Cruiser "Indianapolis": incazelo, umlando kanye nenhlekelele

Ekupheleni kuka-July 1945 kwakukhona ambitious kunazo inhlekelele zasolwandle emlandweni ukuthi amabutho asolwandle. Ngaphambi nje kwempi, impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu American "Indianapolis" waba torpedoed futhi ucwila ngumuntu ngwenya Japanese. torpedoes ababili, umkhumbi-ngwenya, wadedelwa, kwabulala amatilosi angaphezu kuka ayisishiyagalolunye namashumi.

Amavolontiya asemakhaya Navy

Ngemva okwakwenzeka ukuthi izindiza Japanese wahlela ukuba 7 Disemba 1941 at US base wamabutho asolwandle ngesikhathi Pearl Harlbor, United States sibhajwe sibhicongo Second neMpi Yezwe. Phakathi kwabo emazweni ahlangene esadlala indima ebalulekile ekuqhubeni imisebenzi yezempi olwandle, futhi izinkulungwane abafana American, ukugeleza enomfutho izinkulumo ezibonisa ukushisekela izwe, ethela kubo kusukela imisakazo kanye nasephephandabeni, eyabhalwa namavolontiya imikhumbi.

Isizathu esikhethekile nokuziqhenya wayephakathi kwalabo anomsebenzi esiteshini baphendula impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu USS Indianapolis, futhi akwenzekanga ngephutha. Wempi Yethulwe Novemba 15, 1932, wayebe omunye izitsha edume kakhulu futhi ehlonishwa. Selokhu kwathi nhlo umusa wabo uhambo lomkhumbi uMongameli uTeodor Ruzvelt. Ukuwela ocean ebhodini, wenza abathakazelelwayo ukuvakashelwa. Deck impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu ukukhumbula amalungu amaningi imikhaya yasebukhosini kanye nabaholi ezombusazwe ezweni.

Lo mkhumbi nenduna yayo

Cruiser, ngisho lingakanani kwakuhambelana nokuka sesimweni ezehlukile ezinjalo. Engingakusho nje ukuthi kwi emphemeni ukuthwala abantu ezimbili zebhola ngaphandle nobunzima. Ubude Imininingwane kuyinto 186 metres uphinde uthele kancane ukuhamba elilingana 12775 wamathani. Lokhu giant inabasebenzi abantu 1269. Main isiteleka amandla lalinabashumayeli izibhamu ezintathu acinene osezingeni 203 mm. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyizikhali zikaNkulunkulu sifaka inqwaba ku-ibhodi amathuluzi ezimbalwa ukufaka anti-aircraft.

Wayevamile futhi ukuba abe izinduna Uyakufanelekela, abaphuma ngokunembile futhi ngesikhathi ukuze sifeze noma isiphi oda High Command, ngaphandle umkhumbi wakwazi ukwakha idumela elihle. Owokugcina lezi waqokwa ngoDisemba 18, 1944 Charlz Batler McVay - Isikhulu abasha lolungenamaphutsa efakazelwe. Kunzima ukucabanga ukuthi nguye omiselwe ukudalelwa ukuba ahole impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Indianapolis" emkhankasweni wakhe wokugcina.

Ngobusuku obandulela kwaqedwa impi

Ngenxa esebenzayo ukulwa imisebenzi entwasahlobo ka-1944, i-US Navy mikhumbi yayingamamitha kuphela amakhilomitha ambalwa ngasogwini Japan. Ukuze ukuhlaselwa juqu ababewadinga ukuze balukhulume zithuthukisa ephelele - esiqhingini Okinawa. Ukwazi of a ekupheleni kokuphela kwempi futhi ukuthi le mpi iyonqotshwa wavusa ugqozi amatilosi amandla kabili.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo abaphikisi babo babe esimweni esinzima kakhulu. I-Japanese ungazange kuphela ingxenye enkulu imikhumbi wabhujiswa, wachitha izinhlamvu, kodwa kwaphela yonke inqolobane etholakalayo wezisebenzi. Kulesi simo esibucayi umyalo wabo esenqume ukungena Kamikaze ebesengenile - pilot ekuhlaseleni, abashisekeli, ukulungele ukunikeza izimpilo zabo kumbusi.

