Prince of Kiev ne Smolensk Rostislav Mstislavich

Lokhu isikhulu bahlakaniphe futhi nombono obanzi elibusayo lwamakhosi of Rurik washiya uphawu elikhulu emlandweni Russia. Wakwazi ujike i ubukhulu abavamile esikhethekile nokuqhakaza elikhulayo futhi esifundeni, yona eyaqala ukwenza i ukujabulela ezibanzi amalungelo ezizimele. Futhi, wabonisa ukuhlakanipha ezindabeni zomphakathi ngemva kokuba sesamukele sobukhosi eKiev. Kodwa sokunconywa mlando zako ezisemqoka bakholelwa ukuthi Prince Rostislav Mstislavich uvinjelwe kwehlukana amakhosi asendulo, bezama ukuba aphishekele umgomo sokuhlanganiswa kanye nokuhlanganiswa emazweni Russian. Pho-ke, kwaba indlela yakhe yokuphila, futhi yini impumelelo ethile wasifinyelela, ngokuba umbusi waleli Russia? Cabanga ngalo mbuzo kabanzi.

lozalo umugqa

Rostislav Mstislavich kafushane mayelana nokuthi iziphi izinhlelo kungase kube okungafaneleki ukuba etha, waba ngumbusi wesithathu inzalo Novgorod Mstislav Vladimirovich. Imithombo ayihlangani ku umbuzo wazalwa nini. Ngo eziningi zalezi izibalo 1100. Rostislav umzalwane (Izyaslav) wazalwa eminyakeni embalwa ngaphambili (eminyakeni 1097 noma 1098). Umama ombusi ikusasa Smolensk esifundeni - indodakazi yenkosi Swedish Inge.

Ngokusho zemihla ngemihla, Prince Rostislav Mstislavich etholwe ukulawula Smolensk lapho eseneminyaka engama-nanhlanu kuphela ubudala. Wabhapathizwa behlonipha Arhangela Mihaila, ngakho eSontweni Lobu-Orthodox eyaziwa ngokuthi Prince Mikhail Fedorovich.

Kwakungenxa 1127 kwathiwa yokuqala okukhulunywa ngayo imithombo. Le nkathi emlandweni ukhunjulwa ngokuyinhloko yokuthi umbimbi lempi Monomakhich encroached ku imingcele ubukhulu of Polotsk futhi Rostislav Mstislavich yena wahamba umuzi Drutsk.

Lapho ngithola ifa?

Izazi-mlando sisho, futhi lapho indodana Mstislav Vladimirovich waqala "ukuphatha" yezindaba Smolensk ubukhulu. Abanye bathi kwenzeka 1125, abanye - 1127. Kuyaziwa ukuthi Rostislav Mstislavich aziwa 1132 ku Smolensk Wezinjongo usebenze njengomahluleli uyise omzalayo. Ngakho yena waba eziningi "yomthetho" we Kiev ubukhulu. Ngo 1132 Mstislav bafa, abangafanga umbusi waseRussia iba umfowabo Jaropolk. New Prince Kiev unika isimo ubukhulu selikhonza ngaphansi kwe Smolensk. Jaropolk ne ubukhulu Uhlale ekulungele ukusiza esenana intela.

Indlela ubukhulu nokuchuma

Esikhathini kusuka eminyakeni engu-30 kuya-50 XII leminyaka Rostislav Mstislavich senza wonke umzamo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ifa yemfanelo ayiphathisiwe selande laze laba oqinile, echumayo kwezomnotho ezizimele. Futhi ingabe ukuphatha nokufezekisa amaphupho abo.

Indodana yabo yokuqala Mstislava Velikogo siguqulwe indawo yemfanelo ayiphathisiwe ku ubukhulu futhi waziwa ngokuthi Smolensk izikhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezweni lapho yena ngokuvamile ahlanganisa izingxenye Mogilev, Pskov, Tver, Vitebsk, Kaluga futhi eMoscow izifundazwe. Maphakathi nawo-30 yalolucwaningo kwekhulu XII ukusuka Rostislav indawo siphela ngomfula Protva, okungukuthi Parish Puttino, Dobryatino, Bobrovnitsy, Dobrochkov, Bennitsa. Ngakho, ukubusa Smolensk etholakala maphakathi Rus principalities, ngakho izinsongo zangaphandle cishe kwakungasho lutho lokho kuye. Ngakho Rostislav Mstislavich, ogama biography ufundwa mlando hhayi kuze kube sekupheleni, wazama ukwenza retinue kwesikhulu waqinisa ne zemshchina, odlala indima ethile alawula nemidanti kwezenhlalo nakwezombangazwe.

