Amakamu okufa. IMpi Yezwe II: ekamu amaNazi

SeMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili - isikhathi esabekayo. Labo abantu babamba futhi bakhumbule izinto ezinyantisayo ezibangelwa bona ababeye babhekana nazo, ungathandi ukucabanga mayelana naleso sikhathi zokuphila kwakhe. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi lezo unfortunates eziye zabona ngawawo emakamu okuhlushwa amaNazi.

Mayelana lesi simanga eziningi kwashiwo futhi kwabhalwa okuningi, kodwa ezimbi kancane kokuba uyeke ngu akusenjalo.

Kuyini lokhu?

Okubizwa ngokuthi yizindawo ngabodwa ayimpoqo isinqumo okunganambitheki undlovukayiphikiswa umbuso abantu. Ngokungafani emajele, cishe akukho imithetho yesintu Abadali zabo cha guided. Emakamu ukufa ungase uthole umuntu, kuhlanganise nabesifazane, asebekhulile ngisho nezingane imbala. Njengomthetho, ngisho abasindile kulezo zimo akunabuntu baba invalids ezingenathemba.

Izingane babevalelwe emakamu, wathola esabekayo isifo sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo, ukungakwazi ukukhohlwa zonke izinto ezinyantisa umzimba bona abazibonela.

Yini kwakusho ukuthi babezokhuluma?

EJalimane leyo minyaka kulezi zikhungo ayehloselwe ukwesaba futhi kubulawe kokubili lezakhamuzi neziboshwa zempi. Abavamile bazi ngazo ngokuthi "emakamu okuhlushwa," yize lolu hlobo akuyona yodwa eziningi. Uhlobo main babe emakamu okufukuzwa kuwo nasemajele amakamu okufa lapho abantu ngokoqobo libhujiswa ngo ngendlela pipelined. Njengoba izenzakalo zaziqala ukwenzeka kuzozonke izinhlangothi, engesiyo sivune eJalimane lobuNazi , ukuthandwa lezi zinhlobo zonke anda.

Kungani baqamba?

Zadalelwa ngokushesha ngemva amaNazi liqala ukubusa mode. Wawuyini umgomo wazo wokuqala ngabo kwaba zokuhlushwa nokubhujiswa ngokomzimba of abasezinhlanganweni abantu. Abantu abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi inhlangano yabo amaNazi waqala kuphela ukugqashuka kwempi yezwe yesibili, kodwa lokhu akulona iqiniso: e eDachau efanayo "igatsha" kuqala bavula emuva ngo-1933, lapho kungekho lutho ukukhumbuza omunye craziest izinhlelo kaHitler ukuguqa phansi kwakhe wonke emhlabeni.

Ekuqaleni kwempi, ikamu ukufa labetibambile phakathi kwezingange zalo ezingaphezu kuka-300 eziyinkulungwane anti-amaFascist, ngubani zashaqwa eJalimane uqobo, futhi emazweni matasa kuwo. Iningi lazo ezakhiwa njengoba isikhathi ezindaweni yanqotshwa. Ekuqaleni amaNazi wazitshaya sokwakha izindawo evamile ngoba iziboshwa zempi, futhi abaningi ukucabanga ngakho kuze cishe ekupheleni kwempi. Iqiniso kwakukubi kakhulu: kwathi amaNazi esetshenziswa emakamu zazisebenza njengezindawo lapho ngokwenyama wabhubhisa izigidi zabantu.

Thina kube yilolu suku awazi futhi cishe akasoze akwazi thembeke ukuthola ukuthi bangaki abantu empeleni ubulele besahlulelo amaNazi. Ezigabeni impi eyaphela ngawo kwakungeyona into engavamile lapho isibili, anekhono kunazo SS Division kuze kube muva nje asibekela "kabusha" lamakamu, ukubhujiswa okuphelele zonke iziboshwa futhi imibhalo ukuthi wayengase atshele iphasi ngazo zonke izenzo zonya ezingachazeki yamaNazi.

