo kwakuyiNkosi ekwakhiweni kwalesi simiso, esivame kokubili kweSoviet futhi zonke ezinye izimpi zomhlaba. Fight nge izimoto armored lwenzelwe antitank wezikhali noma elihamba sigxilile. Ngakho-ke, intuthuko endaweni Brody - Lutsk - Dubno waphula ngokuphelele yonke imiqondo ezincwadini ezakhiwe lempi. Kulapha, ithangi impi yokuqala elikhulu neMpi Yezwe II, ngesikhathi lapho amayunithi amaSoviet nasemakamu German ngomshini wavumelana nomunye inhloko-ku kuhlasela.

Isizathu sokuqala ngoba ukunqotshwa

I iRed Army walahlekelwa impi, futhi kwaba ngenxa yezizathu ezimbili. Eyokuqala wabo - ngokungakhulumi. AmaJalimane ziyafinyeleleka kakhulu futhi ngenkuthalo belisebenzisa. Ngenhlonipho, bona iqondise imizamo yazo zonke izikhali. Ngokungafani abaphikisi, umyalo Soviet ukulawula izenzo ithangi zabo amayunithi kabi. Ngakho-ke, ukuba zihlanganyele empini kwadingeka ukuba enze engozini yabo, futhi ngaphandle ukwesekwa.

Ama-Marine okwakulindeleke ukuba ubasize ekulweni anti-tank wezikhali kanye elihamba amayunithi esikhundleni, baphoqwa ukuba zidlale izimoto armored, nje musa ukuhambisana imishini okuthuthukile. Ukuswelakala kokusebenza ngokuhlanganyela jikelele nokudidiyelwa kwaholela yokuthi umzimba owodwa laqala ukuhlasela, kanye nezinye - baye lasuka izikhundla zabo futhi waqala baphinde bawahlanganise ngalesi sikhathi.

Eyesibili isizathu ukwehluleka

Lesi sici esilandelayo e ukunqotshwa kweSoviet amabutho ngomshini ngaphansi Dubno ayilungele impi ithangi uqobo. Lokhu kwaba ngenxa isimiso esifanayo se-impi "ngezinqola zempi amathangi abalwi." Ngaphezu kwalokho, amabutho ngomshini abangu unomsebenzi iningi ukwesekwa ingxenye elihamba armored, eyakhishwa ngo-1930.

Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke tank impi kweMpi Yezwe II ngaseceleni Soviet lalahleka ngenxa ubunjalo Soviet izimoto zempi. Iqiniso lokuthi amathangi ukukhanya, eyaqanjwa iRed Army, kwaba inhlamvu noma Ballistic Zempi. Ziyakwazi kakhulu kuphangwa ezijulile ngemuva imigqa isitha, kodwa babengesibo zazingayifanele ngokuphelele ukuba aphule ukuzivikela. umyalo amaNazi uye kucatshangelwe yonke izimfanelo ezinhle nobuthakathaka babantu imishini yabo, ukuze sifinyelele iziphetho futhi wakwazi ukulwa ngendlela ihlakaze zonke izinzuzo amathangi Soviet.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi le mpi wasebenza kahle kanye German ensimini wezikhali. Njengomthetho, isilinganiso T-34 futhi KV esindayo kwakuyingozi cha, kodwa ukukhanya amathangi lalimelela usongo ofayo. Ukuze nokuqothulwa art Soviet amaJalimane esetshenziswa kule mpi, 88-mm anti-aircraft izibhamu, okuyizinto ngezinye izikhathi ngisho bhoboza zempi amasampula entsha T-34. Ngokuqondene amathangi ukukhanya ke ekutholeni amagobolondo zabo, abagcinanga wayeka, kodwa futhi "ingxenye wabhubhisa".

Ukwehluleka umyalo Soviet

IRed Army izimoto armored yangena epini ngaphansi Dubno nqunu ngokuphelele emoyeni, ngakho izindiza German zazisekhona ezisendleleni wabhubhisa nakuba kungaze kube yinxenye amakholomu ngomshini. Iningi amathangi kwaba zempi ababuthakathaka, ke siye sadlulela ngalé jikela ixoshe kusuka ezisindayo izibhamu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sasingekho umsakazo, kanye iRed Army ithangi nabasebenza baphoqeleka ukuba benze ngokuvumelana nezimo futhi ngokuqonda kwalo. Kodwa, naphezu kwazo zonke nobunzima, bangena ekulweni, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho uwine.

