Umlando ukuphathwa, izikole zalo eziyisisekelo futhi izigaba yentuthuko

Ukuphathwa njengoba ubuciko uhulumeni umsuka ezikhathini zasendulo. incazelo yakhe njengoba uhlobo umsebenzi womuntu kutholakala emibhalweni USocrates. Isazi sefilosofi lasendulo ngesiGreki, owayehlala yokuqala yeminyaka BC, uchaza inqubo yakhe yokusingatha abantu njengoba ngomzamo ukubeka umuntu othile endaweni ethile futhi ukumenza elamukelekile imisebenzi. Ukwahlulela ngokubukeka imithombo eminingi esekhona, ukuphathwa umlando umsuka ayizinkulungwane eziningana edlule, nesayense ngokwayo nokuphatha abantu aphethwe ahleleka ezigabeni eziningana abahlukene.

abantu komlando owayehlala eceleni, kwakungadingeki ukuba uwaphathe kusukela umsebenzi. Injongo eyinhloko khona kwabo kwaba ukusinda ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima bemvelo. Okhokho bethu asendulo sebehlanganisa ukuphila ndawonye izizwe, kwakudingeka ukuba uvale kubo ukuthi umuntu ohlakaniphile, ukuba wenze izinqumo ezingcono kakhulu ngoba sonke isizwe, ukuxazulula izingxabano phakathi isizwe, kokugwetshwa isijeziso e okuthile kuyilapho kuyigazi elingenacala. Umuntu onjalo wayengumholi. Nokho, njengoba ekwandeni namaqembu omphakathi zabantu zaba division kudingekile zomsebenzi, konke lokhu umsebenzi nalo kulawulwa omunye ngaphandle. Ngakho kukhona nakhululwa ezifundisweni zokucathula lokuqala ukuphathwa amaqembu ngabanye abantu ahlukaniswe isimo babo bomsebenzi.

Umlando ukuphathwa ngomqondo wesimanje kulezi izwi iqala izinguquko kwezezimboni, okwenzeka eminyaka 17-19. Kwakuthinta ngalesi sikhathi e-Europe, kukhona yokukhiqiza ibhizinisi lokuqala bedinga abaphathi abanamakhono ngempela. Ukuphathwa Isayensi eba ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, kukhona umsebenzi wokuqala ososayensi abazinikezele kuleli hlobo umsebenzi womuntu.

Izigaba nezikole emlandweni ukuphathwa

Ukuphathwa njengoba umsebenzi okhokhelwayo bubonakala okokuqala i-American H. Tawney embikweni wakhe enawulungiselelwa isethulo emhlanganweni-Society of Mechanical Engineers. Kulo mhlangano waqale eveza umbono wakhe ukuthi umphakathi idinga ukuqeqeshwa-abaphathi.

Ubude emlandweni umcabango kwezomnotho kwekhulu lama-20 kwakhiwa izikole ezinhlanu control:

- Scientific Ukuphathwa School (umsunguli F. Taylor, umlobi wezincwadi eziningi on the subject);

- Administrative School (ukhokho - French unjiniyela A. Fayolle);

- esikoleni ambalwa (abamele - J. Thompson, G. Ackoff, D. Mashi);

- behaviourist esikoleni (lasungulwa lihlotshaniswa ukuthuthukiswa kwabantu kanye psychology, basuke kubhekwe abameleli owaziwa kaCharles Bernard, F. Herzberg, C. Argyris);

- womuntu nobuhlobo esikoleni (umsunguli - American E. Mayo).

Umlando ukuphathwa kuhlanganisa ngezinyathelo ezinhlanu eziyisisekelo lilawulwa ukuthuthukiswa, eyokuqala liqala Njengoba sekuzoqala ikhulu lama-20 futhi ihambelana nesikhathi azalelwa isikole ukuphathwa ngokwesayensi. Ukuvela esikoleni zokuphatha Fayol kule minyaka eyishumi yokuqala yekhulu lama-20, kwasho ukuqala esiteji ukuphathwa ukuthuthukiswa yesibili.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo umlando yokuphathwa kwezimali iqala e-United States. SeMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili has nomthelela ekuthuthukiseni ukuphathwa ukucabanga, owokuqala engamashumi amabili ngemuva kokuphela iyafana esigabeni wesithathu nokwenza zokuphatha.

Isigaba esilandelayo sokuthuthuka imisebenzi yokuphathwa ezihlobene isayensi - Psychology, okuyinto buthola umfutho. Ukuze esigabeni yesihlanu yentuthuko ukuphathwa (80s.) Ingabe libhekene kokutholakala indlela enjalo enamandla njengoba uhlaka lwenhlangano. ukuphathwa Modern lihlotshaniswa ukuthuthukiswa computer ezishintshayo ukukhiqizwa. Namuhla, indaba akugcini ukuphathwa, ukuphathwa isayensi aqhubeka aguquka futhi ngcono.