ukuthuthukiswa wokuhlela idolobha

Kuze 1125 ifa lendodana yakhe Mstislava Velikogo athola imizi emithathu kuphela: Kasplya, Verzhavsk, Toropets. Rostislav Mstislavich (isikhulu Smolensk) ngaphambilini ukubeka idolobha Rostislavl, Mstislavl, Izjaslavl, Yelnya, Dorogobuzh, futhi uguqulwe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi emzini nemizana ezifana Vasilyev, Luchin, Propoisk, Krichev.

uhlelo sezenkolo ukuguqulwa

Ngaphezu inqubomgomo ezisemadolobheni, isikhulu waziphatha kwekuhlela kabusha of ukubaluleka okungokwenkolo. Yena deduces kusukela Smolensk ubukhulu Pereyaslavlskoy ababhishobhi kudala wesifunda "okungokomoya" self-equkethwe.

Ukubayisa uthemba Prince Bishop Manuel, futhi ngemva kwesikhashana umnikeza idokhumenti enikeza amalungelo omkhulu esontweni. Diploma Rostislav Mstislavovitch avunyelwe ababhishobhi Smolensk wathola okweshumi kukho konke engenayo ubukhulu. Ngemva Manuel waba ikhanda besifunda-bhishobhi, yena waba ngokushesha yangcwelisa Assumption Cathedral Smolensk, lapho indodana Mstislava Velikogo elakhiwa ngo 1101.

Prince wabuye waphakamisa eziningi izakhiwo zamatshe okungokwenkolo ukuthi kwaba eseyintsha sangempela Smolensk.

zemihla

Qala Smolensk IziKronike wabuye wanikeza Rostislav Mstislavich. Ngo ifomu yayo yasekuqaleni umlando, ngeshwa, kuze kube manje ungazange liyalondolozwa, kodwa imithombo kamuva isikhathi namanje abe impahla izazi-mlando zanamuhla.

"Smolensk Izindaba" echaza ukuphila e ubukhulu 30 - 60 iminyaka kwekhulu XII, athathwa njengoba isisekelo ukudalwa "I lwemilando Rostislavovich" (engu-80 ngekhulu XII) kanye nesethi Kiev (1200). Ngo "Izindaba", ikakhulukazi, kukhulunywe ngaye ukusungulwa e 1136 we Smolensk besifunda-bhishobhi futhi ekuqaleni ukwakhiwa itshe. Lokho 1136 ubhekwa ekuqaleni yezindaba zemihla ngemihla ku Smolensk esifundeni.

Ukudala imiphakathi

Lapho Rostislav Mstislavich isebenze inqubo ukwakha imiphakathi. Urban elite Smolensk iqala sizokwenza ezingasho izifiso zabo zezombusazwe futhi ukuphoqelela intando yayo isikhulu ophakeme. Ezimweni ezinjengalezi, wamane iba isetshenziswa inkambo okufanele wendawo amandla elite.

Inkathi ukuxabana

Rostislav Mstislavich (Smolensk) waphila ngesikhathi lapho Russia zalwa nempi yombango.

Lapho nje kokufa kukayise, Prince ijoyina zakubo yayo (Izyaslav futhi Vsevolod), ukunqoba ukuphikiswa zezombusazwe ngokumelene umalume wakhe Yuriya Dolgorukogo futhi umbusi naseVolyn umhlaba Andrei Vladimirovich. Kusengozini kuyinto Pereyaslyavlskaya umhlaba. Futhi 1141 Mstislavich ezingqubuzana Chernigov Olegovichy ukuthi nethuba eliphezulu ukuba ahlale phansi Novgorod futhi Kiev sobukhosi. Olegovichy ngokushesha wathumela ukuba anqobe Smolensk. Ngemva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa nje lapho umfowabo Rostislav Izyaslav itshalwe ukubusa Novgorod umfowabo, wabe esedlulela Chernigov. Kodwa injongo eyinhloko Mstislavich - kuyinto Kyïv, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho ulwa abanolaka Yuri Dolgoruky. Eminyakeni eyishumi yathatha le ngxabano. Rostislav Izyaslav futhi wakwazi ukunqoba umhlaba kusukela Yaroslavl futhi Suzdal. Nomaphi lapho ukugxeka futhi babuze ukuba semthethweni inqubomgomo Yuriya Dolgorukogo. Kodwa ukuthi 1155 uphatha wasithatha sobukhosi eKiev.

