Kungani ebizwa ngokuthi eChernobyl eChernobyl? Umlando EChernobyl

Mhlawumbe namuhla akukho umuntu wayengeke abe ujwayelene enye yezindawo edume kakhulu emhlabeni - eChernobyl. Ulwazi mayelana eChernobyl namuhla zingatholakala hhayi kuphela ezincwadini kodwa imithombo eminingi online. Leli gama ngokuyinhloko elihlobene ne-kugqamuke amalangabi esikhungweni sokuphehla wendawo sokuphehla amandla enuzi. Le nhlekelele eChernobyl kwenzeka ngomhla ka-Ephreli 26 1986 ngonyaka, idolobha immortalized. Indaba yakhe empeleni lasendulo okuningi.

Lapho igama

Okokuqala udinga ukuqonda ukuthi kungani eChernobyl ngokuthi eChernobyl. Lapho futhi owanika edolobheni igama? Kukholakala ukuthi igama lihlotshaniswa Mugwort, noma umhlonyane, owaziwa kakhulu kithi. Into wukuthi lesi sitshalo evame kakhulu emaphandleni, lapho ngasekela edolobheni. Umhlonyane okumila lapha ngokwezwi nezwi isho ukuthi yonke imikhakha. Zikhona nezinye izinguqulo kungani eChernobyl ngokuthi eChernobyl. Le ngozi ngesikhathi isikhungo esiphehla ugesi wenuzi ngo-1986 kwaba imbangela legends ezingaqondakali futhi ukufunisela. Lesi siprofetho sasendulo. "Indaba yangempela Black" - inhlanganisela kuzalwa iyinkathazo enkingeni.

Umlando yonke indawo yedolobha lasendulo

Nini futhi kuphi okokuqala okukhulunywa igama "EChernobyl"? Umlando edolobheni iqala kukhulunywa ku indaba, eyabhalwa ngonyaka 1193. Iqala kukhona manje indaba eziningi owaziwa eChernobyl. Le nkomba wayehlobene Prince Kiev, ngubani beyifuna eduze nedolobha. Ukukhuluma Ngasekuqaleni kwalesi sigodi lapho.

Nakuba emzini eChernobyl wayedume ngokuthula Bahlala abameleli izinkolo ezihlukahlukene. Kwakukhona amaKatolika, amaJuda nama-Orthodox.

umlando nokuBusa of eChernobyl igcina eyodwa ngaphezulu iqiniso elithakazelisayo. On the River Pripyat, endaweni confluence yayo nge Dnieper, ekhulwini nantathu amabutho united Lithuanian futhi Ukrainian wanqoba umbusi Batu Khan - Kaidanow. Voivod waya Pripyat wesifunda ukuqoqa iminikelo. Emva ukuhlaselwa, Kaidan ngokulambisa wathatha unyawo Yeka ukulwa. Okuningi ke emzini eChernobyl nasezindaweni ezizungezile inkokhiso awabuyi.

City ngesikhathi ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe

Lokhu mpi esabekayo kwaba zokuchitheka kwegazi okukhulu kunakho emlandweni wesintu. Kuyaziwa ukuthi impi babecela imali engaphezu kuka-60 million. Uhlala. Ukubala inani eliphelele izisulu uqhutshwa mlando kuze kube yilolu suku.

Hhayi akathunyelwa party Umhlaba Okwesibili futhi eChernobyl, okuyinto ngesikhathi ayehlasela amaNazi kwaba kakade idolobha igcwele ingqalasizinda ezinhle nemibomo.

AmaJalimane ngentshiseko enkulu wazama umuzi. Indawo lapho eChernobyl, elise entabeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lizungezwe imifula Pripyat futhi ngenza okwakubonakala kuzuzisa ngokuya amaqhinga empini amabutho esitha. Kule sayithi ilawulwa kahle yonke imizila yezokuthutha, kusukela phansi nesiphetho emfuleni.

Agasti 25, 1941 edolobheni kwakuhlezi. Bakwazi ulwe ngesikhathi kabusha izindawo elivela kuzo iRed Army, 17 Novemba 1943 kuphela. Namuhla, inkumbulo Lezo zenzakalo eziyinhlekelele wadala Inkazimulo Park kwamiswa izimpawu isikhumbuzo izikhumbuzo abakhileyo enesibindi eChernobyl.

isiphetho kwempi

Umuzi kubhekwa into osendaweni ebalulekile, ngakho samabutho amakhulu bathunyelwa ekululameni kwakhe. Sekusele igunya amabhizinisi ukubuya ukuthi basala ekuqaleni kwempi, kabusha izindlu, izinto olubaluleke nomphakathi: izinkulisa, izikole, izibhedlela. Umuzi ngokuxhamazela ithunyelwa ezempi kanye nemindeni yabo ngoba umsebenzi zokuhlala unomphela. iminyaka embalwa nje kamuva eChernobyl yaphinde yaba umuzi ochumayo.

