EKursk, 1943. Impi eKursk

Abantu: ngikhohlwa esidlule zabo, akukho esizayo. Ngakho wake watshela sefilosofi yamaGreki asendulo uPlato. Phakathi nekhulu leminyaka eledlule, "nanhlanu republic-odade 'bahlangene" Rus Omkhulu ", wahlasela abantu isifo - wobushiqela. nempi enkulu kwaphawulwa eziningi zokunqoba iRed Army, okungase ngokuthi ukhiye. Isihloko lesi sihloko ingenye eziwumnqamula-juqu kweMpi Yezwe II - eKursk, enye yezimpi kubalulekile ukuthi bamake ahlule yokugcina omkhulu yethu futhi omkhulu-omkhulu isinyathelo zamasu. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, efunwa amaRoma German waqala smash yonke imingcele. Le nhlangano yenkolo yokulwela onenjongo izimpi ENtshonalanga. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, amaJalimane ukhohlwe ukuthi kusho ukuthini "phambili uye eMpumalanga."

ukufana zomlando

EKursk ngxabano iphutha 05.07.1943 - 23.08.1943, izwe bomdabu isiRashiya, phezu okuyinto kwake ihawu lakhe Grand Prince Alexander saseNevsky. isixwayiso sakhe esiyisiprofetho abanqobi Western (abeza kithi ngenkemba) mayelana ukubhujiswa okuseduze ukuhlaselwa Russian ukuhlangabezana inkemba zabo yaphinde yaba nomphumela walo. Akumangalisi ukuthi eKursk into efana empini, lokhu Prince Alexander the zamaJalimane Knights ku Lake Peipus 05.04.1242 ngonyaka. Yiqiniso, amabutho incommensurable, ububanzi kanye nesikhathi lezi izimpi ezimbili. Kodwa simo yezimpi ezimbili ehlelwe into ethi ayifane: amabutho eyinhloko amaJalimane bazama ukuphulukundlela ngokulandelana phakathi impi isiRashiya, kodwa baba lusizi offensives ezinhlangothini.

Uma Nokho, umzamo pragmatic ukusho ukuthi yini eKursk esiyingqayizivele, isifinyezo is kanje: engakaze ibonwe emlandweni (ngaphambi nangemva) kwabantu tekusebenta futhi wezindlela ngamunye 1 km ngaphambili.

Isimo sengqondo sokuba empini

I okuhlaselayo iRed Army emva kwempi kwaseStalingrad kusukela Novemba 1942 kuya ku-March 1943 kwaphawulwa kokunqotshwa oda isitha yezigaba 100, kulahliwe kusukela North eCaucasus, Don, le iVolga. Kodwa uma sicabangela ukuthi umonakalo kuzona ungakithi ekuqaleni entwasahlobo 1943, phambi uhlaliseke. Imephu elwa maphakathi front line ngokumelene amaJalimane, bebheke ibutho likaHitler, wema ziboya ukuthi ezempi wanika igama eKursk Bulge. entwasahlobo 1943rd waletha ukusikhohlisa kuya phambi: eyodwa akezi amabutho, zombili ngomfutho waqongelela futhi ukuthatha isinyathelo zamasu.

Ukulungiselela laseJalimane lobuNazi

Ngemva kokunqotshwa kwaseStalingrad, Hitler yamemezela ukugqugquzela, okuholele Wehrmacht kwakhula kuka offset ngokulahlekelwa kwabo. "Ngaphansi isibhamu" kwaba 9.5 million (izigidi ezingu-2.3 kuhlanganise inqolobane). 75% of butho combat-ngomumo kakhulu esebenza (isigidi sabantu 5.3) ayesezibhebheni phambi Soviet-German.

I sokudumisa wafisa nokunciphisa isinyathelo amasu empini. Izinto zashintsha, ngokusho kwakhe, kwadingeka ukuba kwenzeke ncamashi phambi kwesigaba, lapho eKursk Bulge. ukusebenza amasu 'Citadel "lakhiwe ukuklanywa abasebenzi Wehrmacht. Loluhlelo kuhilela ukusebenzisa bebuthanela ukuba eKursk imivimbo (kusukela enyakatho - avela esifundeni sase orel, kusukela eningizimu - avela esifundeni sase-Sifundazwe). Ngakho-ke, "imbiza" got Voronezh kanye nezimpi Central.