Onyakeni owawandulele ihlukane izindiza Japanese ezazigxishwe iziqhumane inabasebenzi ukuzincisha ukuzibulala kuhlasela US yempi empini ngenxa Philippines. Kwabe sekuthi ngo-Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezizayo, amabhomu angaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezimbili izindiza wenza nokuhlasela, owabangela umonakalo elisemqoka kuya imikhumbi US. Uma sicabangela isimo linqoba, umbusi ngaphambilini kabusha zisebenzisa lezi zikhali.

ukuzibulala kuhlasela

Imibhalo, le impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Indianapolis" uhlaselwe ukuzibulala ekuhlaseleni ekuseni ngomhlaka 31 kuNdasa. Flip kwakunzima kakhulu, ngoba ukuyeka ukuzibulala ekuhlaseleni ubengase ngokudubula indiza emoyeni, futhi kungenzeka yini njalo.

Kungakapheli nemizuzu embalwa ngemuva kokuqala impi omunye izindiza agasele evela emafwini ulenga phezu kolwandle, ishayise Iminsalo impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu. Ukuqhuma okwalandela kwabulala amatilosi eziyisishiyagalolunye, njengoba owenziwe umonakalo ophoqelelwe umyalo ukususa umkhumbi kusuka ukulwa emsebenzini bese uthumela iyokhandwa eSan Francisco echwebeni. Kodwa naphezu kwako konke, isimo kwaba ukuziqinisa nokuba nombono, njengoba impi waya ngonyaka odlule - 1945.

Cruiser "Indianapolis" wenza umyalelo imfihlo

Pho utshele abahlanganyeli lokusinda lezo zenzakalo, iningi lakhala wayeqiniseka ukuthi impi isiphelile ngabo, futhi yokubuyiswa Japan izonikwa ngaphambi kokuphela ukulungisa. Kodwa isiphetho decreed ngenye indlela. Ekuqaleni kuka-July, lapho kwakukhona ukulwa, induna wayalelwa ngesisekelo okuyinto US Navy impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Indianapolis" Kwadingeka ukuba ngithathe ebhodini okusanhlamvu ekhethekile imfihlo futhi ukuyibeka endaweni ecacisiwe.

Ngokushesha umkhumbi iziqukathi ezimbili baye bakhuliswa, okuyinto ngokushesha wabelwa onogada abahlomile. Ngalezo zinsuku, ayikho amatilosi engazi ukuthi unalesi wezimpahla ongaqondakali, futhi iningi labo futhi kwakungafanele ukulazi. Kodwa kwadingeka isikhathi ukuqedela ukukhanda impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu, ngokomyalo, waya olwandle salibangisa Hawaii. Wahamba ngejubane phezulu iyunithi engamashumi amathathu nane, yonke indlela wamboza izinsuku ezintathu.

Abathwali ukufa-athomu

Kufinyelela olibangise kuyo, uCaptain McVay ukuthi radioed ukuqhubekela Mariana Islands, kukhona at ibanga elingamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezimbili kuya entshonalanga. Yiqiniso uya khona kwenzakala kufakwe hlangana nenani labo esiqhingini Tinian. Kukhona ukuhambisana izinyathelo esiphezulu iziqukathi zisusiwe emphemeni futhi kuthathwe waya ogwini.

Manje-ke akuyona imfihlo ukuthi bangabafokazi uranium cores for amabhomu enuzi, enye yazo eHiroshima ezinsukwini eziyishumi, futhi ukuqhuma yayo, lapho yabhubhisa khona izibalo zilinganisela kakhulu izingalo eziyikhulu namashumi izinkulungwane ezingamashumi ayisithupha namakhulu abantu bephoqeleka ukuba uyanengwa emhlabeni, futhi umyalo Japanese - ngemvume ku-Agasti 15, insimbi umaluju. Kodwa-ke, lokhu namanje akekho owayazi isintu ungeke ucabange yonke imiphumela Apocalypse zenuzi. Okwamanje bekungakacaci noma imfihlo lempi.

Kokufa impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Indianapolis" kwandulelwe ukugunyazwa okwenziwe umyalelo etholwe induna ngokushesha ngemva athula ezitsheni. Yayala ukuba ulandele entshonalanga yePacific esiqhingini Guam, bese ePhilippines. Impi yaphela, futhi once ukuze yatholwa amatilosi "Indianapolis" njengoba isimemo kolwandle uhambo, hhayi kubabangele iyiphi ingozi.