Wangempela injongo

AbaseMelika futhi amaNgisi ngesikhathi impi kwaphoqa asebenzayo kakhulu embonweni wokuthi empeleni okufa ka-Third Reich wayengekho. Bathi konke lokhu izinto - emajele elivamile iziboshwa zempi. Kodwa akunjalo. Lezi ndawo embi yayikhona: injongo yabo eyinhloko kwaba ukubhujiswa ezingokomzimba zabantu. I iqale yabulala lwamaSlav, amaGypsy namaJuda, ababebhekwa njengezibonelo abantu 'eliphansi'. Ukuze uthathe lula esiphezulu wokuphila kwabantu, abakhi anakekela kahle igesi emakamelweni nezindawo zokushisa izidumbu.

Eziningi zalezi amakamu okufa ka-Third Reich abangu okuhloswe ngaso ekubhujisweni abakhubazekile kanye nalabo abangakwazi okuqhubekayo zabantu. Uma kuhlelelwa kubo akukho ukubaluleka isananyathiselwe kubantu okuqukethwe musa: kwathiwa bazitshela ukuthi yithuba lakhe walahla iziboshwa ngeke balinde isikhathi esingaphezu kwamahora ambalwa. Through the izidumbu lezi zindawo nsuku zonke (!) Labetibambile abantu abayizinkulungwane ezimbalwa. By "izimboni sokufa" kukhona emakamu ezilandelayo: Majdanek, i-Auschwitz, Treblinka abanye. Yiqiniso, lolu hlu okufa ikude ephelele.

Indlela esiphatha ngayo iziboshwa?

Zonke iziboshwa engenamandla ngokuphelele, ukuphila kwabo akufanele yini, uyakumbulala nganoma isiphi isikhathi, nje "in the mood." Zonke izici zokuphila zalezi izingozi abangu lilawulwa. On the mthetho ungami ku mkhosi: iningi labo babulawa kuyo leyo ndawo. Kodwa lokhu kwakusala kude isiphetho okubi kakhulu njengoba odokotela amaNazi njalo edingekayo abahlolwayo ngoba ukuhlola esilandelayo.

Njengoba iziboshwa zazihlukaniswe emakamu?

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi iziboshwa okuqala ihlukaniswa ngokweminyaka ezihlukahlukene izilungiselelo, kuhlanganise kokubili uhlanga nendawo yeziboshwa, isizathu ukuboshwa. Ekuqaleni, zonke iziboshwa ayehlukaniswe amaqembu amane amakhulu: ". Izakhi engase engathandeki" anti-amaFascist (betembusave) ekuqhubeni msebenzi, abamele olufanayo "izinhlanga eliphansi ', kanye izigebengu ezivamile futhi

Zonke iziboshwa eqenjini lesibili wagcina ethunyelwe amakamu okufa amaNazi, lapho bebehlala khona: Kushone ngobuningi. Kubo ngaleso izinsolo kancane kungathembeki wahlukunyezwa abalindi phakathi SS, bathunyelwa umsebenzi kunzima kakhulu, esiyingozi futhi elimazayo.

Phakathi kweziboshwa zezombusazwe ngezinye izikhathi uhlangabezana ngisho amalungu wobandlululo Party, abagcina babesolwa ngokuchema abanye "ubugebengu ngokumelene nohlanga," sina amalungu amahlelo enkolo. Fall ekamu Ukufa kungashiya ukulalela ngisho angaphandle izindaba isiteshi emsakazweni.

Ngu "alithembekile" ubalwe njengenye ongqingili, abantu abanemizimba netwetwe, umane enganelisekile. Isimanga siwukuthi kodwa izigebengu "purebred" babe sesimweni esingcono, njengoba asetshenziswe ekuphathweni njengoba umsizi abengamele; Thina enza okuphambene amalungelo eziningi ebuhlotsheni babo.