Ezinsukwini zokuqala ezimbili kwakungenakwenzeka ukubikezela kusengaphambili ngubani ukuwina iyona enkulu ithangi impi kweMpi Yezwe II. Okokuqala, izikali njalo lenyuka: impumelelo nguye, khona-ke ngakolunye uhlangothi. Ngosuku 4th kweSoviet ithangi nabasebenza baye bakwazi ukufeza neragelo phambili, futhi isitha kwezinye izindawo waqhutshelwa 25 noma ngisho 35 km. Kodwa ekupheleni kosuku ngoJuni 27, ekuqaleni wokuthinta ukushoda elihamba ngaphandle zempi okungase tingasebenti ngokugcwele emkhakheni, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ingxenye eziphambili kweSoviet amabutho ngomshini zicishe bhubhisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindlu sebephila futhi baphoqwa ukuba bazivikele. Babengenayo uphethiloli awanele, izinhlamvu kanye izingxenye ezisele. emathangini avuzayo ngokuvamile emuva, kwesokunxele amasu cishe yayinjalo ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi babengenawo isikhathi noma ithuba bayilungise futhi uthathe ekhaya nabo.

Ukunqotshwa, ukuze fikisa ahlula

Namuhla, kukhona umbono wokuthi uma iSoviet waqhubeka azivikele, kwakungase alibale okuhlaselayo German ngisho emuva isitha. Ngokwengxenye enkulu, kungcono kumane kuyiphupho. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi amabutho Wehrmacht ngesikhathi elwa ngcono kakhulu, ngaphandle, baye ngenkuthalo babebambisene kwamanye amagatsha ezempi. Kodwa-ke iyona enkulu kunazo zonke tank empini ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe namanje wadlala indima eqakathekileko. Esandeleni kusengaphambili okusheshayo amabutho amaNazi namaKhomanisi ophoqelelwe umyalo Wehrmacht ukungena esiqiwini yabo amayunithi senzelwe kuhlaselwa eMoscow, futhi lokhu kwaphazamisa grand plan kaHitler "Barbarossa". Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi kukhona kwakusadingeka eziningi ngezihluthu futhi kwegazi, impi ye Dubno namanje eduze kakhulu ukunqoba.

Smolensk impi

Ngokwe-amaqiniso angokomlando, impi elikhulu ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe senzeka ezinyangeni zokuqala ngemva kuhlasela amaNazi. Kufanele ukuthi impi Smolensk - akusiwona impi eyodwa, futhi ngempela emikhulu ukuzivikela-okuhlaselayo iRed Army ngokumelene abahlaseli undlovukayiphikiswa, eyathatha izinyanga 2 futhi zenzeka esikhathini kusuka 10 July kuya ku-10 Septhemba. imigomo yayo oyinhloko kwakumelwe bayeke okungenani okwesikhashana, intuthuko ka amabutho esitha maqondana inhlokodolobha, ukuze Headquarters unike amandla ukuthuthukisa ukuhlela ngokucophelela ekumeleleni eMoscow, futhi ngaleyo ndlela kuvimbele ukuthunjwa edolobheni.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi amaJalimane wayenakho kokubili bokuphakama zezinombolo kanye lobuchwepheshe, amasosha aseSoviet baye bakwazi ukuba azigcine eduze Smolensk. At izindleko ukulahlekelwa omkhulu Red Army imise kusengaphambili okusheshayo isitha phakathi nezwe.

Impi ye-Kyïv

Impi enkulu ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe, okuhlanganisa futhi belwela inhlokodolobha Ukrainian, bebelokhu nehlala njalo. Ngakho, ukuvinjezelwa ukuzivikela Kiev ezenzeka kusukela ngo-July kuya ku-September 1941, uHitler, ubambe izikhundla zabo eduze Smolensk, nokukholelwa umphumela omuhle ka lo msebenzi, ukuze uthumele abanye amabutho akhe bebheke Kiev, ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukuthatha Ukraine, bese - Leningrad futhi eMoscow .

Ukuthunyelwa Kiev baba ukushaywa kakhulu ukuba ezweni, njengoba likhishiwe hhayi kuphela edolobheni kodwa lonke izwe, kuyinto reserves amasu kwamalahle nokudla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iRed Army balahlekelwa eside. Ngokwesilinganiso, Kuye kwabulawa noma ethumba ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane 700. Man. Njengoba ubona, izimpi elikhulu ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe, okwenzeka ngo-1941, saphela ukuhluleka elikhulu izinhlelo eSoviet okusezingeni eliphezulu umyalo futhi ukulahlekelwa ahamba ingxenye enkulu yensimu. abaholi Amaphutha kakhulu ebizayo kuleli lizwe, ukuthi ngesikhathi esifushane kangaka, ilahlekelwe amakhulu ezinkulungwane zezakhamuzi zawo.

ukuvikela eMoscow

izimpi ezinjalo ezinkulu kweMpi Yezwe II, njengoba Smolensk impi kwaba efudumele i-amabutho umsebenzi, ababefuna ukuthwebula dolobha yeSoviet Union futhi ngaleyo ndlela ukwenza iRed Army ukuze thela kuphela. Futhi, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi ayeseduze kakhulu umgomo wabo. amabutho kaHitler baye baphumelela cishe ususondela inhlokodolobha - kakade base km 20-30 kusuka edolobheni.

