Balaklava impi 1854:. Umlando, izimbangela kanye nemiphumela

Ukunikeza isibonelo emkhankasweni wempi, ngokuvumelana okugcwele ebamba isisu ethandwa wamabutho aseBrithani kwekhulu le-19, ngokwanele ukuba ushayele Balaklava impi, eyaqala ngo-1854 phakathi neMpi YaseCrimea. Kulula ukukubona ngeso lengqondo konke amajaha isikhathi, ulalele izindaba kabanzi uneso elithakazelisayo ubuqhawe empini. Ngenhliziyo ocwilayo, bona baphupha usuku lapho, njengoba abadala, uzokwazi ukuthatha indawo yakhe ebuthweni neNkosi yakhe, futhi ikhanda waliphakamisa ukudubula ngenjongo yenkazimulo.

impi Legends

Balaklava impi ligcwele izibonelo zesibindi zobuqhawe ngokunqoba brilliant kubo bonke lobo bunzima, ezinjenge-Izacile Red Line, Mnumzane Colin Campbell kuhlasela onesibindi lamabutho esindayo aholwa zomholi oluvelele lempi James Scarlett. Kodwa-ke kwaba lamabutho ukukhanya abagibele amahhashi, ukuhlaselwa sabo esiphuthumayo immortalized inkondlo yakhe, elaba ingxenye temdzabu British lempi, u-Alfred Tennyson. Indaba yakhe, ezihlangene oludumile isibindi engakaze ibonwe, thusa bhicongo futhi imfihlakalo ezingaxazululeki oda ebulalayo weNkosi Raglan ukuhlasela.

Izimbangela iMpi YaseCrimea

Izimbangela kweqiniso ka iMpi YaseCrimea, abe nezimpande ezijulile, kodwa ikakhulu ezihlobene ukwenqaba uhulumeni waseBrithani sokwanda Russian. Sekuyisikhathi eside iRussia yayinabantu ukubukwa aseBalkan ngawo eningizimu-empumalanga yeYurophu. wokuvelela wayo Tsar Nicholas ngabona Ngokuwa Turkish Empire ithuba elihle kakhulu bagomela izimangalo zabo. Ukuthwebula waseConstantinople ebengakhipha Russia eliphelele lokulawula umnyango kweBlack Sea iMedithera. Ukuba ebiyelweyo base wamabutho asolwandle e Sevastopol, Russia ngabe ngitholile sokufinyelela yakhe lasolwandle elivulekile lubhekisele oLwandle iMedithera futhi kanye nezikwazi ukuthonya yemizila yohwebo zangaphandle, ikakhulukazi IsiNgisi nesiFulentshi. Akumangazi ukuthi isimo engazinzile ezibucayi maphakathi no-19 leminyaka, emazweni amabili bazimisela ukuvimbela ukuhlukumeza esele zamasu. ingcindezi yangaphandle kuphela onamandla buye baphoqa Russia ukulahla izinhlelo yayo yasekuqaleni ukusungula ukulawula aseBalkan.

sempi

Tsar Nicholas hhayi ungomunye walabo ababa bayeka kalula nje. Ngo 1852 yena baphikisana eFrance ilungelo isihluthulelo kusukela esangweni eyinhloko ethempelini Lethuna Elingcwele eliseJerusalema, elalingelamaFilisti ngaleso sikhathi Turkey. Lapho sultan Turkish isinqumo ngalokho ababekusho esivuna lamaKatolika France, inkosi limenyezelwe impi ku Turkey. Futhi nakuba okwakuthiwa kwenzelwa ukuvikela ukholo Orthodox, kwaba sobala ukuthi imibuzo ephathelene nokholo lwazo babe yesibili Russian izifiso indawo. Impi wathatha ukujika enobudlova kwafa eziningi nhlangothi zombili. Noma kunjalo, kwakungesona impi wokugcina phakathi kwalawa mazwe amabili. Okwekhonsathi esiza abantulayo e sisebenzisa eyayilimele kulokhu kubulalana ngo-1877 P. I. Chaykovsky wabhala abadumile yakhe "Slavic Mashi".

Ukuhlasela yebutho Russian

Britain, yebo, wesaba. Kodwa, ngoba siqaphela ukuthi Russia - isitha eqinile futhi sina, ukukhombisa ukuzibamba, nokukhawulela asolwandle izulazula oLwandle Olumnyama. Noma kunjalo, ngo-November 30, 1853 Russian ehlaselwa ngoxhaxha Turkish at ihange eduze waseConstantinople, futhi alichitha ngokuphelele, kwashona 4,000 nabaseTurkey. Lapho imikhumbi British nesiFulentshi wafika endaweni yesehlakalo, kwakungasekho okunye kodwa aphume imfucumfucu ukuze asindise abasindile.

