The Second ZabaseCarthage neMpi (218-201 BCE ..): Izimbangela, nemiphumela. Izizathu kokunqotshwa eCarthage Second ZabaseCarthage neMpi. Uyini umehluko wokuQala nowesiBili ZabaseCarthage Izimpi?

Impi ye-neRoma bakhela iCarthage luthathe indawo olubalulekile emlandweni Yezwe Lasendulo. Bona baba nethonya ukuqhubeka ngamazwe aseMedithera nase yonke iYurophu. Okwesibili ZabaseCarthage neMpi iminyaka 218-201. BC. e. - bhá we ezintathu zenzeka. Futhi-ke kubizwa ngokuthi impi Hannibalic, noma impi yokulwa uHannibal. Ngaphezu kwalokho eRoma eCarthage ngxabano wathatha ingxenye Numidia, elasePhergamu Aetolian League, Syracuse, Achaean League naseMakedoniya.

prehistory

Ngo-242 BC. e. lesi sivumelwano ukuthula owaqeda Okokuqala ZabaseCarthage neMpi sasayinwa. Ngenxa yalokho lesi sivumelwano, iCarthage uhlulekile ukulawula imali kubunikazi yeSisili, ukuhweba cishe okukhethekile abaseCarthage esisentshonalanga yeMedithera lwabhidlika lalibuswa iRoma. Ekugcineni, iCarthage yaba esimweni zomnotho ezinzima, futhi amakhosi ohlanga yayo elibusayo Barkidov - kusimo emaqenjini ezepolitiki - ukuphikiswa siye saba nomfutho. Ngisho ke kwaba sobala ukuthi esikhathini esizayo esiseduze okufanele kwenzeke Okwesibili ZabaseCarthage neMpi phakathi kweRoma ne-iCarthage ukubhubhisa omunye wabo, okungukuthi. Ukuze. Amandla ezimbili ezinkulu eMedithera yayingekho indawo.

Umncintiswano wokuthola Spain

Hamilcar, umlawuli waseCarthage ngo induna yebutho, umkhankaso for ukunqoba izindawo Spanish. Okokuqala, eNhlonhlweni Yase-Iberia wayenothile kakhulua, inqwaba yezinto zemvelo, futhi okwesibili, kusukela eSpain kungaba kuhle okusheshayo ukuze uthole e-Italy. Hamilcar, kanye nendodana yakhe emthethweni Hasdrubal ubekhona ukunweba imingcele waseCarthage iminyaka ecishe ibe ngu-10 eminyakeni saze sabulawa lesi Helice lokuvimbezela. Hasdrubal kumhlobo wakhe futhi waba yisisulu le Ibero-ngowezizwe eNew eCarthage, eyasungulwa kuye.

New iCarthage ngokushesha yaba isikhungo sonke entshonalanga ukuhweba Mediterranean, kanye nempahla sokuqondisa puniyskih. Ngakho, iCarthage hhayi kuphela kwavuzwa ngokulahlekelwa kwabo ekupheleni kweMpi Okokuqala neRoma, kodwa wayebuye abasebenzise izimakethe ezintsha, futhi ezimayini esiliva of Spain Barkidov ahlanganiswe futhi ingenazo izitha zabo zezombusazwe noma yikuphi ukwesekwa. Okwesibili ZabaseCarthage neMpi iminyaka 218-201. BC. e. Kwaba Kuxhomeke isikhathi.

Rome ukukhathazeka

osopolitiki saseRoma ngokuzalwa futhi ngabaholi bezempi babekhathazeke kakhulu yokuthola amandla eCarthage. Rome baqonda ukuthi namanje Akukephuzi kakhulu ukuba ayeke punov, kodwa ngemva kwesikhashana kuzoba nzima. Ngakho, amaRoma waqala ukufuna izaba kokususa impi. Phakathi nokuphila kayise uHannibal engene, Hamilcar, umngcele eMfuleni Iber kwenziwa phakathi kweCarthage neRoma eSpain.

Rome yakha umfelandawonye Soguntom. Wayelethwa wayala ngokucacile ngokumelene eCarthage, futhi ikakhulukazi ukuyeka kusengaphambili wakhe baya enyakatho olwengeziwe. Ukuqala Okwesibili ZabaseCarthage neMpi lwalusondela, Rome wayengadingi umakhelwane elinamandla kangako, kodwa futhi silukhulume kahle kumthetho we-umhlaseli yayingakwazi, ngakho ukwakha umfelandawonye Soguntom kuphothuliwe. Kuyacaca ukuthi eRoma awuzange ezihloselwe ukuvikela ally, kodwa kunjengokungathi kuhlaselwa yena iCarthage enikeziwe izaba kokususa impi.

Hannibal kusukela Barkidov lwamakhosi

Hannibal lwaluyoba iwuphawu umzabalazo wokulwa ukubuswa amaRoma ngo saseMedithera, ke wakwazi ukwenza into okungekho muntu owayeke nesibindi ukukwenza. Yena wayengumbulali wabantu abahlakaniphe nomholi wezempi nomyali, amasosha babemhlonipha, hhayi ukuzalwa kwakhe okusezingeni eliphezulu, futhi impumelelo yomuntu siqu futhi izimfanelo ubuholi.