NPP Ukwakhiwa

Lapho uhlela ukwakhiwa enuzi izitshalo amandla sahlola izindawo ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise ekhatsi Kiev, Vinnitsa futhi Zhitomir izifunda. Kodwa lesi simila sikhetha kule ndawo. Ingabe impendulo yombuzo othi "kungani eChernobyl ngokuthi EChernobyl"? Namanje isiprofetho? Kodwa konke prosaic okuningi. Kukhethwa wawela phezu eChernobyl, njengoba phansi kusayithi ikusasa esiteshini kwakucishe eyinyumba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wokuqukethwe lelisetulu zobumba enhlabathini avunyelwe ukuze kwakhiwe isakhiwo emikhulu namandla enuzi esiteshini. Village kwadingeka izidingo ukuphakelwa kwamanzi, okuhlangabezana zonke izidingo impambano zokuhamba, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, ukuhlinzeka sanitary Ukuvikelwa zone.

May 1970 - waqala ukwakhiwa ezinkulu. imishini Ukwakhiwa baqala ukumba umgodi isisekelo ikusasa ibutho lokuqala, ukwakhiwa eyaqedwa ngo-1977. Ngesikhathi esifanayo wakhushulelwa ke ukusebenzisa. Khona-ke, phakathi kuka-1978 no-1983, seziqediwe futhi wasungula amabhlogo osele, kuhlanganise elidumile wesine amandla iyunithi.

By the way, ingasaphathwa ukuthi elifanayo 1970 abameleli beqembu waqhutshelwa isikhonkwane esizeni esiteshini ikusasa satellite, emzini Pripyat. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwakhiwa, lonke idolobha lase kwenziwe parallel umsebenzi esiteshini.

Usuku ejwayelekile

EChernobyl, 26 April 1986. Ukuze izakhamuzi zedolobha, kwaba nomunye nje usuku abavamile. Kusihlwa, lapho NPP ukushiya elilandelayo komsebenzi shift bese kuza enye, esiteshini ikumodi yokusebenza ejwayelekile.

Abasebenzi sigqoke izimpahla zokusebenza, futhi wathatha izindawo zabo ngesikhathi izilawuli. Ngalolu suku, kwi lesine amandla iyunithi Kwahlelwa ukuba ophendulayo ophephela test "ukugudla". Isiphetho sendaba kwaba ukuhlola, kwadlula isikhathi esithile ngemva esiphuthumayo noma inhlekelele uma esiteshini uzokwazi ucisha ugesi ukulondoloza imisebenzi yabo ngenxa ukujikeleza asalile generator ophephela. izilingo abagadiwe esiteshini abakhulu unjiniyela NJENGOBA Iziqophamithi.

Ukuqhuma eChernobyl

Njengoba nje kwafika isikhathi, futhi zonke amalungiselelo adingekayo seziqediwe, waqala isivivinyo. Khona-ke laqala izenzakalo ezaholela nenhlekelele embi kabi. Ngenxa yezizathu ezingaziwa, amandla ophendulayo kwaba phansi kwamazinga okushisa aphansi kakhulu - megawatts 500, kuyilapho ukulawulwa engamiswanga amakhono ukuhlolwa kusuka megawatts 700 1,000. Iphutha yesibili nasuka izinduku graphite kancane kakhulu, ezisetshenziswa ukulawula ukuphendula. Ngesikhathi Ekuqhumeni nengaphakathi kwakunamabandla amane kuphela endaweni, ekugcineni okwaholela kuya okweqile ye ophendulayo futhi ukuqhuma yayo. uphenyo olwenziwa ngemva kwalokho eminyakeni eminingana isungule umklamo engafanele mfutho izinduku.

It yaphawula amaphuzu ambalwa ethize, okuyinto ndawonye kungaba isizathu ukuthi kukhona ingozi eChernobyl. manje Abantu abaningi babhekisela eminyakeni le ukuqhuma athomu, kodwa akunjalo. Explosion kwaba ukushisa, ngamandla amakhulu kangangokuthi ukuvikelwa ophendulayo (vesivshaya kakhulu ngendlela 500 amathani), sengathi isivalo embizeni, ngendiza emoyeni futhi abuyela.