Lezi zindaba okubangelwa ukucasula jikelele eBrithani. Impassive kuleli qophelo nabezindaba baqala ukuba zitshele senzo. Izisebenzi zikahulumeni osolwa lelo phephandaba linethonya elingakanani servility, ubuthakathaka kanye manqikanqika. Ikakhulu, i-cindezela ngayo bangatuswa ngokungahlonizi uNdunankulu.

Izincwadi ezinjengethi kuye kwadingeka impendulo enkulu, isimo somphakathi kwashintsha kakhulu. Kudingeke ukuba senze okuthile ukuze usize ngeshwa-Turks ovinjezelwe. Turkey uqobo wabizwa 'Ogulayo eYurophu.' Melana igagasi elikhulu umbono weningi Akwenzekanga, bese Februwari 28, 1854 uhulumeni waseBrithani ekhishwe ugwayi katiki Russia - April 30, ukuhoxisa amabutho ayo, kungenjalo ukuthi bekuyoba zimemezele impi. Lokhu ithuba zokuhlala ezinokuthula uzitshiwe ngokuphelele Tsar UNicholas. Ngenxa yalokho, lokhu kwaholela ekuqaleni kweMpi abadumile YaseCrimea kanye Battle of Balaklava ngo-1854 siqine emlandweni wezwe.

France kanye UK Alliance

Eseqede neFrance isivumelwano ngokusemthethweni umbimbi, eBrithani waqala viva nebutho lakhe ukunqoba Russia. Yiqiniso, impi full-scale ngelinye izwe kangaka njengoba iRussia, kwakungekho ukungabaza. Kusukela ekuqaleni kwempi ngo-1854 Wabonwa njengoba emfushane sifundo nokhahlo ngenhloso ukubeka endaweni upstarts Russian. IBrithani neFrance sinqume ukwenza nezimpi ezimbili - kolwandle, aseBaltic, futhi laphaya phambili, engaphuma usongo main izithakazelo zabo - base-Russian e Sevastopol, eCrimea. Lo msebenzi wawungelula. Mayelana 40 eminyakeni iBrithani iye yaba babejabulela ukuthula, ngaphandle kokufaka ezingxabanweni ezinkulu. Ngokungangabazeki, leli abathintekayo ukusebenza kwakhe, okuyinto akusebenzi isibindi abahlanganyeli kulo mkhankaso. Kodwa kusukela iphuzu Ngenxa ukuphathwa wamabutho aseBrithani ngiswele yesikhathi sesimanje.

Ukufika wamabutho Allied e enhlonhlweni yaseCrimea

Union ibutho kwadingeka umhlaba eCrimea ngaphandle ukusekela ngokwezinto ezibonakalayo: zazingekho ematendeni noma esibhedlela ensimini, noma amasevisi ezempilo, futhi ngenxa yalokho, bonke amathemba iphinwe ushintsho isimo sokuziphatha, yokuthi impi kungafiki ukukhulisa isimo sengqondo sezisebenzi. OMfelandawonye - 27 ayizinkulungwane British, isiFulentshi ayizinkulungwane 30 nezinkulungwane ezingamashumi 7-Turks -... Ifike e Yalta 14 Septhemba 1854. Ngemva kwalokho, ibutho azihlanganisa wenza imashi ophoqelelwe ngaseningizimu kuya Sevastopol. Ngakusasa kwaba khona impi yokuqala enkulu - iMpi YaseCrimea. Battle of Balaklava kuyoba kamuva, kodwa ibutho manje azihlanganisa waqhubeka ecasula ngokuzethemba. Uma ohlangothini ehlasela futhi kwammangaza yokuthi e Yevpatoriya abaphikisi abazange babe ukumelana efanele, ngokushesha kakhulu waqaphela ukuthi kungani.

Impi yase-uMfula i-Alma

Kanye oluseningizimu emfuleni Alma esabalindele, ibutho Russian. Ukubona kwaba yinto esabisayo. Ngokokuqala ngqá kwamaqembu amabili ihlangane nabo ubuso nobuso. Ngemva nje sehora obukholisayo amabutho oMfelandawonye kufinyelelwa ahlula. Ugajwe Russian baphoqeleka ukuba siphumele Sevastopol.