UCaptain Iphutha McVeigh

Amachweba San Francisco impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Indianapolis" oshiywe Julayi 16 futhi ngosuku olufanayo kusuka pier we-Japanese base wamabutho asolwandle buthule ihambe ngwenya ke ngaphansi inombolo mina-58. induna yakhe Mochitsura Hashimoto khona submariner abanolwazi, owahamba ngomkhumbi empini futhi ejwayele abhekane nesigwebo sentambo. Lesi sikhathi waletha umkhumbi wakhe ukuzingelwa amaMelika kabani umbono wokunqoba okusheshayo zivame bancishwa ngokuhlakanipha aphansi.

Ngokusho imithetho, e yempi ngemikhumbi ukuba ukutholwa ngwenya isitha, wonke kumelwe uthuthele e zigzags. Yilokho waxosha imikhumbi yabo ngaso sonke isikhathi impi uCaptain McVay, kodwa wanqoba emhlabeni kwesasa wokunqoba odlale iqhinga phezu kwakhe. Njengoba yayingekho ulwazi mayelana khona endaweni ka ngwenya kwesitha sayo, dengwane izinyathelo evamile. Lokhu frivolity lobugebengu kwaba kamuva okwakwenzeka haunted kuye kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe.

ngwenya Chaser

Phakathi naleso sikhathi, amaJapane ngwenya sonars wabanjwa umsindo wenza ngezikulufo Cruisers, futhi lokhu ngokushesha kubika kumlawuli. Mochitsura Hashimoto ngaphambilini ukuze alungiselele torpedoes ukulwa bese ulandela umkhumbi, ngokukhetha isikhathi esingcono ukuhlasela. Kulabo abasebenza we impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu lo mkhankaso kwaba evamile ehhovisi isimiso, futhi akekho ngisho okusolwa ukuthi umkhumbi wabo Ulandelwa isitha ngwenya. Lokhu kwenza ukuba abazalwane Japanese ukulandela ngasese amaMelika amakhilomitha ambalwa ngaphezulu.

Ekugcineni, lapho ibanga ovunyelwe ukwenza ukulwa kokuqala ngokuqiniseka elanele lokuxhumana, umkhumbi-Japanese umkhankaso torpedoes ezimbili ngesikhathi impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu. A ngomzuzu kamuva, i-Hashimoto ngokusebenzisa eyepiece we periscope wabona esingu kuze kube sezulwini umthombo wamanzi. Lokhu kwabonisa ukuthi omunye wabo ifinyelele umgomo walo. Ukwenza umsebenzi ukulwa, umkhumbi-ngwenya wanyamalala ezinzulwini olwandle njengoba buthule njengoba ayebonakele.

inhlekelele

Yebo, ngempela, ngeshwa amatilosi kwaba hit ngqo. Ukuqhuma egumbini lenjini ndawo, wabhubhisa yonke team ukuye. Esikhathini imbobo kwakhiwa utshaza amanzi, futhi, naphezu lingakanani omkhulu, le impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu ezisindayo "Indianapolis" waba dengwane ngakwesokudla. Kulesi simo, inhlekelele sasingagwemeki, futhi uCaptain McVay ngaphambilini crew ukulahla umkhumbi.

Ukuhlasela ngwenya, okuyinto eyaba isimanga ephelele bonke, ukuqhuma futhi okwalandela rock bands waqala ukwethusa chaos ukuthi ungcwatshwa ababhubhayo isitsha. Yinkulungwane namakhulu amabili namashumi wokutakula nezisebenzi ukuseshwa kanyekanye ukugqoka lifejackets futhi zokungajahi amanzi. Ngokumangalisayo, kwatholakala ukuthi izimali ncibilika-eziphuthumayo azanele - Inombolo yabo ayihambisani inani nezisebenzi. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, iningi amatilosi elinde usizo nakanjani kokuhlala isikhathi eside emanzini.

