Impi waseSiriya (impi yombango Syria): izimbangela, amalungu zinqobe

Impi waseSiriya sekuqhubeke iminyaka ecishe ibe ngu-4 iminyaka. Le mpi ingenye zokuchitheka kwegazi okukhulu kunakho ekhulwini lama-21. Izisulu zala empini eSiriya, amakhulu ezinkulungwane, abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezimbili ngonyaka baye zibe ababaleki. Kulesi ukungqubuzana abathintekayo emazweni amaningi. Naphezu kwemizamo komphakathi weentjhabatjhaba ukuvumelanisa wonke amaqembu alwayo, ekulweni usaqhubeka, kanye nokuvumelana esikhathini esizayo esiseduze is bazicabange.

ukungqubuzana INGEMUVA

Syria kumephu wezwe ugxila 87 endaweni th esikalini zensimu. Ngasekuqaleni kuka-2011 kuleli zwe baphila cishe abayizigidi ezingu-20 abantu. Iningi labantu Sunni. Futhi, amaKristu futhi Alawites ivezwa kahle, futhi okuyizinto amandla kuleli zwe. Ngo enyakatho nasempumalanga umSiriya Kurds siphile, ngubani bangamaSulumane.

Uhulumeni iyona Baath Party, okuyinto esetshenziswa kubuswe futhi Iraq (kuze kokugumbuqelwa Saddam Hussein ngo-US amabutho). Zonke elite amandla cishe ngokuphelele yakhiwa Alawites. Izwe has eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-50 eziqhutshwa isimo esiphuthumayo, okuyinto kuvinjelwe ezinye kwenkululeko civil. Ngo-2010, Syria uye kuyachichima nesimo esibucayi sina. Baningi abantu baphelelwa imisebenzi, ukuphepha komphakathi iye yawohloka. Ngesikhathi esifanayo emazweni angomakhelwane kakade ngokugcwele Ukufutheka "Arab Spring".

Ngo nje kwezinyanga ezimbalwa ngaphambi ukushayisana ukuphikiswa wokuqala owaqhutshelwa imibhikisho eziningana. Okudinga kubo zihlukile, futhi ukuziphatha ababhikishi kwaba esithile sokuthula ezweni lakithi. Kodwa ngalesi sikhathi i-United States ne-European Union aseqalile ngenkuthalo umxhasi amabutho sezombusazwe kuleliya lizwe, ababe ngokumelene umbuso Bashar al-Assad. Assad leliya lizwe kusukela ngo-2000.

Indima ebalulekile ekuqaleni izibhelu mass kudlalwa ezihlukahlukene zokuxhumana. Ngo-January, ingxenye umAram "Facebook" waba ngokoqobo waphuphuma izingcingo ukuze imiboniso emelene nohulumeni mhlaka-4 Febhuwari. Aphikisayo ngokuthi lolo suku "Suku Lwezindaba Ulaka". A lweli Assad wawuthi ekuphathweni yokuxhumana ekuvimbeni umphakathi pro-uhulumeni ngamabomu.

Ukuqala yokukhuphuka

Ekupheleni ubusika emadolobheni amaningi izinkulungwane zabantu abhikisha emigwaqweni. Azizange zimunye izimfuno zabo babheke ngokusebenzisa Yiqiniso ecacile. Kodwa lokhu kwashintsha kakhulu lapho ababhikishi amaphoyisa kuleya izimpi abanolaka. Ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa ngiqala ukuthola ulwazi mayelana namaphoyisa efile. Lezi zenzakalo ophoqelelwe Assad afeze ukugqugquzela olungaphelele amabutho ahlomile futhi sigxile kuzo eduze izindawo ukuphikiswa ukuminyana.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, iqembu eliphikisayo singafuna ukusekela West kanye Gulf. Iqala ukwakheka "Mahhala Army umSiriya." Ngo backbone yayo siqukethe abamele zezombusazwe iphiko ababhikishi ashiye umSiriya Armed Forces. Imali etholakele ngaphandle, amaqembu aphikisayo ahlomile elwa. Entwasahlobo ka-2011 uqale izibhelu lokuqala elihlomile.