Ukuqhuma eChernobyl isanda ngesilinganiso omkhulu. Uthukile, uhulumeni uye eside sifihla Ubukhulu yengozi kweqiniso. Kungaleso sikhathi kuphela lapho, lapho beqala ukuthola imiyalezo evela kwamanye amazwe mayelana ukwanda okukhulu kwezincwadi emisebeni yangemuva, ubuholi Soviet kwadingeka ukwamukela iqiniso ukuthi kukhona inhlekelele grand eChernobyl, alinganayo okuyinto wayengakabi emhlabeni.

Bendawo yengozi EChernobyl

Nge ukuqhuma ngokushesha Kushone abasebenzi 2 eChernobyl, kwaqhamuka esinye isikhulu 31 Wafa emasontweni ekuguleni ngemisebe. Kuzo zonke abasebenzi ababe ngesikhathi kwenzeka ingozi esiteshini, abantu 6 kuphela abasinda.

Ngokushesha enkundleni ukuthi kugqamuke amalangabi efika bomlilo, owabonisa ubuqhawe kweqiniso, isibindi nesibindI. Eqaphela ingozi yokufa, bema odongeni akhazimula umlilo enemisebe futhi ucime umlilo, naphezu ukusha amaningi futhi isimo eziya ziba zimbi nempilo. Eqinisweni, ziba izihlangu womuntu ngendlela izinto ezinemisebe elimazayo. izicishamlilo eziyisithupha tushivshih ilangabi enemisebe, wafa ukusha ne-acute emisebeni ukugula phakathi namasonto ambalwa ngemuva kwengozi.

Abashayeli izindiza ezinophephela emhlane kusukela emoyeni ziphonswe doti esihlabathini futhi boron Carbide, wokukucima izinsalela ophendulayo futhi onganikeli ngabo umlilo futhi.

Ososayensi, ngoba siqaphela ukuthi singakanani ingozi kuthiwa, bafeza ukuhlolwa ezidingekayo futhi izilinganiso ngqo endaweni wesihogo yenuzi Bendawo babe idatha olunembile yokuziphatha ephumelelayo decontamination.

Lapho ukusetha kabusha fonyaschih izingcezu amarobhothi elisetshenziswa nengaphakathi banayo semali emisebeni nje bazishisa zonke chips. Khona-ke kwadingeka ngisebenze amasosha owaliphonsa doti ngokuwa nengaphakathi usebenzisa abakuthola abavamile.

Odokotela, namaphoyisa, amasosha, abasebenzi, abavukuzi basezimayini, abashayeli, abacwaningi - a ukuvalwa Imininingwane yahanjelwa abantu abangaphezu kuka-600 eziyinkulungwane iminyaka eminingi. Inhlekelele eChernobyl, ngaphandle kwetisebenti tahulumende, idonse abangaphezu kwesigidi amavolontiya asiza imisebenzi ukubhekana ebuhlungu yale ngozi. Abantu usule ihlathi nemithi ezilimele ashiswa, elahliwe ezimayini enemisebe umhlaba, waphuzisa ezizungezile ukuze kuncishiswe izinga lemisebe wayesiza sibaleka, usizo lokuqala.

Ngemva kwaleyo ngozi,

imithombo Esemthethweni bathula mayelana isikali kweqiniso ka kwenzeka le nhlekelele yaseChernobyl kanye ukuqothulwa imiphumela engokoqobo. Ngosuku olulandelayo, edolobheni ezazihlala empilweni yalo evamile. Okuphakelayo bendawo baphuthuma emakethe, abafundi esikoleni, umuntu waya eholidini ehlathini noma emfuleni, abaningi ngakwesokunxele dachas. A ikhefi, izitolo, zokubukela amabhayisikobho, Wedding Palace. Le ngozi, yebo, ayikwazanga abayiqapheli izakhamuzi ezivamile, kodwa bambalwa kakhulu abantu baqonde isikali kweqiniso futhi sebuhlaziyiwe kungenzeka nemiphumela ebuhlungu ngenxa yokuqhuma kwebhomu. Labo waqonda ngokushesha nomkhaya wakhe washiya umuzi. Iningi liye wazizwa ukukhathazeka kuphela uma komuzi aba ukuya futhi nisela eziseceleni ngamanzi ukunciphisa ngemuva ngemisebe.