Qala usuku emine okwakwenzeka

Ukuba phakathi izindawo uwoyela omkhulu, anyakaza emhlabeni impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu omunyu bona, babona umkhumbi kushabalele, kuze kube muva nje ayebhekwa ubuhle futhi ukuziqhenya American Navy. Ziyakwazi phambi impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu kancane okulinganiswa phezu kolunye uhlangothi lwawo, ekhaleni ingxenye kusele ngokuphelele ngaphansi kwamanzi, okubangela okuphakelayo emaphutsa, futhi ekugcineni, bonke umkhumbi, sengathi ukhathele amabutho zokugcina ekulweni olwandle latshona ekujuleni.

Ngalolu suku, ngoba ayisishiyagalolunye amatilosi owasinda Japanese torpedo kuhlasela ngwenya bese sabanjwa elikhangayo phakathi nolwandle ngaphandle isikebhe, ngaphandle amanzi okuphuza nokudla, ezaqala ukwenzeka naleyo nhlekelele yangempela. Ayemaningi e beshaqekile. Kusukela zonke izinhlangothi kwalokho bakhala izinyembezi usizo, kodwa kwakungekho muntu ukunikeza ke. Ukuze ngandlela-thile bajabule iqembu, induna wazama wonke umuntu ukuthi sebeseduze omunye wemizila ebekwe ulwandle main ukukholisa, futhi akungabazeki ukuthi maduze ukuvubukulwa.

Nokho, konke kwakwehlukile. Njengoba ukuqhuma isiteshi somsakazo womkhumbi futhi ayikwazanga ngesikhathi ukuthumela isignali ukucindezeleka ilimele, umyalo imikhumbi ayizange ngisho bona lokho okwakwenzekile. Esiqhingini Guam, lapho impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu ezalandela, ukungabi kwakhe kwachazwa ushintsho kungenzeka yebo futhi engazange aphakamisele alamu. Ngenxa yalokho, Wadlulela ezinsukwini ezine ngaphambi ukucindezeleka babe ngephutha nezimanakanaka webhomu American obenziwa indiza endaweni patrol.

Ukufa phakathi oshaka

Kodwa ambalwa nje ezisekhona kuze kube namuhla. Ngaphandle ukoma, indlala kanye hypothermia, amatilosi walala ukulinda olwandle oluvulekile kungenye engozini - ushaka. Ekuqaleni, kwamanzi uvele ephikweni ambalwa olulodwa, khona-ke inani liye lenyuka, futhi ngokushesha sonke isikhala emhlabeni amatilosi ngokoqobo kukhasa nabo. Among the ntu Ngaqala ukwethuka. Akekho owayazi ukuthi yini okufanele uyenze futhi kanjani ungakwazi uzivikele lezi izilwane ezidla ezinye esinonya olwandle.

Ushaka namanje clenched indandatho baqaphe emhlabeni izisulu zabo. Babe Kwadlula, kwakusuka okusezingeni eliphezulu ngaphezu kobuso umlomo elalivuliwe, futhi wabe eseya ezijulile. Kungazelelwe, phezu umsindo amagagasi, ukukhala shrill womuntu, futhi amanzi ayekade waklebhula evulekile. Lokhu kwakuwumnikelo ka-isibonakaliso nabanye oshaka. Bakhandwa ayethathe abantu ngihluphekile futhi uyaphila ngaphezulu abathandwa ezijulile.

nhlekelele okuqhubekayo

A esihogweni idili kuyekwa ke uqalisiwe zingakapheli izinsuku ezintathu. Of amatilosi ayisishiyagalolunye babambeke amanzi ngemva kwale nhlekelele ne impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu US Navy "Indianapolis" cishe ingxenye kwaba isisulu ushaka.

Kodwa ngokushesha le ingezwe enye ingozi. Iqiniso liwukuthi i-jackets ukuphila, lapho amatilosi baqhubeka ukuze uhlale amanzi, ziye ibalwa izinsuku ezintathu. Njengoba siphelelwé izinto zabo, basuke ayegcwele amanzi buoyancy elahlekile. Ngakho, ukufa baba ngenakugwemeka.

Ukufika abatakuli

ngo-August 2, ie kuphela, ngosuku lwesine nhlekelele ambalwa ababesahlezi uyaphila, wezwa phezu umsindo amakhanda indiza. Thola nomshayeli wabo ngokushesha kubika ekomkhulu, futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi zaqala ukusebenza wokutakula. Kuze izitsha main endaweni lapho kuphahlazeka iphutha impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Indianapolis", ngendiza efika futhi, Esenze kokwehla okuyingozi phakathi amagagasi yesivini, baba uhlobo pier ngoba bonke labo wakwazi ukusinda.