Decals zasekamu

Kuyaziwa ukuthi abantu emakamu inikezwa inamba ye-serial. Kakhulu kangakanani is ngalokho iziboshwa okwakumelwe bafake onxantathu anemibala ohlangothini lwesobunxele esifubeni futhi edolweni kwesokudla, kanye nenani imivimbo izingubo ezaziwayo. e-Auschwitz kuphela kwathiwa asebenza kuyo kanye nomzimba womuntu, ngesimo tattoo. Ngakho, "zezombusazwe 'wayesho unxantathu red umbala, izigebengu Uthole isithonjana oluhlaza, zonke" alithembekile "Ngangiyisihambi unxantathu abamnyama, ongqingili egqoka pink, futhi amaRom - Brown.

KumaJuda tinemigomo eqinile. Ngaphandle ngezigaba kokujwayelekile unxantathu, babencike kakhudlwana futhi ephuzi, kanti izingubo babeqiniseka bekumele thunga "iNkanyezi KaDavide". Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikakhulukazi kulabo abahlala ngamaJuda lebekanesono diluting 'igazi Aryan "alokothe ukushada, namkha umjameli we-" uhlanga kweqiniso kwama-Aryan. " onxantathu yabo ophuzi imali umngcele abamnyama.

Iziboshwa zazinikezwa ihlukaniswa ngokweminyaka ezweni labo. . Ngakho, amaFulentshi zibhalwe "F", wathembela nabasePoland incwadi "P", nokunye D. Litera efanayo "K" imakwe izigebengu impi (Kriegsverbrecher), uphawu "A" esinelebuli mthetho eziphikelelayo zomsebenzi isiyalo (Arbeit - "umsebenzi"). Bonke abantu ezinokuphazamiseka engqondweni ngawo kufanele asithinte kanjani Blid izingubo patch, "isiwula." Uma abaphathi esolwa isiboshwa belungiselela ukuphunyuka, izingubo zakhe (esifubeni nasemhlane) isetshenziswa ilitshe obomvu nomhlophe, esangenza onogada ukudubula ezingozini ezinjalo ngesikhathi izinsolo kancane sokungathembeki kwabo.

Bangaki abantu emakamu?

Kukholakala ukuthi amakamu okufa amaNazi Awekho zokuhlola ezingu ezintathu noma ezine amasayithi, kodwa okungokoqobo is de ngcolile. Izazi-mlando baye bathola ukuthi konke ohlelweni "lokuqondisa izigwegwe" izikhungo ezifakwe ezingaphezu kuka-14 eziyinkulungwane (!) Tinhlobo letehlukene izinhlangano, ngalinye elikwazi waba nendima ekuqedweni izigidi zabantu. BaseYurophu Alone ngokusebenzisa izindonga kwabo bekulokhu kwezigidi ezingu-18, kanye yabulala abantu abayizigidi ezingu okungenani 11 abangu.

Lapho impi yagcina ihluliwe nobuNazi, omunye izenzo ezishaqisayo kakhulu amaJalimane babe nje amakamu okufa-German. ukwakhiwa yabo walahlwa ngesikhathi lo eNuremberg Izilingo ngokuthi "ubugebengu gravest obenziwa esintwini." Njengamanje, ngesikhathi engenzi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwabantu babeboshwe eJalimane makamu, nalabo ababeboshwe "izindawo, akhiwa okuhlushwa, zokulungisa izikhungo zabasebenzi."

Kodwa lezi zindawo babephakathi kwalabo ukuthi ngisho manje umcabango wabo kuholela eliqhaqhazelayo abacwaningi abanolwazi kakhulu futhi izazi-mlando. Thola okungenani Auschwitz ekamu ukufa. Ngokwe-izibalo zilinganisela kakhulu, abantu abangaphezu kwengxenye yesigidi abantu abayinani elingavamile bafa phakathi kwezingange zalo. Kodwa inani labo kwakuwukuba abadala kunazo, kuyilapho kwezinye izindawo ezilo amaNazi akazange ayakuzonda ezibulala izingane abangakwazi ukuzilwela, ngingowokuqala bani eneminyaka engu-12 kuphela ubudala.