Ngu lo msebenzi kule ingxenye phambi ukwahlukana 50 igxile kuhlanganise 16 tank futhi embonini yezezimoto, isamba semali eyizigidi eziyi 0.9 izinombolo ezikhethiwe amabutho unomsebenzi ngokugcwele; ayizinkulungwane 2.7 amathangi .; ayizinkulungwane 2.5 izindiza .; ayizinkulungwane 10. izigqulo nezibhamu.

Leli qembu ikakhulu kwaba kwathatha izikhali ezintsha: amathangi "Panther" futhi "Tiger" ukushaya izibhamu "uFerdinand".

Isikhundla umyalo Soviet

Esikhathini ukulungiswa amabutho aseSoviet ukuba impi kufanele banconywe ubuholi ithalente Isekela uMkhuzi G. K. Zhukova. Sikanye uMphathi Jikelele Abasebenzi A. M. Vasilevskim kubika kuya uMkhuzi isiphakamiso Stalin ukuthi eKursk kuyoba isayithi ezinkulu ikusasa impi, kanye eseduze wabikezela ukufika Ukubuthelela isitha amandla.

On the front line lwamaNazi kuqhathaniswa Voronezh (umkhuzi - Jikelele Vatutin N. F.) kanye nase-Central Front (umkhuzi - Jikelele Rokossovsky KK) isibalo abantu abayizigidi 1.34. ukwakhiwa kwezikhali yabo yayihlanganisa ayizinkulungwane 19 izigqulo nezibhamu .; ayizinkulungwane 3.4 amathangi .; 2.5 th. Aircrafts. (Njengoba ubona, inzuzo usekela uhlangothi lwawo). Imfihlo evela ngemuva isitha efakwe ohlwini izimpi elise eceleni asemaqeleni Front (wayala I. S. Konev). Wawunamabhodi ithangi, izindiza namabutho ezinhlanu ensimini, kulekelelwa izakhiwo ngabanye.

NeKwakha nokudidiyela leli qembu kwenziwe mathupha G. K. Zhukovym futhi A. M. Vasilevskim.

impi uhlelo Tactical

uhlelo Marshal Zhukov sika bazitshela ukuthi impi ngesikhathi eKursk ezimangalisayo kuyodingeka izigaba ezimbili. Okokuqala - ukuzivikela, kwesibili - ecasula.

Lase sikuhlomele nge foothold ukujula (km 300 ezijulile). Ubude ingqikithi imisele yayo cishe ilingane ibanga "Moscow - Vladivostok". Yena 8 imigqa enamandla ukuzivikela elinikeziwe. Inhloso ukuzivikela onjalo kwakuyiNkosi ufuna ukukwenza buthaka isitha, ukuphuca kuye kuqala, ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze lula umsebenzi ozayo. Esigabeni empini okuhlaselayo yesibili ukuhlela ukuqaliswa kwe-offensives ezimbili. Nasi esokuqala: "Kutuzov" ukusebenza ukuqeda emaqenjini undlovukayiphikiswa nokukhululwa emzini "Lokhozi". Owesibili, "Rumyantsev" ukubhubhisa Sifundazwe-laseKharkov behlukanisa abahlali.

Ngakho, ngo-inzuzo langempela iRed Army Battle of eKursk iphutha ohlangothini namaSoviet "yokuzivikela." Ngesenzo okuhlaselayo, njengoba amacebo wafundisa edingekayo ezikhathini ezimbili noma ezintathu bebakhulu Umumo wezimpi.

amabhomu

Kuqondane ukuthi amabutho okuhlaselayo amaNazi wayaziwa kusengaphambili. Ngobusuku obandulela onjiniyela German waqala amavesi prodelyvat e minefields. Soviet intelligence Frontline bababopha ukulwa futhi wathatha iziboshwa. Kusukela "izilimi" yaziwa ngesikhathi: 3-00 of 07.05.1943

Ukusabela kwakuthinta ngokushesha futhi ezanele: I 2-20 07/05/1943, le Marshal Rokossovskim K. K. (induna Central Phambili), ne ukwamukelwa Isekela uMkhuzi G. K. Zhukova iphoqa wezikhali Frontline lwenziwe zokuvimbela amabhomu ezinamandla. Kwaba emisha ukulwa nesitha. Ngokusho abahlaseli ababephathwa wadubula amakhulu "Katyusha", 600 izibhamu, 460 izigqulo. Ukuze amaNazi kwaba isimanga sebephothulile balahlekelwa.

regrouping 4-30 kuphela, bakwazi ukubamba wezikhali ekuwulungiseleleni, futhi 5-30 azilwele. The Battle of eKursk waqala.