I Islamization kokungqubuzana

Endaweni ethile ngo-Ephreli, ukuphikiswa Islamists olukhulu axhunyiwe. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, ukuhlaselwa kwenzeka. Idelakufa elingaziwa ubulala nezikhulu ezinezikhundla eziphezulu yebutho le-Siriya. Kanye nombutho wezempi imibutho yezokuphepha wezwe baqale imisebenzi izincwadi eziningana ezimelene nalokhu kuphikiswa. Mahhala Army yaseSiriya ithumba ezindaweni eziningana ezinkulu. Bakhandwa ngokushesha ivinjelwe Assad amabutho. Ezindaweni engalawuliwe kucishwa ugesi namanzi. Izimpi lokuqala sina ezenzeka eDamaseku. uhulumeni eSyria enquma ukulahla ukusetshenziswa ibutho njalo, futhi enlists kosizo mobile amabutho ezikhethekile. Ngokushesha ukuqeda amathambo amaqembu ahlomile, ngemva kwalokho kukhona Ukusincwela oqondile. Izenzo ezinjalo ayakhokhela - ezindaweni abaningi emuva ngaphansi kolawulo uhulumeni.

Endaweni efanayo, futhi izinguquko zombusazwe. Bashar Asad athalalise iKhabhinethi amise ukhetho ekuseni. Noma kunjalo, impi waseSiriya uyaqhubeka izoba namandla. Damascus kancane bekwi-ukuphikiswa, esebenzisa ukuzibulala ekuhlaseleni ukulwa uhulumeni.

kokungenela angaphandle

Ekupheleni kuka-2011, impi waseSiriya ngokuya ku maphakathi ukunakwa abezindaba Western. Inani lamazwe sebeqala ukuba asize leli qembu. EU ne-US eziphoqelelwe unswinyo ngokumelene neSiriya, kunciphise imali yezwe esuka uwoyela yokuthengisa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amakhosi ohlanga arabic iqondiswa ukuhweba ukuvimbela. Arabia, Qatar, Turkey nakwamanye amazwe sebeqala axhase futhi ingalo Mahhala Army. Isimo somnotho uwohloka ngokushesha, ngoba ingxenye enkulu izimali, ngaphezu namanye amazwe, baletha emkhakheni wezokuvakasha.

Omunye emazweni wokuqala obala angenele impi waseSiriya, kuba Turkey. Inikeza usizo ezempi kanye ithumela amakhansela ukuphikiswa. Futhi ukuletha nokubhonywa lokuqala izikhundla kuhulumeni yebutho eSyria. Impendulo yavela ngokushesha. Assad uphaka ohlelweni lwaso ukuzivikela indawo emoyeni, okuyinto wadutshulwa phansi walilwela Turkish. Bashar yena uthi ilungele inkhulumomphendvulwano nawo wonke amaqembu, kodwa akaqondi ukuthi kungani impi Syria kangaka exinwe United States nakwamanye amazwe.

Siza Assad umbuso

Ngu nobusika 2012 kwaba kakade kucace ukuthi impi waseSiriya iyimpi agcwele. Call of ukusiza uhulumeni yaseSiriya basabela kubangane bawo osekukade, okuyinto, ngemuva "Arab Spring" uhlala okungaka. Iran ubelokhu engumsizi omkhulu Assad. Islamic Republic ithumele abeluleki lwebutho isevisi IRGC idume ukuqeqeshwa nabezempi. Okokuqala, uhulumeni bashiya lo mbono, wesaba ukuthi amaqembu paramillitaristskie engalawuliwe ngeke kuphela ukuqinisa ukushuba emphakathini. Kodwa ngemva kokushona izindawo ezinkulu enyakatho iyaqala zingakuqeda yini ukuhlonyiswa ngezikhali "Shabiha" (kusuka Arabic - yisithunzi). Lokhu abezempi akhethekile bazithoba ukuze Assad.

Futhi kusukela Iran nakwamanye amazwe sifike Abashokobezi "Hezbollah". Lokhu kubhekwa inhlangano yamaphekula emazweni amaningana eYurophu nase-United States. Abameleli beNdikimba "Party of Allah" (i-kuhunyushwa "Hezbollah") kukhona Islamist Shiite. Babehlanganyela zonke izimpi ezinkulu, ngoba Ziningi nesipiliyoni zempi. I zinqobe likubona liye labavusa ukushisekela ubuzwe zomphakathi e izakhamuzi eziningi engxenyeni esentshonalanga ye-Aramu. Baqala ngenkuthalo bajoyina amaqembu proasadovskim paramilitary. Ezinye units lamaKhomanisi.

I-umlando impi yombango Syria libonisa ngokucacile ukuthi yokukhuphuka ngobukhulu okwenzeka ngemva kokuba ama ekuqaleni kokungenela angaphandle. Ngo-2013, endaweni Shamy (igama wendabuko aseSiriya) wawuhlukaniswe waba yizingxenye eziningana. impi eshubile ukwesaba inzondo phakathi kwabantu, esiye saholela ukudalwa amaqembu amaningi ahlukene, abaningi babo abasuke belwa kwawo, khona-ke ngakolunye.