Kuphela ngosuku olulandelayo kwamenyezelwa ukuthi kunesidingo esiphuthumayo ukuba bawushiye lowo muzi elinegciwane. Khona-ke, mhlawumbe, abaningi kanye ukucabanga, kungani eChernobyl ... eChernobyl okuthiwa ezingaphezu kuka-500 eziyinkulungwane komuzi athathwa emabhasini 1000. EU.SSR akazange awukhumbule ngisho esiphuthumayo le ezidlula.

Pripyat edolobheni elinabantu ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane 70. Man ushiyiwe indaba amahora. Ngo parallel, kwakukhona kuhlengwe emizaneni, ezinye zazo kamuva wabhubhisa, futhi izinsalela zabo bangcwatshwe, hhayi ukusakaza ngemisebe. Ekuqaleni, ukuze ugweme ukwethuka, etshela abantu ukuba bahambe ngesikhathi, nakuba ososayensi kanye lempi waqaphela ukuthi lapha akasekho ukubuya.

ukukhishwa zone

Autumn, eChernobyl ngo-1986. Ngemva doti isuswe, futhi endaweni ezungezile iye disinfected ngangokunokwenzeka, kwaqala umsebenzi into "Shelter", eyaziwa ngokuthi i- "sarcophagus". Ngalo kamuva zaphumelela ukufaka ngesinyelela ukuvala eziyingozi ngokuya emisebeni ophendulayo №4 doti. Umsebenzi ekuqiniseni insiza eziphuthumayo nemisebenzi decontamination abazenzi kuze kube yilolu suku.

Ensimini ka ososayensi eChernobyl zivela emhlabeni wonke ukufunda imiphumela amazinga okukhishwa ezibucayi emisebeni ku eziphilayo, ukuthuthukisa izindlela ekuqedeni imiphumela iziqhumane zasemkhathini.

Emhlabeni esiteshini, kwakhiwa indawo ekhethekile ukuthi wonke umuntu namuhla njengoba indawo okungayi ezaziwayo. Sekukonke ke waba yizinqamu ezintathu: eyokuqala - esiteshini ngqo emzini Pripyat, wesibili ethumba iningi nasemizaneni, nasezinqabeni iringi zokugcina esiqhutshwa emzini endaweni eChernobyl.

Nemiphumela emibi eChernobyl ukuqhuma

Wahlupheka yibo bonke ababambe iqhaza ekucwileni ezikweletini yingozi yaseChernobyl. Amashumi ezinkulungwane zabantu ngokusebenzisa isikhathi abaye babulawa ngemithamo ngokweqile emisebeni, abaningi ukhubazeka. Eminyakeni eyalandela, izibalo waphawula okwanda ngokwempilo yangenyama umdlavuza, lube buthaka jikelele impilo zesizwe. Lokhu okusezingeni eliphezulu lokufa kubangelwa, okokuqala kunakho konke, ukuthuthwa kwabantu ngenxa yengozi ngasekupheleni abahlali, ukunganaki lobugebengu kanye connivance phezu ingxenye izikhulu, isifiso ukuthulisa bese ufihle iqiniso.

Namuhla, EChernobyl - into ezokuvakasha kakhulu

Indlela yokuphila namuhla eChernobyl? Izithombe uqinisekise ukuthi le - indawo ezingaphili namahloni nesizungu. Yiqiniso, nasemizini okwamanje ehlala abantu abasebenza indawo okungayi. Lapha kuba kwelinye lamahhovisi MOE.

umsebenzi inhlangano "EChernobyl - uhambo" izivakashi kakhulu. Lapha ungakwazi ukubhuka usuku noma izinsuku ezimbalwa uhambo oluya indawo okungayi. Kukhona ungathatha emphathele incwajana enesihloko esithi "eChernobyl. Umlando edolobheni ", echaza kafushane esidlule nezamanje komnikazi.

Abasebenzisi angabona amehlo abo indawo lapho eminyakeni eminingi edlule, Wephula elinye izigemegeme enkulu yekhulu lamashumi amabili, hhayi kuphela, kodwa lonke emlandweni Russia. Kukhona efakwe esiveza abazinikezele nobuqhawe walwa ilangabi ku bomlilo ophendulayo. Phakathi edolobheni usebenza St Elias Church, lapho minyaka yonke ngo-April 26 kwisevisi emikhulu ezisenkumbulweni bonke abahlukunyezwe yingozi yaseChernobyl.

Izivakashi angahamba yonke eChernobyl, izithombe avunyelwe ukwenza ngaphandle kwemingcele. Ngoba umuntu lolu hambo - nje ukwaneliseka ngenxa yelukuluku, othile - intela heroes esiwile ubufakazi kanjani enhlekeleleni kungaba "ngokuthula" athomu.