UMongameli Okwesibili US Dzhon Adams: A Biography

Dzhon Adams waziwa kakhulu ngokuthi yesibili enguMengameli waseMelika (1797-1801 biennium). ebusheni bakhe wawela kokubusa kweBrithani. Ngemva inguquko, waba bodumo isibalo somphakathi nezikhulu. Nge Ukuhamba kusuka isikhundla sikaMongameli Adams okwamiswa ngalo ukuba waziphatha ezombusazwe, futhi iminyaka eminingi buthule lapho sebethathe umhlalaphansi.

Esakhula

Ikusasa enguMengameli waseMelika yesibili wazalwa ngo-1735 e Quincy. Ngokwezindinganiso American, kwakudingeka izimpande ezijulile Izindawo. Ukhokho Adams baya entshonalanga, wathola 40 amahektare amaningi endawo ngomyalo iNkosi uCharles I uStuart.

UJohn wazalelwa emndenini ukulima. Kakade kokuba ixhegu, washiya Umlando omkhulu futhi ifa epistolary. Ngo Umlando wakhe, umongameli wase-US lesibili wakhuluma ngokuziqhenya ngoyise, embiza ngokuthi "ngokwethembeka iningi labantu othembeke kunabo bonke." Kolonistskoy Ngokokulandisa, wonke umndeni ayekade ukubeka imali into ukuthumela owamazibulo ekolishi. Ngo 1755, unyaka i-Adams iziqu Harvard. isayensi yathe ayeyithanda waqala izilimi, ikakhulukazi Latin. Wayefunda ezinjalo abalobi khulula-nokucabanga Ukukhanyiselwa, kokubili uMilton uVoltaire, kanye zabuna - UPlutarch futhi Virgil. Ezemfundo akwenzele umsebenzi walo - Adamu badela umfundisi umsebenzi, owayenganikela kukhanye kuye ngemva ekolishi.

Mfundisi ummeli

Lapho esemusha, Dzhon Adams wasebenza njengomfundisi esikoleni. Wayengafuni ukuba ayeke lapho futhi waqala ukutadisha umthetho. Ngo 1758, i-Adams waba ummeli, futhi lokhu kuye wathola igama bona. Ngokuzayo umongameli wase-United States yesibili wahlala e-Boston - omunye wemizi emikhulu kakhulu American ngaleso sikhathi. Kube olubilayo ukuphila, okusho ukuthi umsebenzi omningi ummeli ngenkuthalo.

Umsebenzi Jerk ngoba Adams waqala ukuvikela kwakhe amasosha aseBrithani abaye yicala kulandela izibhelu anezithunywa isihloko kule historiography we Boston Massacre. Lesi sivivinyo senzeka ngo 1770. Ummeli Ilungile ukuzivikela yayo nokukhululwa kuzo isiphelo sesimiso abantu abaningana.

Ukuhlanganyela ukuphila kwawo ngokuqondene nezombusazwe

umsebenzi Adams sika ezombusazwe eqala ngo-1765, lapho eneminyaka engu-emaphephandabeni uzwakalise ukunganeliseki zabo uhulumeni waseBrithani bephumelele Isitembu Mthetho. Lo mthetho ziwumthwalo imisebenzi eyengeziwe ngomyalo sayo yonke imisebenzi e amakoloni aseMelika. Eqinisweni, eBrithani waphinda imali bazo kwezilwandle. Isenzo waphasiswa ukuze uvale imbobo isabelomali zombuso, imiswe phakathi neminyaka neMpi Iminyaka eyisikhombisa ' eYurophu. Nge ukugxekwa lesi sinqumo futhi ezibhalelwe nguMengameli wezwe olandelayo we-USA. Izithombe agcinwe Museum we Declaration yokuqala Independence iqukethe nesignesha kasomabhizinisi.

Khona-ke, ngo-1776, i-Adams kakade kwaba esinye sezikhulu zezombangazwe esidumile kahle butholakala enqubweni eyinkimbinkimbi zomthetho. Leli khono lakhe professional iyasiza owayezoba umongameli we-Continental Congress, lapho amakoloni lesiNgisi banquma ukuhlukana ne zabo ezweni umama.

usomaqhinga

Phakathi American Revolutionary War , Adams kwakungelona ngaphambili, kodwa eziningi wenzani emkhakheni wezomthetho nakwezombusazwe. Waba labalobi soMthethosisekelo eyayisanda kumiswa isimo Massachusetts. Leli zwe kwaba Inqubomgomo umhlaba nowokuzalwa, futhi-ke, akakwazanga ukuhlala kude amabhizinisi endawo.