LIH

Ngo-2014, izwe efundile le nhlangano amaphekula "Islamic State of Iraq kanye baseLevant". Leli qembu yavela eminyakeni engaphezu 10 edlule, ngemva kokuhlasela amabutho US e-Iraq. Okokuqala, kungenxa igatsha al-Qaeda kanye kwadingeka azinalo ithonya sina. Uma sempi yezikhali Syria waqala athole umfutho, LIH ethumba insimu Iraq futhi Shamy. Imithombo uxhaso abizwa ngokuthi izikhulu Arabian. uhlangothi Serious empini LIH kwaba ngemva ukuthunjwa Mosul.

Ukuze wenze lokhu, kwathatha kubo fighters eziyizinkulungwane ezimbalwa kuphela. Abantu abangaba ngu-800 wangena endaweni yomuzi kanye wavukela ngesikhathi esifanayo lapho kuqala ngaphandle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ehlobo lika-2014 LIH ethumba kukhona nezindawo eziningi endaweni of Mosul, futhi ememezela ukusungulwa kwe-sompristi. Nge nokumela enamandla LIH abaqashwayo abasekeli ezivela emhlabeni wonke. Kulinganiselwa ahlukahlukene, inani lamasosha ungakwazi ukufinyelela abantu abayizinkulungwane 200. Ngemva ukuthunjwa cishe ingxenye yesithathu Syria ezizivelelayo waqala ukubiza ngokwabo nje "State Islamic", kuhloswe ukwakhiwa sompristi emhlabeni wonke.

I IG ukulwa ngenkuthalo usebenzisa ukholo okuthiwa - ukuzibulala. Isikimu esezingeni kuhlaselwa base isitha iqala lokhu kuhlasela. Ngemva kwalokho, baqala ukuhlasela Islamists ngosizo ukukhanya izimoto armored futhi SUV. IG futhi kwenza bekholelwa impi yabashokobezi edonse, ehlasela lamasosha nezakhamuzi ngezihluthu ekhaya. Ngokwesibonelo, e-Iraq kukhona "abazingeli Raafidis". Oshayasibhamu ngigqoke ukuma wezempi Iraq futhi ahlele ahlasele amalungu abaphathi kanye nabanye abadlali. Izisulu ukwazi ukuthi bawela ezandleni Islamists, kuphela ngemuva kokuthwebula yakhe.

Nakuba IG izenzo ensimini ka emazweni amaningi, abahlaziyi uyavuma ukuthi ukudalwa iqembu elinjalo kuyinto impi waseSiriya ikhiqize. Izizathu abizwa ngokuthi ezahlukene. Inguqulo evamile - kuyisifiso yamakhosi asePheresiya ukunweba usithonye eMpumalanga Ephakathi.

ubuphekula International

"Isimo Islamic" icala ezihlukahlukene kwamaphekula e izingxenye ezihlukahlukene zomhlaba. Bangaphezu kuka-80 abantu base-izisulu babulawa ngemuva kokuhlasela okwenzeke ehhotela e Tunisia. Ekwindla ka-2015 ngenhloso namabutho kwaba France. Ukuhlaselwa ibhodi isihloko we umagazini "Charly Edbo", okuyinto ishicilelwe opopayi of the Prophet Muhammad, kwaba isihloko phezulu abezindaba emhlabeni. UHulumeni French uye waqinisekisa ukuthi ngemva kokuhlasela kwamaphekula uyothatha izinyathelo engakaze ibonwe ezokuphepha. Kodwa naphezu kwalokhu, ngo-November eParis waphinde ehlaselwa. Amaqembu athile okuhleliwe ukuqhuma sokudubula kunezinxushunxushu emigwaqweni. Ngenxa ngokushona kwabantu abangu-130, ezingaphezu kuka-300 balimala kabi.

Okthoba 31 iSinayi iphahlazeka indiza yaseRussia. Ngenxa yalokho, kwafa abantu 224. ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa nabezindaba bakwamanye amazwe kubika mayelana le nhlekelele, lo behlukanisa "isimo Islamic" umangalele umthwalo sigameko.

Indima Kurdistan

Kurds - yilokho abantu abayizigidi ezingu-30 e-Middle East. Bangabakhe inzalo izizwe abakhuluma Iranian. Iningi Kurds - amaSulumane ngokulinganisela. Imiphakathi eminingi Kurdish siphile njengoba umphakathi wokuziphilisa. Futhi, iphesenti elikhulu lamaKristu namalungu zezinye izinkolo. I Kurds banezidingo isimo sabo ezimele, kodwa indawo zokuhlala kwabo ngokwesiko ngokuthi Kurdistan. Syria ebalazweni Kurdistan oludlala khona enkulu indima.