Nokho, ubudlelwane phakathi indodana Mstislava Velikogo futhi Yuriem Dolgorukim yashubisa kwaze kwaba sekugcineni. Kiev isikhulu ovusa izikhulu Polovtsian futhi ucela ukuba ahlele emashini elibangise Smolensk ubukhulu. Ngenxa yalokho, wakwazi ukuba nokuqalisa uhlelo lwakhe lokufundisa abantu.

Kodwa Rostislav igunya obungantengantengi emazweni aseningizimu, futhi uyazi Yuri Dolgoruky, ngakho umshana wakhe wanquma ukuyekethisa.

Throne ekhatsi Kiev

Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, Rostislav Mstislavich ku-nokuwumisa alinganayo nomfowabo omncane empeleni iba umbusi Kiev. Prince Smolensky kwenza wokukhonza kwakhe ngaphansi kukaNebukhadinezari Ryazan umhlaba. Kodwa-ke umzalwane Izyaslav wafa. Futhi 1157 waqala ukusebenza ubukhulu main Izyaslav Davidovich Chernigov. Ngemva kweminyaka emibili, abantu Kiev ngokusemthethweni ukunikela Rostislav uphathe ubukhulu babo ngesisekelo kuphela. Yena uyavuma.

Ukuze athobele amasiko, isikhulu ithumela ekhatsi Kiev amanxusa amabili Smolensk futhi Novgorod Ivan Ruchechnika Yakuna. Babefanele ukuthola ngalokho imigomo lokunika ilungelo Rostislav ubukhulu main.

Phakathi nokubusa ekhatsi Kiev

Ngemva ehlala esihlalweni sobukhosi, Rostislav Mstislavich uthethe yonke imizamo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi iRussia abe nesimo athuthukile futhi lichume. Wazama ukumyekisa izimpi internecine, ukunamathela Inqubomgomo umhlaba ukuhlanganisa Russian. Ukuba oshayelayo kwamandla e Kiev, indodana Mstislava Velikogo esiningi okuthuthuka ngokomoya. He is nabo ababhishobhi, njalo ukumema ukuba sokudla wesigodlo Kiev-Pechersk Lavra uPolycarp ngisho ukulungiselela oda zabo ukwehlukanisa iseli Isigodlo, lapho bebodwa. Yingakho Prince Rostislav Mstislavovitch ngokuthi zenzisa. Ukunamathela inqubomgomo ukuthula futhi yaqinisekiswa, umbusi Russia unqobile trust kanye ukuthembeka amaningi ababusi emazweni umqhele. Ngempela, abaningi bangafunda indodana yakhe Mstislava Velikogo indlela yokwenza esifundeni sakho ochumayo. Sonke sasazi ukuthi uhlezi esihlalweni sobukhosi Kiev, abafanelwe ke. Ingxabano izimpi wazama zonke indlela ukuze ugweme Rostislav Mstislavich. Inqubomgomo angaphandle umbusi Russian wayebuye ngokuthula. Ngisho nezitha okuphakade Polovtsy wazama ukuba babhebhethekise ubudlelwane. Kodwa namanye izikhulu appanage Polovtsian wayekade ngezinye izikhathi bangqubuzana. Prince futhi ahlela imikhankaso yokulwa empini yokulwa iLithuania kakhulu ngempumelelo.

Novgorod

Ngesikhathi esigabeni sokugcina iBhodi Rostislav Mstislavovitch indodana yakhe uqala ukuba azixoshe ichopho Novgorod lohulumeni basekhaya. Kufika isikhathi lapho Svyatoslav (indodana Rostislav Mstislavovitch) ayisakwazi vakaza ngaphakathi i ubukhulu ezimele. Khona-ke, inkosi yase-Kiev, mathupha ethunyelwe Novgorod, ukuvumelanisa izakhamuzi nendodana yakhe. Ukushayela ngokusebenzisa Smolensk, wabona ukuthi bajabula kanjani athela abantu bakhe bazamukela.

