UMbusi Alba: Biography

Fernando Alvarez de Toledo, iNkosana Yase-Alba, ogama biography ekutshela eziningi amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngokuphila kwakhe kanye nomsebenzi, yazalwa ngo-1507. Kwakuyisikhathi jikelele Spanish owaziwa, kanye sikahulumeni ethandwa. Ngenxa nesihluku wethiwa "Iron Duke".

Ebuntwaneni futhi intsha Ngokuzayo Duke olunegazi

Fernando de Toledo wazalwa ngo-October 29, 1508 kwelinye imikhaya endala futhi abahlonishwa kakhulu wekuvana Spain. Ubaba wakhe washona lapho Alvarez de Toledo wayesalokhu esemncane, khona-ke Wakhuliswa njengomFarisi Umkhulu esiqinile. Wenza konke okusemandleni akhe ukuze zikhule kusukela kumfana kuya Catholic, inceku oshisekayo ezithembekile inkosi, futhi isosha siyalwe kanzima. Lapho ngineminyaka engu-iminyaka eyishumi nesithupha iNkosana Yase-Alba uye wakhonza njengomdala sebutho nemikhankaso uMbusi uCharles V ngokumelene French.

Kusukela 1531 Fernando odlale iqhaza ekulweni abaseTurkey. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wakhushulelwa jikelele emva kweminyaka emibili futhi owayevelele ngesikhathi evimbezela Tunis ngo-1535. Ngemva sivikele Perpignan ekuhlaselweni French e-1542-m, wamiswa ngo-Charles Omkhulu Wesihlanu umeluleki wezempi umlandeli wakhe, uPhilippe.

Izimpi eziningi owaziwa yisikhathi

UMbusi Alba wayala abakhwele amahhashi, okuyinto kakhulu nomthelela ukunqoba yasebukhosini Mühlberg ngo-1547. Futhi emva kweminyaka emihlanu, Fernando Alvarez yabusa umyalo jikelele zamabutho Spanish e-Italy. Noma kunjalo, iNkosana ayikwazanga ukuvimbela ukunqotshwa zamabutho yasebukhosini, njengoba yalokhu kuye kwaholela abdication kombusi e 1556.

UPhilip II, waba iNkosi Spain, Fernando de Toledo, umbusi ezimisiwe Milan, kanye umkhuzi webutho lempi Italy. Kukhona iNkosana Yase-Alba is balwa impi ngokumelene ibutho sobupapa Paul Wesine, owayengufakazi sizana isiFulentshi, ekuqaleni kwazo amasosha Spanish elinambini lamawaka. Nakuba ngokugwema ukuhlaselwa ngqo ku Rome, ukuthi akukho ukuphindaphinda 1527.

Kusiza uPapa, noma ukunqoba okuphelele Fernando

Ubaba bezenza ukhuthaza abaphikisi ukuba kuthula, nginethemba lokuthi manje tando qhebeza phezulu nga amabutho isiFulentshi, kodwa abantu abaningi baseSpain bagajwa tshoda Battle of San Quentin. Futhi ngaphandle kokusekelwa amabutho kulindeleke amabutho sobupapa anqotshwa. Fernando Alvarez okubangelwa uPapa ukwamukela umhlaba 1557, okwakwenza kube lula ukuthola ukubusa Spanish e-Italy isikhathi esingaphezu kweminyaka eyikhulu.

Ngawo lowo nyaka phakathi mithi saseSpain eFrance kuthula esayinwe Cateau-Cambrésis. Nakuba eyathatha kule nkontileka, inhlonhlo Italian sisesimweni isikhathi eside lokuphumula. Futhi esigabeni esilandelayo okuphawulekayo Biography of the edumile Fernando - umkhankaso iNkosana Yase-Alba e 1567 kanye ukubusa kwawo okwalandela eNetherlands, lapho ushiye uphawu ngokujulile emlandweni ethile ngenxa yezenzakalo ezenzeka ngendlela enesihluku futhi igazi.

izenzo onegazi iNkosana abadumile

Ngo-August 1566 iNetherlands kwakuyisikhathi ukuvukela Iconoclastic, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho laphangwa noma ubhujiswe hhayi kuphela isibalo zezindela, kodwa futhi amasonto kanye eziqoshiwe lamaKatolika. Ukuxazulula izinkinga mayelana nezindaba zemibango nezingxabano zenkolo Korol filipp II wathumela Fernando wahola khetha ibutho e-Netherlands. Kukhona iNkosana Yase-Alba, ogama biography uyenaba ngaleli sikhathi, ushiye izinkumbulo olunegazi kakhulu.