"Kurtengof"

Kodwa omunye kakhulu esesabekayo izindawo Salaspils kwaba ukufa ekamu. inkazimulo yabo eyesabekayo wathola ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi equkethwe eziningi zeziboshwa abancane. Itholakala Latvia, okuyinto "maqhawe angamaqhawe kwamaNazi, yakhululwa kwejoka abahlali waseSoviet."

"Mahhala" kuphumelela kakhulu: kwelinye kuphela lokhu ekamu ukholo wabulala okungenani abantu abangaba 100,000. Lokhu ukulinganisela okungukuthi ngokucacile kakhulu ongaphakeme, ukuthi nje iqiniso neze iqoqo out: ngo-1944, zonke ekamu zomlando ziye babegcina abhidlizwa ngesikhathi sibaleka.

Kwenzekani lapha?

"Yena wayedume" Salaspils ukufa ekamu Amazing ubukhulu izimisele ubugebengu lapha. Ngakho, indlela evame kakhulu ngokubulala izingane kwaba ephelele nkinga igazi labo, bese kusetshenziswa ezibhedlela German nasezibhedlela zamasosha. Futhi ihlolwe izindlela ezihlukahlukene ukufakelwa.

Ngemva kwempi, budebuduze insimu elalisendaweni ekamu yezingane sokufa, sathola ezweni esingalazi ukuthi ngokoqobo ugcwala amafutha. Abacwaningi, owaqala bakhe isifundo abekade esabekayo horror: embizeni enkulu emgodini, umhlaba elalibe exutshwe womuntu umlotha, athole izinsalela unburned amathambo. kakhulu.

Bonke ingeyamakhosi izingane ezinhlanu - engu. Kwabe sekuvela ukuthi, cishe bonke of them babe "igazi donor" yomzimba iphampa ngokoqobo ezomile.

Okunye "ucwaningo"

Ikamu izifo kudlangile ezithathelwanayo, main okwakunzima nesimungumungwana. Koonyana abagulayo, wachitha ngempela ucwaningo akunabuntu: bona eba yiqhwa, bebulawa indlala, nemilenze unqanyulwe ukuze "alungise imikhawulo zomzimba womuntu." Ngaphezu kwalokho, "experimenters" agezwa nezingozi ice-amanzi.

Ukutheleleka nale umzimba ngokushesha uhamba emuva, bashonelwa izingane nangemihelo esabekayo, nomunyu futhi ngezinye izikhathi eyathatha izinsuku ezimbalwa.

Njengazo zonke ekamu ukufa (izithombe babe esihlokweni), lokhu kakhulu ngenkuthalo esetshenziswa "odokotela" German ukuhlola ngemigomo emisha futhi ama-antimicrobial. On izingane uhlangabezana sinqobe entsha, okuyinto massively yokuxhashazwa arsenic yabo. Amagciwane atholakala ngaphandle ukumelana izinkinga zesisu ngowayeyiSekela elwa namagciwane, lapho iziboshwa abasha itheleleke nge typhoid, isifo sohudo nezinye izifo.

okutholakele

Noma yimuphi impi Okokuthola ezinesihluku kakhulu futhi akusizi ngalutho. Akukona ukuxazulula ingxabano, kodwa kuphela kuholela ekuqongeleleni olusha sha. Kodwa Irova yesibili wakhumbula ukuthi kwezinye izenzo zobugebengu impi abanalo yisimiso ukulinganiselwa, akukho ngezizathu intethelelo.

On the amakamu okufa lapho izigidi zabantu basuswa, kumelwe sikhumbule ngaso sonke isikhathi. Bayakhohlwa enjalo ezishaqisayo amacala ayebekwe abantu Imvelo uqobo lwayo okungukuthi anisoze akunakwenzeka, njengoba kungaba ukukhashelwa inkumbulo eziningi, ngokuvamile engaziwa izisulu.