Ukuqala impi

Yiqiniso, akubona bonke abantu babengathola ukubikezela ojenene yethu. Ikakhulu, futhi izisebenzi jikelele, kanti nezinga okulindeleke main khahlela amaNazi isiqondiso eseningizimu, Lokhozi idolobha (esivikela emaphakathi phambi umkhuzi - Jikelele Vatutin N. F.). Eqinisweni, Battle of eKursk phezu ingxenye amabutho aseJalimane kwaqokonyiswa phezu Voronezh Front, kusukela enyakatho. On amabutho Jikelele Vatutina Nikolaya Fedorovicha wathutha ezimbili Battalion amathangi esindayo nezigaba armored eziyisishiyagalombili, Division lokushaya izibhamu, omunye division embonini yezezimoto. Esigabeni sokuqala, lapho impi kwaba nendawo esigodini sokuqala Cherkassy (cishe bawubhubhisa phansi), lapho ababili Soviet sokuzingela ukwahlukana phakathi kwezinsuku ezingu-izibambe ukwahlukana kuhlasela ezinhlanu isitha.

Amaqhinga we okuhlaselayo German

art Martial limnandi, lokhu iMpi Enkulu. Kurskaya Duga wabonisa ngokugcwele le ngxabano phakathi amasu ezimbili. Kwakufana okuhlaselayo German? Kunokuphishekela ngaphambili kuhlasela eyayihamba ogandaganda: 15-20 amathangi "Tiger" nezibhamu self ezinezinjini "uFerdinand". Ngemva kubo kulandele ngamashumi ayisihlanu namashumi amathangi medium "Panther", kulandele njengesosha elihamba phansi. Elibekiwe emuva, zizakuwa, obekwe kabusha ngamaqembu futhi ukuhlasela okuphindaphindiwe. Ukuhlaselwa owawufana amagagasi, elandelayo komunye nomunye.

Landela iseluleko mlando sezempi owaziwa, Marshal kweSoviet Union, uProfesa Zaharova Matveya Vasilevicha, ake hhayi idealize ukuzivikela kwethu isampula 1943 ngeke kubekwe ngeso elibanzi.

Kufanele ukhulume amaqhinga ethangini impi German. Kurskaya Duga (kufanele siqaphele) wabonisa ubuciko, uLieutenant General Hermann Hoth, yena "umJuda", uma mina bangase basho kanjalo mayelana amathangi, usanda kwethula lento ibutho laso 4th empini. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ibutho lethu lama-40 nge 237 amathangi, iningi ifakwe wezikhali (amayunithi 35,4 ngayinye 1 km), iphansi kwesandla sika-Jikelele Kirilla Semenovicha Moskalenko kwaba okuningi kwesobunxele, okungukuthi, Ngenxa yokuphelelwa umsebenzi. Ukumelana jikelele Gotu 6th Guards Army (umlawuli-IM Chistyakov) waba kwabantu izibhamu 1 km - 24,4 nge 135 amathangi. Ikakhulukazi i-Army 6th, hhayi enamandla kakhulu, udedele umthelela Army Iqembu "South", ogama ithimba kwaba owaleli onamakhono kunabo Wehrmacht Erich von Manstein. (By endleleni, lo muntu omunye ambalwa ababeka njalo waveza isu kanye amaqhinga ka-Adolf Hitler, ngo-1944, eqinisweni, sase sachithwa okuyiwona).

Tank impi ka Prokhorovka

Isimo samanje kunzima, ukuqeda ikhefu, Red Army bafakwa isinyathelo zigcine amasu: 5th Guards Tank Army (umkhuzi Rotmistrov PA) kanye 5th Guards Army (umkhuzi Zhadov A. S.)