IV Stalin kwaba kahle babekezelela isimo, ngakho GK esimisiwe Zhukov induna Western Front. Ekupheleni kuka-November, amaNazi ashaqe edolobheni Klin, futhi lokhu kwaphumela ekuthuleni impumelelo yabo. Advanced ithangi brigades German Seledlulise phambili, futhi rears yabo kwasilela kakhulu. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ngaphambili Kwatholakala ukuba welulela kakhulu, aba nesandla ekuthuthukeni kwalo ukulahlekelwa ikhono ngezibhakela isitha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yesithwathwa ezinzima, kuba ingxenye isizathu zokuchithwa German izimoto zempi.

inganekwane kungaqedwa

Njengoba ubona, impi yokuqala enkulu kweMpi Yezwe II babonisa ukungabi okwedlulele ukulungiswa iRed Army for yalwa nesitha esinamandla nangengalo ongumakad 'ebona njengalona. Kodwa, naphezu kwezinkinga elalibhekene amaphutha, kulokhu umyalo Soviet wakwazi ukuhlela enamandla esiphikisayo okuhlaselayo, elaqala ngobusuku 5 6 Disemba 1941 Lokhu ubuholi wenqaba German wayengazange kulindeleke. Ngalesi okuhlaselayo amaJalimane kusukela enhlokodolobha at ibanga 150.

Ngaphambi Battle of eMoscow zonke impi odlule ezinkulu kweMpi Yezwe II akazange avuse isitha balahlekelwa kakhulu. Phakathi onilwelayo inhlokodolobha kanye amaJalimane kwafa abantu abangaphezu kuka-120 eziyinkulungwane. Amasosha zayo. Kwaba ngokokuqala ngqa emihlanganweni eMoscow waphikisa inganekwane ayenganqobeki we eJalimane lobuNazi.

Ngokuqinisekile amacebo amaqembu aphikisanayo

I ngobukhulu tank impi kweMpi Yezwe II ukusebenza, okuyinto wawuyingxenye isigaba ukuzivikela Battle of eKursk. Bobabili umyalo kweSoviet futhi amaNazi Kwakusobala ukuthi ngokuhamba le ngxabano ngeke shintsho olukhulu futhi kuyokwenziwa inqunywa, eqinisweni, umphumela impi. AmaJalimane babehlele a okuhlaselayo ezinkulu ehlobo lika-1943, ngenhloso okuyinto ukuzuza isinyathelo amasu sikushintshe lokho manje lenkampani esivuna yayo. Ngakho-ke, indlunkulu kaHitler kusengaphambili athuthukiswe futhi yakwamukela ukusebenza lempi "Citadel".

Ngezinye GHQ Stalin bebawati kuhlasela isitha futhi wenza Ngokuphikisa kwabo izinhlelo, eyayihlanganisa ekumeleleni kwesikhashana eKursk ezimangalisayo kanye ukopha esiphezulu futhi vymatyvanii amabutho esitha anamandla. Ngemva kwalokho, thina abathemba ukuthi iRed Army uzokwazi yokulwisana-ukuhlaselwa, futhi kamuva - ku okuhlaselayo zamasu.

isikali Okwesibili tank impi

Julayi 12 eduze esiteshini sesitimela Prokhorovka elalisemagcekeni amakhilomitha 56 kusukela Sifundazwe, oluzayo Panzer qembu wavele wayeka balwe bethathwa amabutho aseSoviet. Lapho impi yaqala, ukugcwalisa ithange-Red kwadingeka abanye inzuzo yokuthi ilanga liphuma waphuphuthekisa ethuthuka amabutho aseJalimane.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuminyana okwedlulele impi wayencisha imishini wamaNazi zako ezisemqoka - eyohlala izibhamu ezinamandla, okuyinto ayefana engenamsebenzi at enjalo uhla close. Kodwa amasosha aseSoviet yena, waba nethuba nomlilo sextant futhi hit amaphuzu ezingavikelekile kakhulu zalo German izimoto zempi.

imiphumela

Ngo impi ye Prokhorovka nhlangothi zombili abathintekayo hhayi ngaphansi kuka 1.5 ayizinkulungwane. Pieces of zokudlala, ngaphandle izindiza. eyodwa kuphela ngosuku lwempi isitha walahlekelwa 350 amathangi kanye ayizinkulungwane 10. amasosha zayo. Lwathi luphela usuku olulandelayo ephethwe ukuze ifohle izivikelo isitha sika uhambe ekujuleni km 25. Ngemva kwalokho, lo offensive iRed Army sasiqhubeka sikhula, namaJalimane baphoqeleka ukuba ashona. Kwaphela isikhathi eside kwakucatshangwa ukuthi lesi siqephu Battle of eKursk wayemelele ngobukhulu tank impi.

Phakathi neMpi Yezwe II kwathiwa ayegcwele izimpi, okuyinto kwaba nzima kakhulu kulo lonke izwe. Kodwa, naphezu kwalokhu, ibutho abantu ngesithunzi ukuba inqobe zonke izilingo. Izimpi ezichazwe kulesi sihloko, noma yini angase - yimpumelelo noma ukwehluleka, kusenzima zizongena ngokuwina lo athandwayo eside elindelwe nonke Ukunqoba Omkhulu.