Umqambi German Richard Strauss: A Biography, lokusungula

Richard Strauss - umqambi, ogama opera nenkondlo zomculo linqotshiwe isambulo ngokomzwelo. Expressionism (inkulumo) yemisebenzi yakhe kuyinto ukusabela abukhali umphakathi isikhathi.

Richard Strauss. Biography of umqambi

Richard lenkaba ayisekho. Ngo-1864, Munich kwaba ezimele emzini uMbuso eBavaria, bese bajoyine emazweni isiJalimane. Ngo-June 11, umndeni enkantolo umculi Franz Strauss indodana. Nobaba bakhonza opera uphondo French (umoya ithuluzi, ngalokwanele sifana ipayipi Helical). Yena waba nguthisha wokuqala umculo Richard. Amakilasi zilethwa kokubili injabulo yangempela, lokhu kuye kwaholela yokuthi umfana kudala njengoba 6 ubudala yingcweti notation emculweni futhi ithuluzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuzithiba eqamba opera kuqala futhi wayeka ngokubhala kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe.

uyise Isayensi umfana babebonakala olandelanayo kakhulu, ayekufuna inkulumo ezahlukene umculo. Ngo 1874, Richard Strauss wahlangana kuyo okokuqala nabahloli imisebenzi Wagner, isitayela sakhe bangaphezi enqoba futhi isimo of the opera. Kodwa ubaba ukholelwa ngobuqotho lemisebenzi umculo we ekilasini aphansi ngisho wenqabela indodana yakhe ukuba ubalalele. afinyelele ebudaleni kuphela, Richard iqala ucwaningo olujulile isikolo "Tristan futhi Isolde". Okwamanje, uba khona ukuprakthiza Court Orchestra futhi ithola eemfundweni okhestra futhi imfundiso.

isitayela umqambi

Umculo Strauss - usesho isitayela yakhe edumile ukuthi lathathwa Richard eminyakeni embalwa. Ngo 1882 wangena Institute of Philosophy nomlando e Munich, kodwa ishiya emva ukuqeqeshwa ngonyaka. Kodwa kwaba khona wahlangana Max Schillings. Amadoda amabili asemancane abangane abaseduze yokuthi Strauss lula bakwazi ukuqinisekisa abanye ukuthi benze umsebenzi intandokazi sina. Ngenxa yalokhu, eJalimane uthola umqhubi ekhaliphile umqambi imikhiqizo waseshashalazini, kanye uthisha kanye "Mona Lisa" opera poster.

Richard Strauss yena ethunyelwe Berlin. Kube uthola okuthunyelwe ka umqhubi futhi aqhubeka ebhala izinhlamvu izingoma isitayela olandelanayo kayise. Isibonelo esihle "Uphondo Concerto №1» yakhe. Ngemva 1883 lo Strauss abasebasha bahlangana nge Aleksandrom Ritterom. Isihlobo ezikude Wagner engenza lo mfana ukuthi umculo bakhe beqiniso ngeke ukuphindaphinda kothile ukuthi izinkondlo Symphonic - lokhu kuyindlela esifanele umqambi. Kusukela manje kuqhubeke ukuthi uqinisekile ekubeni ukukhanya kanye nesitayela eliqhakazile Strauss.

ukuphila Siqu

nethonya elikhulu ukudalelwa futhi umsebenzi Richard Strauss kwadingeka umshado wakhe ujabulile Pauline de-Ana Maria uyena. Bahlangana ngo-1887 Munich. Paulina waqala solo opera umculi wakhe wathatha izifundo kusukela umqambi. Ngenxa protégé bamlandela baya Weimar. aseqala Brilliant e-1890, ngo-1894 wadlala indima ethile ebhayisikobho opera uthisha wakhe "Guntram." lomshado Young senzeka ngo-September 10 edolobheni Marquartstein.

uhlamvu Abangalaleli we nonkosikazi Richter wakhuthazelela stoically asekele izimfanelo zakhe abanamakhono ubuntu. Ngokusho kweminye izitatimende ukuthi behlele izinsuku zethu, emva izimpi abanolaka nge Pauline yena evakashela umsebenzi okhethekile Muse ugqozi. Ngokuqinisekile, kwakuphakathi ngesikhathi umshado wakhe Richard Strauss wabhala imisebenzi yakhe ephambili kunawo wonke. Ukuze umkakhe ebhala izingoma ezimbalwa, ngemva kwalokho ekukhishweni udumo umculi liye landa.