Fernando langena endaweni Brussels Agasti 22, ngo-1567 wabe esemiswa njengombusi wesifundazwe-jikelele. Futhi emva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa afike wasungula khona iSikhungo "Igazi Council" ukucindezela baqede nokuvukela. Lokhu Council isebenza ne austerity nokhahlo. Ngisho ababili abakhulu ezibaluleke kakhulu futhi odumile kuleli zwe, amagrafu, izahluko yezikhulu lase, Egmont kanye Uphondo, waboshwa futhi lakhe lathethwa khona. base kamuva wabulawa.

Entsha uhlelo intela

Futhi nokubulawa abangu ngaphansi amadoda engaphezu kwenkulungwane yazo zonke amaviyo ngamaviyo, kwaba kanye abaningi babalekela phesheya ngenxa yezizathu zokuphepha. Zonke lezo yicala, ababulawa 5 Juni 1568 e-Town Hall Square e Brussels. UMbusi Alba ngohlamvu ezinzima, ukuthi akucaci kahle ukuthi kuleli lobulungiswa lase. Wabona-ke njengoba uzwela abamangalelwa. Ngakho-ke, Fernando Alvarez ayethanda ukubulawa lapho ofakazi eziningi.

Ukugcina amasosha Flanders kuhilelani izindleko kwezomnotho abalulekile. Futhi iNkosana onegazi Alba wanquma ukwethula indlela entsha intela e emazweni Benelux, ngokuyinhloko abaseSpain uhlelo intela ngesilinganiso esingamaphesenti ayishumi per cent ku ukudluliswa kwempahla ngalinye. Abaningi esifundazweni ngaleso sikhathi wathenga indlela yakhe inkokhelo yesikhathi esisodwa, waqala ukukhathazeka okujulile kule ndaba, ukuthi ukuchuma kwamazwe Benelux sibukelwa phasi.

Ukuyekelela of ukukhokhwa kwezintela, noma yavukela kuvukela

Ezinye izakhamizi senqabe ukukhokhela "okweshumi" njengoba babiza loko intela, futhi asusa isidumo yasheshe kulo lonke eNetherlands. wethiwa iSikhulu Orange, uWilliam Thulile addressed amaHuguenot eFrance, ukuze unikeze usizo abaludingayo, waqala ukusekela izihlubuki. Sikanye amabutho France ngathatha eziningi izindawo.

A ukuvinjezelwa Haarlem libhekene izenzo zobudlova zombili. Ethola iziqu yokubuyiswa edolobheni kanye nokulahlekelwa kwabantu kungathi izinkulungwane ezimbili. Ngenxa eside nomkhankaso wempi kanye yokucindezelwa ngesihluku izakhamuzi sihlubuki owachitha iNkosana Yase-Alba, Netherlands kuvikelwe kuye isidlaliso "Iron Duke".

Idumela lakhe liye lasetshenziswa ukuze inkulumo-ze phakathi Abashokobezi futhi nomthelela okwengeziwe bazonde-Spanish. Fernando wahlala ethandwa ebuthweni iSpanishi, okuyinto akazange angabaze ukuchitha umzuzu nje owodwa, njalo mangiqagele ngokunembile imizwa yabantu.

Ukubuya eSpain, noma iminyaka yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe

Naphezu izimpi eziqhubekayo, isimo e-Netherlands akuyona esivuna Spain. Ngemva ezingabekwa zokucindezelwa kwalabo bantu eziningi, eyathatha iminyaka emihlanu, cishe izinkulungwane ezinhlanu nokubulawa kanye nezikhalo njalo uPhilip II isinqumo ukudambisa isimo ngokuvumela Fernando de Toledo, ukubuyela eSpain.

Duke Sasuka Holland, namanje edwengulwe yokuvukela, Disemba 18, 1573. Ekubuyeleni kwakhe e-Spain, Fernando wazithola aphume umusa nenkosi. Nokho, ngemva kweminyaka elikhomba, uPhilip II ethunywe ekunqotshweni Portugal kuye.

Fernando Alvarez sashada ngo-1527, umzala wakhe Maria Enrique de Toledo. Kule umshado washiya izindlalifa ezine: Garcia, Fadrique, Diego futhi uBeatriz. Kukhona nobufakazi obubhalwe, ukuthi ingane yakhe yokuqala zizalelwe ngaphandle komshado, lapho kwazalwa indodakazi zokugaya.

UMbusi Alba, isithombe okuyinto Yiqiniso, omncane ayengumuntu ofana nathi, kepha ajwayelekile kunoma mlando esifunda Umlandvomphilo ubuntu evelele, washona ngo-eLisbon ngo 11 Disemba 1582. Fernando izinsalela zadluliselwa Alba de Tormes, wangcwatshwa esigodlweni sezindela San Leonardo.