Yokwakha kabusha e-USSR. Lalisebenza kanye nezizathu

Yokwakha kabusha eSoviet Union - inkambo entsha ubuholi beqembu, okuyinto ephawuleka iqoqo izinguquko kwezomnotho kanye zezombusazwe ezingalindelekile ezenzeka eSoviet Union kusukela ngo-1985 kuya 1992.

Umqalisi eyinhloko ushintsho idatha Mihail Sergeevich Gorbachev, ngaleso sikhathi kulesi sikhundla of uNobhala Jikelele we CPSU. Ngokusho kwakhe, inqubomgomo yokuhlela kabusha kwaba ushintsho olusheshayo ngokujulile. Baye abathintekayo cishe yonke imikhakha yempilo e nomphakathi wamaSoviet.

Izimbangela yokwakha kabusha e-USSR ayeyizidalwa ngingakhululeki. Ukuphathwa ukholelwa ukuthi yokujama tsi ekuthuthukiseni isimo incike ifomu ephelelwe yisikhathi uhulumeni, okungase singahlangabezani isikhathi esisha. Ngakho-ke, ngo-1987 eneminyaka plenum leKomiti Central we CPSU, kwanqunywa ukumemezela kabusha limane nje isiqondiso entsha ngokuphelele abaphilayo ensimini ka ukuthuthukiswa izwe kanye nabantu.

Izazi-mlando zithi kabusha elaseSoviet Union yahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu.

Isikhathi sokuqala kwaphawulwa nokuqaphela kubantu inqubomgomo wamanje akakwazi sihambisane izikhathi, futhi nakanjani kuyoholela ngokuwa kweSoviet Union. Futhi, ngalesi sigaba, Gorbachev wachitha yizinkampani ezimbalwa omkhulu, eyayibonakala okuhloswe ngalo ukubhekana izinkinga eziyimbangela ezikhona emphakathini. Waqala kanjalo-ke umzabalazo evulekile umlutha wotshwala, abantu ochumayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhulumeni olwenziwa eziningana izinyathelo elwisana nenkohlakalo, ogama njongo yayiwukwesabisa abantu zijwayele ukufunjathiswa.

Ngomqondo othile, lesi sinyathelo sasiza. Manje izikhulu abaningi baqala ngonanzelelo nemisebenzi yabo, okwaphumela ukwehla izibalo nenkohlakalo.

In the isinyathelo sesibili e kabusha eSoviet Union yazuza umoya sezenhlalo. Abantu abaningi bathandile izinguquko ngoba ayeqondiswe inkambo yeningi. Ngakho, kusukela kuleso sikhathi, kakhulu ukunciphisa ezidinga ukucwaninga. emphakathini umenyezelwe kuleli zwe. A izinkampani ezizimele lalimisa kuqinisekiswa umthetho. Futhi, abantu babejabule nalokho manje eSoviet Union wasuka ezombusazwe ekusithekeni nendluzula ebhekiswe kwamanye amazwe nezizwe. Manje eSoviet Union wafuna usondela West, ukuthuthukisa ukuhweba kanye nobudlelwane kwezomnotho kanye ukuvumela izakhamuzi zalo ngaphandle nzima kakhulu ukuba size siye kwamanye amazwe okwesikhashana, futhi zokuhlala unomphela. Kodwa ngenkathi bambalwa abantu bafuna ukuba ashiye izwe lawo kuze kube phakade, ngoba manje umphakathi ukholelwa esikhathini esizayo bajabule emasimini abo.

In esigabeni sesithathu yale nqubo, njengoba yokwakha kabusha e-USSR, iba babazi umbuzo yokuphikisana umbuso zamaKhomanisi kwenqubomgomo entsha yelinyenti isimo, okuyinto lithole ukwesekwa phakathi kwabantu abavamile Soviet. Futhi ngalesi sikhathi safika kuzo zonke zazifihlwa ngaphansi kwesasa jikelele inkinga. Bomnotho kuphawulwa ukushoda kwezimpahla kuleli zwe, aba nesandla ekuthuthukeni kwalo ukuphoxeka abantu, ngoba akekho umuntu owayefuna bame emigqeni isikhathi eside.

Ngenxa yalokhu, abantu sisathemba ababusi isimo, kanye nezinqubomgomo ushintsho eziningi esidumazayo. Izwe achuma izinhlangano ezazisekela ukwenqaba imibono ezihlongozwayo kubabusi. Abantu, kunalokho, wafuna izinto ngenkani kokugumbuqelwa uhulumeni. Ngokwemvelo, umphumela onengqondo lesi simo kwaba nenhlekelele kanye ekuvalweni iziphathimandla zamaKhomanisi Party kuleli zwe. Ngokushesha ngemva kulesi senzakalo ephelele nciphisa wase-USSR. Manje isimo ngokuthi iSoviet Union wayengekho.

Ake sithi ngesikhathi abantu isikhashana bese samjabulisa yilokhu kushintsha kwezinto, kodwa ngokuya ukuzwa imicabango yabantu ngosuku ukuthi ngalezo zinsuku kwaba ngcono. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amazwe CIS nge ukhetho ngamunye, ukuthola ukwesekwa kubantu uthole leQembu LamaKhomanisi.