Eastern izizwe Slavic nomakhelwane babo: umlando, izici amaqiniso athakazelisayo

Ingxenye ingqikithi abantu Slavic, bazinza ekuqaleni kweNkathi Ephakathi, indawo yakwa-East European Plain, ezakhiwe iqembu izizwe East Slavic (zingabantu luhluke eningizimu nasentshonalanga lwamaSlav). Lokhu nhlanganisela eceleni eziningi nabantu abahlukahlukene.

Ukuvela Eastern lwamaSlav

emivubukulweni yanamuhla anazo zonke izinto ezidingekayo ukuze aqokomise imininingwane lapho nendlela abangaphila Eastern izizwe Slavic kanye nomakhelwane babo. Kanjani ukwakha ekuseni umphakathi medieval? Ngisho ngezikhathi zamaRoma le Slavic isilinganiso ixazululwe ngoba Vistula futhi Dniestre engenhla. Kusuka lapha waqala kwenqubo yokwakhiwa kwamakoloni empumalanga - insimu yase Russia yesimanje nase-Ukraine.

I V futhi VII cc. AmaSlav ahlala Dnieper, side by side nge Antes. Ekhulwini VIII, ngenxa esinamandla entsha kufuduka wave kumiswa elinye isiko - Romny. abathwali zalo zazikunye northerners. Lezi izizwe Slavic Eastern nomakhelwane babo ixazululwe amachibi Seym emifuleni Desna futhi Sula. Okunye "izihlobo" yobuso babo ewumngcingo efakiwe. Northerners bazinza copses namasimu, usike emahlathini nasemaxhaphozini.

Ikoloni we iVolga and Oka

Ekhulwini VI, waqala kwenqubo yokwakhiwa kwamakoloni Eastern lwamaSlav ikusasa Russian North futhi phakathi iVolga kanye Oka. Lapha ababaleki ibhekene amaqembu amabili omakhelwane - the Balts kanye Finno-Ugric. Eyokuqala mpumalanga wathutha krivichi. Akha Elingenhla iVolga. North ngesinyenyela Ilmen Slovenes, eyasala esifundeni White Lake. Babhekana Pomorie. Futhi ilmentsy ixazululwe Pool Mologa futhi iVolga Yaroslavl. Ndawonye nezinhlanga elixutshwe namasiko.

Eastern izizwe Slavic nomakhelwane babo wabelane eMoscow owayephila kanye Ryazan Region. Kwakukhona bamakoloni vyatichi, ngezinga elincane - the northerners futhi radzimichy. Ingabe okunikelwe Don lwamaSlav. Vyatichi safinyelela Prony emfuleni, sahlala loMfula eMfuleni eMoscow. Isici nobuntu lezi abanikazi bamakoloni babe izindandatho ethempelini. Ngokusho kwakhe, abavubukuli baye bathola futhi Vyatichi endaweni Izindawo. Northeast Russia bakhangwa ababaleki esitebeleni base wezolimo nemithombo yeMibuso uboya, wayeseyitholile kuhlulekile kwezinye izingxenye Slavic zokuhlala. Abantu bendawo - Mer (Finno-Ugric) - ambalwa futhi ngokushesha wanyamalala phakathi lwamaSlav noma baxoshwa yibo enyakatho.

omakhelwane Eastern

Populating sifinyelela engenhla iVolga, lwamaSlav baba omakhelwane we iVolga baseBulgaria. Babehlala ensimini ka Tatarstan yesimanje. Arabhu kubhekwa abantu babo Northerly eziningi zomhlaba, ukuzijayeza Islam. Inhloko-dolobha ye umbuso iVolga Bulgars okwakuseduze layo umuzi Bulgaria Omkhulu. Fort yakhe namanje emi. izibhelu Military phakathi iVolga baseBulgaria futhi amaSlav empumalanga waqala inkathi eyodwa, Russia eyodwa, lapho inkampani yakhe uyekile ngokucophelela zamaKhosi. Ukungqubuzana alternated nge izinkathi zokuthula. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukuhweba imali eningi ngomfula omkhulu waletha imali ezisemqoka zombili.

Izindawo Eastern izizwe Slavic ku kwemingcele yayo empumalanga nazo wangcwatshwa endaweni eyayihlala Khazars. Laba bantu, efana iVolga baseBulgaria kwaba Turkic. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, le Khazars babengamaJuda, ukuthi kwakuwumyalezo engavamile-Europe wesimanje. Bona elawulwa indawo okukhulu kusukela Don ukuba yoLwandle iCaspian. Inhliziyo le Khazar Khanate ubekade sifinyelela engezansi iVolga, lapho eduze Astrakhan yesimanje lapho Khazar inhlokodolobha Itil.

omakhelwane Western

Umngcele wentshonalanga komnikazi Eastern lwamaSlav kubhekwe naseVolyn. Kusukela lapho Dnieper wahlala Duleby - umfelandawonye zezizwe eziningana. Archeologists nibhekane ke isiko ePrague-korchak. Ubumbano lwezinhlangano kuhlanganisiwe Volhynians, drevlyans, Dregovichi futhi evulekile. Ekhulwini VII, bona zasinda ekuhlaseleni Avar.