I-kungenzeka flank kuhlasela ithangi Soviet ibutho edolobhaneni endaweni Prokhorovka ngaphambilini yacatshangelwa German Jikelele Abasebenzi. Ngakho-ke, izigaba 'Totenkopf "futhi" Imperial "igalelo isiqondiso lashintsha laba 90 ⁰ - ngenxa ukungqubuzana bukhoma nentaba nge ibutho Jikelele Rotmistrova pavla Alekseevicha.

Kwabonakala izimoto ezinkulu zamasosha phezu eKursk Bulge: ohlangothini German e empini ayengu izimoto ukulwa 700, zethu - 850. elihlaba umxhwele nelesabekayo isithombe. Njengoba wakhumbula ofakazi, ukubhonga kwakusobala kangangokuthi igazi Kwaphuma ezindlebeni zakhe. Shoot waba stop, lapho umbhoshongo zidilika. Ngokufinyelela isitha ovela ngemuva emotweni futhi wazama nomlilo ngaso amathangi, okuyindawo amathangi kubaneka izimbaqa. Emathangini avuzayo babenjengomuntu uma prostration - usaphila, kwadingeka alwe. Ukuze ashona, kwakungenakwenzeka ukuba bacashe.

IRed Army e Battle of Prokhorovka, okubonisa ubuqhawe, kodwa eba senkingeni enkulu, kunokuba German. Technique 18 no-29 Panzer Corps labhujiswa amaphesenti ayisikhombisa.

Uma sikhuluma nokulahlekelwa izimpi e Battle of eKursk, le Voronezh, asemaqeleni kanye nezimpi Central elahlekile izinkulungwane zabantu 177,8, kuhlanganise izinkulungwane ezingaphezu kuka-70 - .. Olufile. Voronezh Front naye "zangena kuma" yonke ukujula. Ngokolwazi etholwe mlando, ukulahlekelwa German zaba kancane kuka-20% neyethu.

Eyesibili qophelo ukusebenza

Amuncwa 35 km kanti balahlekelwa kakhulu, amaJalimane waqaphela ukuthi ukugcina isizinda yanqoba bengayi, futhi omuzi aqala 16.07.1943 ukubambezeleka amabutho. Voronezh futhi Izimpi asemaqeleni wathuthela ukuhlaselwa positional futhi abuyiselwe front line. I-General Abasebenzi kanye nezinga (kumelwe bakhokhe intela) kungabonakali wabanjwa "umzuzwana leqiniso" futhi afakwe ukulwa Reserve.

Kungazelelwe amaJalimane "fresh" 08/03/1943 Bryansk Front ihanjiswe okuhlaselayo, kusekelwa amabutho kusukela ezinhlangothini asemaqeleni kanye nezimpi Central. 08/05/1943, ngemva ngezihluthu le Bryansk Front yakhululwa orel futhi Sifundazwe asemaqeleni. Ukukhululwa operation Kharkiv 23.08.1943 eKursk, yaqedwa ukwakhiwa. Map le mpi kuhlanganisa isigaba ukuzivikela (05-23.07.1943 g); Orlovskuyu operation ( "Kutuzov") 12.07-18.08.1943 g. Sifundazwe-laseKharkov operation ( "Rumyantsev") of 03-23.08.1943

isiphetho

Ngemva kokunqoba iRed Army phezu Wehrmacht e Battle of eKursk isinyathelo amasu ekugcineni wadlulela iRed Army. Ngakho-ke, le mpi ibizwa senguquko neMpi Yezwe II.

Yiqiniso, ukuhlasela isitha on Esigabeni sokuqala ukusebenza kwakuwubuwula (uma ukuzivikela siye yizo oyedwa kwabahlanu, zazizoba phezu okuvela?!). Ngesikhathi esifanayo amasosha aseSoviet enkundleni lwempi esiye ubuqhawe kweqiniso. 100 000 ziye oda futhi izindondo ukhishwa, futhi 180 babo baklonyeliswa Hero ezinegunya yaseSoviet Union.

Esikhathini sethu, kwaba usuku lokuthweswa iziqu zakhe - Agasti 23 - unyaka ihlangabezana abakhileyo ezweni njengoba Day wenkazimulo lempi Russia.