Kodwa esengena Toropets, Rostislav Mstislavich (Prince of Kiev) zaneduzhil futhi wayala isithunywa ethunyelwe Novgorod isimisela indodana yayo, kangangokuthi wayengasaboni kummeleli Novgorod izicukuthwane ukuba ayomhlangabeza Luka Omkhulu. Ekugcineni wakwazi ukuxolela Svyatoslav izakhamuzi, okwathi ngemva kwalokho baya Smolensk lwakubo, uhlale kancane udadewabo Rogneda. Naphezu kokugula kwakhe, Prince ngokushesha waphuthuma ukuya Kiev, ebhekisela izindaba isimo. Kodwa ukufinyelela kuye futhi ahluleka 'unina amadolobha Russian. " Rostislav Mstislavovich impilo sawohloka kakhulu, futhi entwasahlobo ka 1167 on ensimini kwalesi sigodi Zaruba (Smolensk) ihora lakhe. Yena kwakufanele ivume ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe futhi wabalisa umpristi noSimeyoni ngaphambilini akazange avunyelwe ukwenza umcimbi ukuphuca ukhakhayi. umzimba Prince sika wathunyelwa Kiev wangcwatshwa esigodlweni sezindela uTheodore, njengoba wayejezisa. Amandla ubukhulu main kwadingeka aye indodana yakhe Roman, owayebusa kulesi Sifundazwe. Kodwa uma esefile Rostislav Mstislavich (Smolensk), phakathi indodana yakhe nezikhulu Suzdal, okuyinto zaziphuma ngu-Andrew Bogolyubskii, eziyokwenzeka umzabalazo ezibabayo sobukhosi.

umndeni

Imininingwane ekuphileni komkhaya Kiev futhi Smolensk umbusi cishe engaziwa. Kusengenzeka umbuzo imfihlakalo babo wayeshade Rostislav Mstislavich (Smolensk izikhulu), nokuthi ingabe wazala imishado. Ukuphathwa zamadodana akhe avele okokuqala e imithombo iminyaka 40-50 of XII leminyaka. Kuyaziwa ukuthi 1149, Rostislav Mstislavich wayibusisa ngayo emshadweni wendodana yakhe elingumRoma, waganwa indodakazi ka Svyatoslava Olgovicha, owabusa emazweni Seversk. Ngo 1154 Prince of Kiev ne Smolensk unika uDavide futhi ifa Roman Novgorod namadodana akhe. Ngobani amadala futhi ngubani abasebasha - umbuzo evulekile. Ngokusho zemihla ngemihla, uDavide wazalwa ngo 1140.

Omunye nendodana ushonele e 1170, kodwa awazi ukuthi ubani lowo mlingiswa. Rostislav Mstislavovitch uthunjana, Mstislav Hrabry, yazalwa ngo-maphakathi nawo-40s naphakathi no-60s, washada indodakazi Gleb Rostislavich, ayebusa ezweni Ryazan. Mstislav Hrabry ngofuzo izimfanelo engcono kakhokho wakhe. Abhapathizwa indodana encane Rostislav Mstislavovitch okuthiwa Fedor.

Kuyaziwa ukuthi Kiev futhi Smolensk isikhulu babenamadodana ayisihlanu kuyimina namadodakazi amabili. Imithombo ithi indodakazi cishe ingxenye eyodwa kuphela, Elena. Ngo 1163 waba umka iSikhulu Krakow Leszek White, futhi ngemva kokufa kwakhe ngo-1194, uHelen waba umbusi agcwele kuleli dolobha Polish. Rostislav Mstislavovitch indodakazi washona ngo 1198.

isiphetho

Phakathi nokubusa Prince of Kiev ne Smolensk abe yisakhiwo sodumo emlandweni ERussia yasendulo. Wenza lokho ukuthi ababusi principalities saphela ukuxabana bodwa. Rostislav Mstislavich - kummeleli lwamakhosi ekubusa ekuqaleni akazange abeke izithakazelo ezimele kanye nekahulumeni, ngokungafani eziningi izihlobo zakhe. Wakwazi ukukhulisa ngisho ephakeme ngamandla igunya emehlweni abantu abavamile.