Eastern izizwe Slavic nomakhelwane babo esifundeni wahlala ezindaweni asemaqeleni. West iqala endaweni Western lwamaSlav, okokuqala nabasePoland. Ubudlelwano nabo sawohloka ngemva kokudalwa kuka-Russia nase-Vladimir Svyatoslavich ukwamukelwa Lobu-Orthodox. I nabasePoland babhapathizwe emkhubeni lamaKatolika. Phakathi kwabo empumalanga lwamaSlav kwakuwumqansa hhayi kuphela naseVolyn, kodwa futhi Galicia.

Umzabalazo ne Pechenegs

Eastern lwamaSlav esikhathini sezizwe zakwa yobuqaba zehlulekile ikoloni esifundeni Black Sea. Lapha uphela lo okuthiwa "asemaqeleni Elikhulu" Liyini - asemaqeleni zone, etholakala inhliziyo Eurasia. Black Sea esifundeni bakhangwa ezihlukahlukene abayimizulane. Ekhulwini IX lapho esezinzile Pechenegs. Lezi izindimbane ophilayo phakathi Russia, eBulgaria, eHungary futhi Alan.

Ezingxenyeni woLwandle Olumnyama, wabhubhisa emaqeleni Pechenegs ixazululwe isiko. Wanyamalala Transnistrian Slavic (Tivertsy) kanye Don Alani. Esikhathini X leminyaka baqala eziningi Russian-Pecheneg impi. Asikwazanga ukuthola kanye nabanye ngamunye izizwe Slavic Eastern kanye nomakhelwane babo. UKUSETSHENZISWA Bajanaks okhokhela kakhulu ukunakwa, okuyinto akumangazi. Lezi abayimizulane ezinolaka wahlala kuphela ngenxa kuphangwa futhi abangu kuhlukumeza abantu of Kiev ne Pereyaslavets. Ekhulwini XI endaweni yabo kwafika isitha esesabekayo nakakhulu - Polovtsy.

AmaSlav kule Don

LwamaSlav waqala bakamalalahlengezela ukuthuthukisa Isilinganiso Don esifundeni ekuqa- le VIII - IX eminyaka. Ngalesi sikhathi lapho avele izikhumbuzo Borshevsky isiko. izimfanelo zayo ebaluleke kakhulu (zobumba, ubudlelwane, yokukhulekela iminonjana) sikhombisa ukuthi Don bamakoloni babevela eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeYurophu. Don lwamaSlav babengezona northerners noma vyatichi, abacwaningi Kusolwa kuze kube muva nje. Ekhulwini IX ngenxa kokuziphatha labantu sandile phakathi kwabo babe nesiko yokungcwaba yokungcwaba, owawungumnyaka vyatichskomu ezifanayo.

Esikhathini X leminyaka lwamaSlav Russian nomakhelwane babo esifundeni basinda okuzingela kuphangwa Pechenegs. Abaningi bagoduka babuya kuya Don esifundeni Pooche. Yingakho singase sithi izwe Ryazan ugcwale nhlangothi zombili - kusukela emaqeleni eningizimu nasentshonalanga. Ukubuya lwamaSlav ku Don umcengezi kwaba kuphela ekhulwini XII. Kule ndawo, eningizimu ye bamakoloni entsha lifikile echibini Bityug emfuleni futhi yingcweti ngokuphelele pool Voronezh River.

Eceleni Balts kanye Finno-Ugric

izizwe Slavic Radimichi Vyatichi futhi side by side nge Balts - izakhamuzi zanamuhla eLithuania, eLatvia nase-Estonia. namasiko abo sengisilethe ezinye izici ezivamile. Lokhu akusona isimanga. Eastern izizwe Slavic nomakhelwane babo, ngamafuphi, hhayi kuphela ithengiswe, kodwa futhi bathonya ethnogenesis nomunye. Ngokwesibonelo, e-nemizana of Vyatichi abavubukuli baye bathola engokwemvelo ezinye izizwe ezihlobene entanyeni hryvnia.