Kusukela esemncane Hamilcar uyise wathatha indodana yakhe empini. Kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe omdala, wayesemsebenzini Emakamu empi, lapho ingane wayebheke nokufa. Ngo lamehlo akhe ema ngokubulala inqwaba, emakhulwini futhi ngezinye izikhathi izinkulungwane zabantu. Uye zijwayele lokhu. ukuqeqeshwa njalo Hannibal zaphambukela walilwela okunekhono, kanti ukutadisha ezindabeni zezempi - e genius lempi. Khonamanjalo Hamilcar benza konke ukuze uthole eduze nezwe yamaGreki, ngakho wafundisa zamagama ngesiGreki lendodana yakhe, walifundisa isiko amaGreki. Ubaba wayazi ukubhekana ngaphandle umbimbi neRoma futhi wafundisa amadodana abo amasiko abo, kanye umiselwe Union. Indima ebalulekile kule nqubo kwaba ukudlala uHannibal. Okwesibili ZabaseCarthage neMpi ukuba ucabangisise kahle ngezinselele iminyaka eminingi. Futhi wagomela ukuthi lukubhubhise eRoma emva kokufa kukayise.

I izimbangela zempi

Kunezizathu ezinkulu ezintathu ezaholela kokugqashuka kweMpi Yezwe II, phakathi kweRoma ne-iCarthage:

1. nemiphumela okwehisa isithunzi ngoba eCarthage, ngaphansi kwemigomo yalesi sivumelwano ukuthula owaqeda Okokuqala ZabaseCarthage neMpi.

2. Ukwanda okusheshayo yamasimu waseCarthage nokunonophala yayo ngezithukuthuku izigodi acebe Spain, okwaphumela ekuqiniseni amandla alo ezempi.

3. lokuvimbezela nangokwakha bamba waseCarthage eRoma Sogunta inyunyana ukuthi bekuyini imbangela olusemthethweni, okuholele Okwesibili ZabaseCarthage neMpi yayiqhuma. Babengaphezu esisemthethweni kuka yangempela Izizathu ke, nokho ziye zaholela omunye umbango enkulu kuzo zonke komlando wasendulo.

Ukugqashuka kwempi

Ngemva kokufa Hamilcar futhi Hasdrubal induna ukubulala wakhethwa uHannibal. Wabe nje neminyaka engu-25 ubudala, wayegcwele amandla nokuzimisela ukubhubhisa eRoma. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwakufanele bonyana isethi kahle nolwazi ezindabeni zezempi futhi, yebo, ubuholi.

Hannibal kunoma ubani imfihlo ukuthi afuna ukuhlasela Sogunt, owawungumnyaka sizana eRoma, futhi ngaleyo ndlela ukuba bahlanganyele empini yokugcina. Nokho, uHannibal akazange ukuhlasela kuqala. Wayeqiniseka ukuthi Sogunt ehlaselwa izizwe Iberia ezazingaphansi kwawo amandla eCarthage, futhi kuphela emva kwalokho wathuthela amabutho akhe "wodweshu". Hannibal kwabalelwa kufanele ukuthi eRoma ngeke kuholele usizo lempi Soguntu, t. Ukuze. Wayehola ngilwe Gauls kanye pirates Illyrian. Siege Sogunta eyathatha 7 izinyanga, ngemva kwalokho inqaba sathathwa. Rome awuzange ulethe usizo wezempi namadlelandawonye. Emva kokuthatha Sogunta iRoma yathumela amanxusa ku eCarthage, okuyinto impi. waqala Wesibili ZabaseCarthage neMpi!

ubutha

Impi eyathatha iminyaka engaphezu kuka-15. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, cishe akazange ayeke iyiphi izibhelu phakathi kweRoma ne-eCarthage, noma phakathi nabangane babo. amashumi Killed ezinkulungwane zabantu. Eminyakeni eminingi edlule inzuzo lidlule isuka kwesinye isandla iye, uma isikhathi sokuqala empini, inhlanhla kwaba ohlangothini uHannibal, emva kwesikhashana amaRoma kwaqina, okubangela uchungechunge ukunqotshwa okukhulu Poonam e Iberia naseNyakatho Afrika. ngaleyo ndlela Hannibal wahlala phezu le Apennine nhlonhlo. E-Italy, uHannibal yena uzuze imiphumela emihle kakhulu, ephoqa sithuthumela igama lakhe kuso sonke isibalo sabantu bendawo.

ZabaseCarthage Second neMpi wabonisa ukuthi Hannibal akalingani empini evulekile. Lokhu kuboniswa Battle of eMfuleni Ticino futhi Trebbia, eduze Trasimeno Lake futhi, yebo, edume impi ka Cannae, okuyinto ithungwe ibe umlando lempi ebomvu.