Happy ukuphila uthando pair iphelile ngenxa iphutha iwubuphukuphuku. Ngolunye usuku umkami wamnikela inothi kumyeni wakhe, lapho savakashela eJalimane, ngo owesifazane ongaziwa. Ngosuku olulandelayo, Pauline wafaka isicelo sesehlukaniso. Lapho ngibuyela ekhaya, Richard wazama ukuchaza actress ngokomzwelo, ukuthi akazange enze lutho, kodwa ngeke bamlalele. Kuze kube sekupheleni kokuphila kwakhe umqambi kwadingeka imizwa yothando ngomuntu owayeyintombi yakhe unkosikazi, hhayi nje ngokubhala umculo alenzele isihlawulelo, futhi akekho omunye umuntu awahlangabezananga.

lokusungula Strauss

Umqambi Richard Strauss wazama yini ukuba sivumele ukunqotshwa "Iziphepho zezombusazwe" kuleli zwe, kodwa njengoba umdali kweqiniso ugxile isimo sabantu zabo. Waphila iminyaka engu-ezingaphezu kuka-80 futhi wathola ezintathu ezahlukene zikahulumeni umbuso. Ohlukile umqambi - in a ukusebenza isimanga. Bhala umculo, ayengakwenza njalo futhi yonke indawo, ngaphandle kokuba yokudala "yokujama tsi" noma izinhlekelele. Umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala, "Guntram ', wadala 1893 - kuyinto idrama zomculo, classically eyakhelwe ekuhlolweni kokuqala ngaleso isibukeli.

Ngaphezu kwalokho ukusebenza umqambi has ezihlukahlukene okunjalo izinhlobo livela umsebenzi abalobi ezahlukene. "Kusukela e-Italy" (1886, Richard Strauss) - inkondlo Symphonic elotshwe okuvelayo travel. Ngezinye 21, umqambi abasha evakashela leli zwe romantic inyanga ngakho yonke imizwelo emangazayo Ufaka kubo ephepheni umculo. Isibukeli sengqondo kuyadida kuya symphony, kodwa umqambi uqale ukukhuluma futhi ukhumbule igama lakhe.

"UDon Juan" (1889)

Eminyakeni 25 Straus ifinyelela amakhono ovuthiwe futhi iwina emhlabeni zomculo lokhu, inkondlo eqinile iphile. Kube wathonywa Italian futhi ilanga, futhi wa ngaphakathi thanda nga umfundi wakhe de Ana. Inkondlo Anikezelwe Ludwig Tuyll, ayefunda nayo e Munich. Kudlalwé senzeka 11 Novemba, kwaba nasici futhi yaphumelela kakhulu.

"Don Giovanni" - indaba zomculo mayelana abathandi runaway. violin Isihloko eshanela, injabulo uyalangazela, kwandulelwe e enchanting isingeniso, efana iziqhumane. Izinsimbi nehabhu inkulumo mayelana magic uthando kowesifazane. amanothi okuphansi Wharton negekle ukukhuluma hleba mnene nangomsindo ezicashile violin. Izinsimbi abanobunye ipayipi egcwele umphefumulo fun okungapheli. Umvuthwandaba play - tremolo violin nothando futhi incithakalo nesihamba sodwa.

"Macbeth" (1888-1890 GG.)

Emva "uDon Juan" wabhala Richard Strauss opera "Macbeth". Lokhu symphony ongakaze enze furore omkhulu futhi kubhekwa supersaturated ngalokujulile. uyise umqambi ukunika lo mkhiqizo ukuhlolwa abukhali futhi izicelo ukuguqula izinto ezincwadini zakhe. Ngokusho kwakhe, umbono akukubi, kodwa kubalulekile ukuba ukuxosha zonke ukweqisa wezinsimbi. It kuvimbela umbukeli ukuqonda ngokudayisa wombhali kanye ukuzwa lokho ayezokusho.

Noma kunjalo, abantu abaningi bakuthola eduze nesimo sakhe isimo kwengqondo. Yokuzindla kaShakespeare, usizi ukuphrinta ubugebengu - imiqondo ofinyelelekayo Luyogcizelela. Lo msebenzi imayelana careerism futhi ukuhaha abantu abangafuni ukuyeka ngisho phambi ubugebengu.

"Ukufa nokuphila isimo" (1888-1889 GG.)

Lokhu opera Richard Strauss - bezibona ezicashile imithetho emhlabeni futhi ngobuthakathaka bobuntu. Kulotshiwe ekuqa- ushintsho ohlelweni kahulumeni futhi libonise nokwesaba emphakathini wanamuhla ukushintsha nokungaqiniseki ngekusasa. Umqondo ubumpofu nokufa enkondlweni Richard Kugcizelela ne intellectuality yayo.

Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinto ungumbhali waleli symphony udlala amandla, engokomfanekiso futhi ingcindezi. Kodwa njengoba umsebenzi ahlukene unawe opera ezithakazelisayo kakhulu. Lonke iphuzu yokuntuleka induduzo engokomoya ukuphela ongenakuvinjelwa futhi esibi indoda ozazisayo khona kwakhe.