A uhlobo isiko lwesiSlavic isungule emhlabeni Balts kanye Finno-Ugric abantu endaweni iChibi Pskov. Kwakukhona eside kushaft-like ezindundumeni, owathatha ngemva zokungcwaba. eyakhelwe okunjalo izizwe kuphela wendawo East Slavic kanye nomakhelwane babo. Umlando ukuthuthukiswa emasikweni emingcwabo kwenza ochwepheshe kahle ukubazi esidlule LabeZizwe. Pskov okhokho eyakhelwe phansi Log izakhiwo kanye izitofu noma adobe Ohhavini (kuphambene nesiko eningizimu nengxenye-dugouts). Futhi wahlanganyela abayisebenzisayo yokugawula ezishile ezolimo. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi Pskov barrows eside lasakazekela Podvinye Polotsk futhi Smolensk Dnieper. Lezi izifunda ithonya Balts kwakunamandla ngokukhethekile.

Ithonya omakhelwane zenkolo izinganekwane

Njengezinye izizwe eziseMpumalanga Yurophu, eMpumalanga lwamaSlav ephila ngokuvumelana wezinzalamizi clan uhlelo. Ngenxa yalokhu, beza asekelwe sehlelo umndeni futhi inkolo umngcwabo. AmaSlav babe namaqaba. Onkulunkulu ebaluleke kakhulu onkulunkulu babo kubhekwe Perun, Mokosh futhi Veles. Ezinganekwaneni Slavic bathonya amaCelt Iran (Sarmatians, AmaSkithe Alans). Lezi ukufana kwakubukiswa izithombe onkulunkulu. Ngakho, Dazhbog afana Celtic unkulunkulu Dagda futhi Mokosh efana Maha.

Thina inokuningi lwamaSlav ezivamile lobuqaba futhi omakhelwane bawo e-izinkolelo. Umlando Baltic izinganekwane ushiye amagama alabo nkulunkulu Perkunas (Perun) kanye Velnyasa (Velez). I motif kwesihlahla emhlabeni futhi nokuba khona Dragon (Snake Gorynycha) kuletha izinganekwane Slavic futhi amaNorseman. Ngemva umphakathi owodwa lahlukaniswa laba izizwe eziningana, izinkolelo waqala ukuthola umehluko zesifunda. Ngokwesibonelo, izakhamuzi Oka futhi iVolga amandla ethonya eziyingqayizivele izinganekwane we Finno-Ugric abantu.

Ubugqila lwamaSlav empumalanga

Ngokusho version olusemthethweni, e lwamaSlav empumalanga, ubugqila base evamile ekuqaleni kweNkathi Ephakathi. Iziboshwa zathathwa, njengenjwayelo, empini. Ngokwesibonelo, abalobi Arabhu zangaleso sikhathi wagomela ngokuthi Eastern lwamaSlav bazibamba izinceku eziningi ezimpini ne baseHungary (Magyars futhi, esikhundleni salokho, sathathwa njengesigqila ethunjwa lwamaSlav). Lesi sizwe kwaba osesimweni. Hungarian ngokuzalwa - the Finno-Ugric abantu. Bona bafudukela entshonalanga athatha indawo emhlabeni lifinyelela phakathi iDanube. Ngakho, abantu baseHungary abangu ncamashi phakathi lwamaSlav aseningizimu, esempumalanga nengxenye esentshonalanga. Kule ndaba kunempi njalo.

LwamaSlav awudayise izigqila eByzantium, Bulgaria noma iVolga Khazaria. Nakuba abaningi babo lalinabashumayeli labo ezithwetshulwe izimpi abangabazi, ekhulwini VIII zaziyizigqila phakathi kwezihlobo zabo. Slav ungase uthole ebugqilini ngenxa ubugebengu noma ukwephulwa kwemazinga ekutiphatsa.

Abasekeli izinguqulo ezahlukene ukuvikela ngombono wakhe, owawuthi eRussia ebugqilini njengoba enjalo wayengekho. Kunalokho, kula mazwe izigqila wafuna ngoba lapha wonke umuntu, okwase kubhekwe khulula, ngokuba ubuqaba Slavic akuyona lingcweliswe unfreedom (izigqila, ubugqila) nokungalingani emphakathini.

AmaViking futhi Novgorod

I sibonelo Omdala isimo Russian eladabuka Novgorod. It yasungulwa Ilmen Slovenes. Kwaze kwaba sekhulwini IX, indaba yabo ngempela eyayivela nokubi ezaziwayo. Eduze kubo wahlala amaViking, okuyinto ezincwadini zomlando ezalotshwa Western ngokuthi amaViking.

ZaseScandinavia ngezikhathi ngilinqobile amakhosi Ilmen Slovenes futhi ziphoqelelwe ukuba bakhokhe intela. izakhamizi Novgorod baye bafuna ukuvikela abantu bezinye izizwe abavela kwezinye omakhelwane, sasinjani igama izinduna zabo ukubusa ekhaya. Ngakho osebeni Volkhov weza Rurik. Esikhundleni sakhe Oleg yanqoba Kiev futhi wabeka izisekelo Old isimo Russian.