Ngokushesha, endaweni esibuhlungu kwafika imikhumbi emibili - ngumbhubhisi USS Bassett bese umkhumbi esibhedlela USS Tranquility, owaletha abasindile eGuam, lapho wathola indlela yokwelashwa. Abantu 1.189 ebhodini, ngasinda 316. kuphela Ezinye izindaba zika-amatilosi yaphihlizeka impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Indianapolis" ayelingana eziphilayo. izinsuku ezingu-17 kuphela ezisele ngaphambi kokuphela kwempi.

Isinqumo kwesihlalo sokwahlulela

Inhlekelele ye impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Indianapolis" kubange resonance ububanzi phakathi umbono womphakathi American futhi izwe. Sasinda ngokulambisa izinto ezinyantisa umzimba empini, abantu yafuna ngamthola futhi ajezise labo icala ngalokho okwenzekile. UMnyango Wezokuvikela anxenxa ukushushisa induna McVeigh, incriminating ukunganaki bakhe abayizigebengu, okwaphumela umkhumbi hhayi bophezela ebekiwe Ezimweni ezinjalo, inhlangano elwela amazombe futhi baba izisulu ezilula ngwenya isitha.

Ngu ngesinqumo sesiGungu, oba ngo-December 19, 1945, induna impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Indianapolis" waba zehliswa ezikhundleni ngamaviyo, kodwa waphunyuka ejele. Okuxakayo ukuthi la ecaleni wamenywa umlawuli wangaphambilini we-ngwenya-Japanese Mochitsura Hashimoto, lowo ethunyelwe phansi impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu ill-fated. Impi yaphela, futhi manje beyizitha ndawonye ukubhekana nezindaba zomthetho ezibalulekile.

usizi kube likakaputeni

Isinqumo kwesihlalo sokwahlulela, uye yimbangela kukhulunywe kangaka. Kuwo wonke amazinga, amazwi isola imikhumbi umyalo ngilangazelela ukubeka icala kokufa impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Indianapolis" phezu McVeigh eyodwa futhi ngenxa yalokho sigweme lozhivshiesya share wabo wemfanelo. Nokho, Baphela, yokuthi ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kamuva Fleet Admiral Chester Nimitz isimemezelo siqu wambuyisela isikhundla sakhe sangaphambili, eminye iminyaka emine kamuva futhi buthule umhlalaphansi buthule.

Nokho, nguye yagcina ezimiselwe ukuba abe nangenye isisulu, okwaholela kokufa impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Indianapolis". Indaba ukushona kwakhe nesibhicongo uqobo okwamanje. Kuyaziwa ukuthi eminyakeni ezayo, McVeigh njalo wathola izincwadi ezivela amalungu emikhaya ezinqala, ekufeni yena wamangalelwa ezaziwayo. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi wayeseholela ngokusemthethweni ezikhishwe emthwalweni, abantu abaningi abakubheka njengomklamo kuye imbangela eyinhloko ngalesi sigameko. Ngokusobala, lezi zinsolo benanela Isazelo yakhe. Ayikwazi unqobe ukuhlushwa zokuziphatha, ngo-1968, kusho uCaptain McVay wadutshulwa.

History of the impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Indianapolis" waphinda abe isihloko sengxoxo ngo-2000, lapho sashaya isinqumo ngesisekelo kuyo McVeigh aqede ngokuphelele wonke amacala ngaphambilini icala. Le dokhumenti uphakamise onesiginesha umengameli wakhe American , uBill Clinton, okwakwenziwa entry ezifanele indaba likakaputeni yangasese, igcinwe endaweni yokugcina ka-Navy.

Edolobheni Indianapolis, impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu wazalela ogama lakhe efile behlonipha wakhe awumisile yisikhumbuzo. Njalo ngemva kweminyaka emibili, ngo-July 30, mhla Japanese torpedo izindlela ukuqeda umkhumbi lokulwa, lesikhumbuzo edonsela bonke ababambiqhaza ephila izenzakalo lwalezo zinsuku waphinda ukwabelana yobuhlungu zishabalala ngokuphelele. Kodwa isikhathi okungapheli, futhi beba sazikhohlwa njalo ngonyaka.