Ukuvela wekuba sive e lwamaSlav empumalanga - futhi normannizm antinormannizm

Ukwakheka isimo endulo, okubonisa ukuba ngcono okukhulu kwezomnotho - ubudlelwano ezomnotho nezombusazwe, nokuqaphela ubunye, ungubani ngokobuhlanga izizwe eziningi kwabomndeni. Nokho, le nqubo kwaba isikhathi esiningi futhi wawudinga nomzamo lobuholi yezizwana abantu isekela.

Ukuvela wekuba sive e esempumalanga lwamaSlav njalo kuphakamisa mpikiswano mayelana okhokho bayo. abalobi abaningi sithambekele Varangian imfundiso yokuziphendukela kumiswa isimo lwamaSlav. Futhi obani laba amaViking efanayo? Amazwe amaViking - kuba impikiswano. Ngakho, ngokusho kwabanye ososayensi laba bantu - the Normans, amaNorseman. Ngokubona kwakhe, baqhubeka kusukela yokuthi lokhu kwaba Inkathi Norman Ukuhlasela olwandle, amazwe aseYurophu, izinto lezi imikhankaso wayesengaba ezweni Eastern lwamaSlav.

Ukuvela isimo Russian lasendulo u-Adalberto isikhathi eside e isayensi zomlando ezihlobene Normans futhi umholi wabo Rurik. Kwakuthiwa lwamaSlav ngokwabo kuso zehlulekile ukuba ngenxa backwardness yayo. Lo mbono uvele le ngxabano isiSwidi Russian ngesikhathi Nezinkinga ukuze bathethelele nezifiso nolaka we Scandinavians. Bese laba ukubukwa ayatholakala ngokushesha imisebenzi angaphandle ngaphansi Russia exacerbation of elala West. Ososayensi, unikeza lesi umbono ukuvela wekuba sive empumalanga lwamaSlav, waziwa normannistami futhi imfundiso - normannistskoy. Normannizma Abalweli Bokholo kwadingeka abanye ososayensi Russian Lokudabuka German (GF Miller, Schletzer AM), kanye nalabo amalungu historiography olusemthethweni isiRashiya, okuyinto ukunyusele normannizm ukuqinisa igunya ukuvelela le Rurik lwamakhosi.

Abaphikisi lo Norman imfundiso yokuziphendukela ukuvela wekuba sive e lwamaSlav empumalanga e ngekhulu weshumi nesishiyagalombili waziwa mlando Russian Mikhail Lomonosov, VN Tatishchev Ezifundweni zabo, bathi Rurik futhi amaViking - kuba abamele Baltic lwamaSlav, ngubani eyayigujwa lwamaSlav empumalanga isiko langempela, ethnogenesis, limi. Abasekeli balobu isikhundla isayensi letibitwa ngekutsi antinormannistami.

Kamuva, izazi-mlando Russian nawaseSoviet okuye kungase kutholakale ukuthi ukuvela wekuba sive empumalanga lwamaSlav kunesokuqala sase siqalile ukuvunguza eside ngaphambi Normans, futhi njengoba agumenti ngamaqiniso lemfundvo yesive ngesikhathi Antes. Kamuva, ekuqaleni isimo isikhathi esingaphezu sobala ngesikhathi sokubusa kuka-Chia. Nokho, impikiswano ngale ndaba bengayeki kanye amaqembu ukunikeza agumenti ezahlukene ukuze zihambelane nabo. Ubufakazi eyinhloko ukuvela normannistov yesimanje Sizwe phakathi lwamaSlav - lokhu zobuciko eyatholwa emazweni asenyakatho-ntshonalanga lwamaSlav, okuhunyushwa ngokuthi zaseScandinavia. Antinormannisty ukuvikela isikhundla salo ngezincwadi wesayensi yezilimi, anthropology, umthombo. Futhi ikakhulukazi bakholwe indaba, lapho Nestor ayiveza ngokucacile amaViking ne elithi "Rus". Ngakho, ukuvela wekuba sive e lwamaSlav empumalanga - umbuzo evulekile, nakuba ubufakazi bubonisa izinhlangothi ezimbili ngaphezu kokwanele, kodwa isayensi, kukhona abasekeli kokubili nenye umbono.