Kwakulwelwa nezimpi eziningana: e-Italy, eSpain, eSicily, eNyakatho ye-Afrika Macedonia, kodwa "injini" waseCarthage nabasizi balo baye ibutho likaHannibal futhi yena. Ngakho-ke eRoma izisethile umgomo 'opha "ke, ivimbe indlela izimpahla, izikhali kanye ukusekelwa ngenxa yempi e-Italy. Rome benza, lapho eqaphela ukuthi Hannibal okokuqala udinga ukuthi qeda ngaphandle izimpi bamisa, bese uqede. Loluhlelo bangathola lutho, kodwa phambi kwakhe eRoma wahlupheka eyodwa ukunqotshwa ngemva kwenye, kudingeka ngokukhethekile ukuba uqaphele impi ye Cannae. Kulesi impi waseCarthage possessed 50,000 amasosha, Rome - 90 000. Amathuba sikhiqize inani eliphindwe kabili, kodwa ngisho nge bokuphakama enjalo zezinombolo waseRoma ayikwazanga uwine. Phakathi nempi 70,000 namasosha aseRoma, 16.000 bathunjwa, kuyilapho Hannibal elahlekile wabulala abantu 6000 kuphela.

Izizathu kokunqotshwa eCarthage Second ZabaseCarthage neMpi

Kukhona izizathu eziningi ezaholela ukunqoba waseRoma. Okokuqala, kuyiqiniso ukuthi amabutho waseCarthage ngokuyinhloko Amasosha, owawungumnyaka ngokuphelele ayibalulekile ngubani abasuke belwa nabo - they ukubanjwa elikhokhiwe ngayo. Ayikho imizwa yokushisekela izwe phakathi Amasosha kwakungafanele, ngokungafani abaseRoma, ababevikela ezweni lenkaba yawo.

Okwesibili, abaseCarthage ngokwabo atholiwe e-Afrika, ngokuvamile abaqondi ukuthi kungani badinga le mpi. Domestically, e eyayisanda kumiswa Barkidov kokuphikiswa okunzima, okuyinto kuqhathaniswa empini bahlangana neRoma. Ngisho ngemva kwepi ye-Cannae iCarthage oligarchs ngaphandle intshiseko wathumela ezinye ukusekelwa ukuze uHannibal, nakuba lokhu usizo kungaba okukhulu, bese umphumela impi kwakuyoba ezahlukene. Into wukuthi besaba ekuqiniseni amandla Hannibal nokumiswa ubushiqela, ngemuva angathathwa kulandelwa lapho kubhujiswa lesi oligarchy njengoba isigaba sezenhlalo.

Okwesithathu, ukuhlubuka nokukhohlisa, itholakala ukulinda at zonke sinyathelo eCarthage, kanye nokuntuleka kwanoma isiphi isimiso sangempela usizo sizana - eMakedoniya.

Okwesine, kuba Yiqiniso, wayeyisazi esikoleni Roman yezempi, futhi lokho phakathi nempi usezuze ingcebo yolwazi. Nokho, eRoma, lokhu impi isibe ubunzima, ukubeka sisonqenqemeni sokusinda republic wamaRoma. Izizathu kokunqotshwa eCarthage Second ZabaseCarthage neMpi usengakwazi enumerate, kodwa bonke ukulandela kusuka lezi 4 ehamba phambili esemqoka ukuba kokunqotshwa omunye wamabutho esiqine kakhulu ezweni lasendulo.

Ngokungafani Okwesibili kusukela Okokuqala ZabaseCarthage neMpi

nezimpi ezimbili bekwehluke, nakuba igama efanayo. Eyokuqala Sasisibi nhlangothi zombili, yasungulwa ngenxa umbango phakathi kweRoma ne-iCarthage ngesikhathi betholakala esiqhingini ocebile yeSisili. Owesibili kwaba nodlame kusukela iCarthage kuphela, ibutho lamaRoma nawo lwenziwa umsebenzi wenkululeko.

Nomphumela wokuQala nowesiBili Izimpi - ukunqoba waseRoma, babamba iqhaza elikhulu onikezwe iCarthage, ubeke imingcele. Ngemva kokuphela Okwesibili ZabaseCarthage neMpi, izimbangela, nemiphumela kanye nokubaluleka okungokomlando kunzima overestimate, iCarthage sinqatshiwe ngokuphelele ukuba kube khona izithuthi ezisheshayo. Yena balahlekelwa yikho konke ababenakho kwezilwandle, it wabiza izintela ezimba eqolo iminyaka engu-50. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akakwazanga ayokulwa ngaphandle kwemvume yeRoma.

Okwesibili ZabaseCarthage neMpi ukushintsha inkambo yomlando, uma umlawuli omkhulu kwezinhloko zamaviyo esikaHannibal waseCarthage kwadingeka ukwesekwa ngaphakathi ezweni. Wayengase lizuze eRoma. Njengoba konke lokhu waqhubeka, ngenxa nje kwempi ye Cannae eRoma kwadingeka bayibutho elikhulu uyakwazi ekumelaneni eCarthage, uHannibal, kodwa lapho amabutho etholakalayo ngeke ikwazi ukuthwebula eRoma kahle enezivikelo eziqinile. Yena akazange azihlanganise nesiqunto nokuxhaswa Afrika futhi lokhu kubhikisha yamadolobha Italian iRoma, kodwa futhi yokuqala noma yesibili, akazange ulinde ...