Kurds uvame ukubizwa ngokuthi umuntu wesithathu empini yombango yaseSiriya. Iqiniso ukuthi lesi sizwe iminyaka eminingi komshikashika ukuzimela. Kusukela ekuqaleni inhlekelele 2011, ingxenye Kurds asekelwe imiboniso emelene nohulumeni. Njengoba sekunama-the IG endaweni Kurdish wasongelwa lungabanjwa. ezizivelelayo Islamic kabuhlungu kakhulu abantu balapha, okuyinto samenta ahileleke kakhulu uchungechunge "Peshmerga". zokwakheka Lokhu zokuzithandela of ethandwa ukuzivikela.

Ayakujabulela ukuqonywa ukwesekwa eside kusukela lonke Kurdistan. Workers 'Party, okuyinto ethatha ensimini ka-Turkey, njalo ithumela amavolontiya kanye nosizo lwezimali. -Turks ukukhuthalele benenkinga le nhlangano, ngoba esongela ubuqotho wezwe indawo. Idlanzana Kurdish elakha 20% abantu sebebonke Turkey. Futhi zisho amazwi separatist kuyovama phakathi kwalo. Ingxenye enkulu amaqembu Kurdish abathi ukubukwa leftist noma olukhulu lamaKhomanisi ukuthi musa angena ubuzwe isilinganiso sangaphakathi uMongameli Erdogan. Ngo kwababusi Peshmerga ukuza njalo amavolontiya leftist kusukela EU amazwe (ikakhulukazi kweJalimane neSpain) neRussia. Laba bantu unganqikazi ukunikeza izingxoxo emaphephandzabeni Western. Izintatheli bavame ukubuza ukuthi kungani impi Syria buye baphoqa abantu abasha ukushiya emazweni abo. Ngaleso amadoda anomthwalo wemfanelo iziqubulo elikhulu neziphakamiso mayelana "emzabalazweni global isigaba sabasebenzi."

US Indima: Syria impi

kukhona impi enkulu okunjalo akakwazanga ukumsiza kodwa ukubamba iso-United States of America. I akuxhomekile amabutho NATO isikhathi eside uhlala e-Iraq. Kusukela ekuqaleni kokuntengantenga States enikeziwe asisekela kakhulu ekuphikisweni yaseSiriya. Libuye omunye unswinyo lokuqala eziphoqelelwe emelene nohulumeni Assad. Ngo-2013, abantu baseMelika wakhuluma mayelana nokwenzeka ehlasela ngokuqondile usebenzisa iqembu ezweni, kodwa maqede wasishiya dengwane umbono ecindezelwa Russia.

Ngo-2014, e-United States njengengxenye sokusebenzisana antiterrorist waqala ngamabhomu izikhundla Islamic State. Eduze Syria ingenye umbimbi eyinhloko amaMelika eMpumalanga - Turkey. abezempi Kurdish usegxeke ngokuphindaphindiwe kokuhlasela womanyano ku izikhundla zabo ezicashe ukuhlaselwa IG.

Syria ukungqubuzana: indima waseRussia

IRussia futhi eyayihilelekile yombango kusukela buqala. ERussia e Syria uwukuphela enkanjini. Futhi uhulumeni Assad isungule kobungane nobudlelwane, okuyinto ukudlulisa kusukela esikhathini ye-USSR. Russia, kanye North Korea, Iran Venisueloy, basekelwe wezempi kwamabutho kahulumeni. Konke lokhu kwenziwa ukuze silondoloze ukuthula esifundeni. Ngo-2014, laseRussia aqala ngayo isinyathelo Sham. Emavikini ambalwa nje ukuthi kakhulu anda khona lempi.

isiphetho

Ingqikithi impi waseSiriya ukuzama uthi angaphandle ukulondoloza noma ukuthuthukisa isikhundla salo eMpumalanga Ephakathi. Isimo Islamic ngokuvamile iba kuphela ibhaxa isingeniso amabutho ukuya eSiriya. Kodwa le lowo oyimbangela yangempela isitha imibuso friendly esifundeni. kungenziwa Kuleli qophelo embhalweni kulwiwa ihlukaniswe 3 amandla sina ukuthi ngeke siyinqobe futhi abaqondile ukulahlekelwa. Ngakho-ke, le mpi uzoqhubeka isikhathi eside.