Ngo 1777-1779 GG. Adams kwaba US inxusa ngowokuqala France. Bourbon ohlanga kakade waqaphela ukuzimela amakoloni ukuze buthaka isikhundla-United Kingdom. Kingdom esesizile BaseMelika ibutho. Lapho impi iphela nge kokunqotshwa kwe-British, isivumelwano sokuthula esasayinwa hhayi kuphi nje, kodwa e-Paris. Lapho, ngo-1783 futhi kwaba khona abangu John Adams, owathatha liyingxenye ematasa ekubhaleni amaphuzu yesivumelwano. Ngalesi umsebenzi wakhe zamanxusa ayizange yaphela. Ummeli wayesekhona iminyaka eminingana njengombonisi inxusa ukuba Great Britain ke e-1788 wagcina waphindela kwelakubo.

Iphini lakhe

Kuvele ukubukeka ku US isimo kwezombusazwe yasekhaya Adams wakhetha impumelelo. Njengoba leli zwe othola izinguquko zomthetho ezidingekayo ukudala isimo esicacile ohlelweni. Ngokusho imiphumela izinguquko e 1789 wanikela US umengameli wayo wokuqala - Dzhordzh Vashington.

Adams kwaba umelekeleli bakhe abaseduze futhi umsekeli. Akumangazi ukuthi Washington ukuhlala emandleni, bekatsatsa esihlalweni umsekeli kaMongameli walelibandla - isikhundla wesibili ubushiqela.

Inhloko isimo

Dzhon Adams (owayengumongameli wase-United States wesibili) wakhethwa inhloko yezwe e 1797, ngemuva kokuphela isikhathi sokuba sesikhundleni ukuze uGeorge Washington. Kwaba sikhathi ezineziyaluyalu, egcwele izenzakalo eliqhakazile. uhulumeni Young American waqhubeka efuna ukuqashelwa international, ukuthuthukisa ingqalasizinda yangaphakathi futhi yaceba.

Ngaphambi Adams dolobha kwaba e-Philadelphia, lapho, ikakhulukazi, esezandleni ze-Continental Congress. Nokho, ekupheleni kwekhulu XVIII kwanqunywa ukwakha idolobha elisha elalizoba maphakathi zesimanje yomphakathi. Adume White House safika ngesikhathi esifanele lapho isikhundla kwakuhlezi umongameli wase-United States yesibili. Biography of le nqubomgomo wayegcwele izinqumo ezinzima.

Lapho Adams waqala impi zokubonisana France, uzwakalise izibhelu mabutho lamazwe amabili e-Atlantic Ocean. Lesi siqephu zomlando owayemuhle wayebizwa ngokuthi XYZ Imbangela. Lesi sigameko zithinteke kakhulu emkhathini e-Washington.

I ezingqubuzana iFrance ukugxekwa Adams ezingomashiqela oda wamavukelambuso Paris. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-Jacobites wagumbuqela ohlanga ngisho ukukhishwa inkosi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, rapprochement ne-United States waya abaphikisi kwaphakade France, iGreat Britain. Lokhu kwenzeka yize ukungezwani ubudala phakathi wangaphambili umama yezwe kanye amakoloni.

AbaseMelika kanye nayo iBritish wasayina Jay Treaty, umqalisi okwakunzima yesibili UMengameli waseMelika Dzhon Adams. Amazwe amabili kusungulwa ukuhweba futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi njalo abukhali ukuze uhlanganyele. Ingxabano unawe France kuwufanele ezilimele ubudlelwane phakathi Washington naseParis.

eminyakeni yamuva

Adams kwaba enkaba avelele enye inqubomgomo iphayona Thomas Jefferson American. Ngo 1801, waba umongameli wesithathu-United States. Adams kwesokunxele inqubomgomo kanye awusahloni- okuthunyelwe. Noma kunjalo, yena baqhubeka bekhuthele esikhaleni zomphakathi ukukhuluma lapho eseneminyaka umuntu yangasese. Namanje Adams osemusha waqala umkhuba wokushaya ukugcina umbhalo. Njengoba bekhula ayesezibekelele material omkhulu futhi usizo kakhulu. Umlando wakhe (eshicilelwe kamuva) babé yinto fount ebalulekile ulwazi mayelana neminyaka yokuqala yokuba khona-United States kanye ukwamukelwa of mechanisms izinqumo ezibucayi.

Adams wafa ngokuthula e 1826 e Massachusetts lwakubo. Wayeneminyaka engu-90 ubudala. Inzala uyomkhumbula njengoba omunye obaba owasungula i-United States, kwaba abadali nawubuzwe American.