Nakuba vospryanuvshie umoya AmaNgisi ekhululekile, bambalwa kakhulu abantu wayazi ukuthi kuleli okwamanje kukhona umcimbi, okuyinto imiselwe abe senguquko yomkhankaso. Nkosi Lucan Raglan wazama yokumbonisa ukuvumela nebutho lakhe ukuba aphishekele ayesebuyela Russian. Kodwa wala Raglan. Nge ngekusitwa isiFulentshi, wanquma ukuhlasela Sevastopol kusukela eningizimu. Ukuya lokhu, wathatha uhambo impi okwathatha isikhathi eside kangako uyakhathaza. ikhanda Russian of Sevastopol esengaphansi Kornilov bakusebenzisa lokhu isipho ukudalelwa futhi waqala ukuqinisa ulayini ukuzivikela. Enye yezinto ezisemqoka ka iBrithani neFrance bekulokhu umsebenzi ukuhlinzeka amasosha ukudla ngesikhwameni sakhe, eyabekwa olwandle. Ngenxa yale njongo-ke kwakudingekile ukuba liyobamba echwebeni ejulile amanzi. Kukhethwa wawela phezu Balaklava. Ngo-September 26, i-British athumba bay.

Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu, wayelokhu ephazamisa njalo in the kwezidingo imikhiqizo. Leli gagasi kungangcoli. Uhudo kanye nekholera Kwagqashuka. Ngokushesha bonke nge bajabula kubangelwa ukunqoba kwe-Alma. Umuzwa wokungabi nathemba esinamathambo amabutho, morale ababaziwa kwancipha ngokushesha. Kodwa phambi kwamabutho amabili wamelela senzakalo esikhulu - impi ka Balaklava - impi ngobukhulu eMpini YaseCrimea.

Balaklava impi ka 1854.

Okthoba 25 Russian lasungula okuhlaselayo wasithatha Balaklava. Yaqala impi odumile Balaklava - ukunqoba Crimean Russia waqala ngaso leso sikhathi. Kusukela imizuzu yokuqala ukuphakama impi amabutho bekulokhu ohlangothini Russian. Wazehlukanisa empini Mnumzane Colin Campbell, eyakha amasosha akhe esikhundleni isikwele evamile emigqeni emibili futhi bayalwa ukuba alwe kuze kube sekugcineni. hussars Ukuhlasela babemangele ukubona isitha ukwakhiwa engavamile ngabo. Engazi ukuthi wayezobathola kanjani ukuba asabele, baziyeka. amaqhawe Scottish Sekuyisikhathi eside zihlukaniswa isibindi kudlangile. Ngakho-ke, ingxenye amasosha ngokomzwelo wemvelo baphuthuma isitha. Kodwa Campbell wayazi ukuthi lokhu angahlubula kube inhlekelele, futhi wayala amasosha ukuba lungadambisa intshiseko yakhe. Futhi kuphela uma mabutho isiRashiya kwakuwulimi ifinyeleleke, wayaleza ukuvula umlilo.

I Salvo lokuqala isitha bedangele, kodwa akazange ukunqanda ukuhlaselwa. Ngenxa yalokho, yesibili volley abakhwele amahhashi irregularly waphendukela ngakwesobunxele. A volley lwesithathu kusukela flank kwesokunxele wenza hussars ashona. Lokhu onesimo nobuqhawe baba traffic owaziwayo kanye waziwa ngokuthi Uhlelo Izacile Red Line. Balaklava impi aziphelelanga lapho. Ekhuthazwe impumelelo ye 93rd Regiment, iphansi kwesandla sika-amasosha Campbell cishe ophoqelelwe ukubaleka Russian. Balaklava impi iphela ngo-uzowanqoba British.

Ukunqotshwa kwe-ibutho azihlanganisa

Nokho, Russian futhi akazange acabange bangayeki. Emahoreni ambalwa nje unyaka nesigamu ngemva kokunqotshwa Battle of balaclava, bona obekwe kabusha ngamaqembu futhi futhi babekulungele ukuhlasela. Usuku owaqala kahle ngakho iBrithani, yaphela inhlekelele. Russian wabhubhisa cishe ngokuphelele Khanyisa Brigade, ashaqe isibhamu labetibambile ingxenye eziphakeme. AmaNgisi kungase kubonise ku ukulandelana abawayeka nokungezwani kuphela. Balaklava impi ka-October 25, 1854 yaphela nge kokunqoba kwemibandela ibutho Russian.