"Merry enza imigilingwane enjengeye" (1895)

"Namaqhinga Fun Size Eulenspiegel" Strauss enikelwe umngane wakhe u-Arthur Seidl. Babetadisha kuyo le nyuvesi e Munich futhi wavumelana ukudalwa Wagner Ngothando. Seidl ngesikhathi esisodwa kwakubhekwa njengesenzo uchwepheshe phezu komsebenzi kanye Biography of the umqambi, eyachitha konke ukuphila kwayo walingisa Richard. Ngemva kwalokho, u-Arthur wamabhuku wephephandaba German ephakathi C. Klatte wabhala incwadi mayelana nomhlobo wakhe. "Uphawu uhlaka" kuyinto biography lokuqala kanye nokuhlaziywa umsebenzi zomculo Richard Strauss.

Inkondlo seziqalile ukusetshenziswa yayo e Cologne, wawuhloselwe waseHerzen Orchestra, olwenziwa F. Vyultern. Ubude mkhiqizo imizuzu engu-15 kuphela, kodwa a baxgeki bathi kuyinto phezulu ithalenta umlobi. Kusahlaziywa yakhe M. Kennedy ulibiza ngokuthi "s ezihlekisayo." Umdlalo siqukethe 27 iziqephu, okuyinto zibekwe umsebenzi indaba ukuzidela edume iqhawe Eulenspiegel kusukela ekuzalweni kuze kube sekufeni.

"Wakhuluma Ngakho Zarathustra" (1896)

Ngaphakathi dalo of le nkondlo futhi ukuwo nezinye bomculo Artur Zaydl. Ngu uhlobo imisebenzi yakhe, yena kusuka 1898 kuya ku-1999 wayeqashwe Nietzsche Ingobo yomlando. It Nguyena futhi owanika Richard "Ngakho wakhuluma Zarathustra" incwadi ngesibani sazi abadumile. Strauss wabhala ngaphansi umbono ukufunda inkondlo omkhulu Symphonic. 9 izingcezu ube amagama izahluko zencwadi. Umbhali ngokwakhe uyosingatha ukusebenza kuqala Frankfurt.

Abagxeki ajabulela ne ombukiso Romanticism German, lapho uhlobo "kuyisicefe" isebenza nge despotism uyahlanya. Umculo ngokuvamile sisetshenziswa ezweni lanamuhla namabhayisikobho. Ngokwesibonelo, i-Screen Saver hlelo "Yini? Kuphi? Nini? "Futhi movie" Space Odyssey ". Kuqondiswe ngu S. Kubrick wathatha izingcezwana we symphony "Wakhuluma Ngakho Zarathustra" (Strauss) ukuba afake yonke ekuseni.

"USalome" (1905)

Drama Richard kulotshiwe ku umkhiqizo Oscar Wilde, lapho umbhali ubhale i- Sary Bernar. Kudlalwé kwaphawulwa kungamanyala ezinjalo e-Berlin ukuthi lokhu zingafundwa njengoba i impumelelo okungakaze kubonwe play. Erotica lobukhali ngokomzwelo East, uSalome zokuziphatha okubi ngokungafani ubumsulwa Baptist - yilokho engokomfanekiso idolo lokhu umqambi like Richard Strauss. "USalome" kwalotshwa futhi iminyaka nesigamu. Ngo kokuhlinzwa, umlingisi ukuxhumana protagonist. Esikhundleni monster flat kanye oqondile imbozwe isifiso isilwane, kwabonakala intombazane ethambile buhlanganisa uthando ezibuhlungu.

I-opera samaPuritan German iye yabangela Izibuyekezo ingxubevange baxgeki. Ngisho abahlabeleli wenqaba ukwenza indima play, ukushaya kuyisono. Lo mlingisi lokuqala owanikezwa indima uSalome, Richard wathi ngolaka: "Mina ngiyindlela owesifazane oziphethe kahle!". Noma kunjalo, lena umculi M. Wittich wathatha inkululeko yokukhuluma yokuqala.

"Alpine" (1915)

inkondlo Kugcine Symphonic umqambi-German. Ngisho ebusheni bakhe bokuqala Richard ayinandaba umbono yokudala umculo owawuzwakala sengathi intaba ekhuphuka. Kathathu wawuqala umsebenzi, kodwa isikhathi ngasinye amashidi zomculo bathunyelwa eniphemba umlilo. Kuphela ngo-1914, "Frau ohne Schatten" ngemva opera, umlobi waphinda kuthathwe sokuthuthukiswa lo mbono.

Kudlalwé okwenzeka mhlaka-18 Febhuwari ngesikhathi Berlin, olwenziwa umlobi. "Kuvele Alpine Symphony" - yezinto ethandwa kakhulu esikhathini sethu. Lolu hlelo umculo, abahlukaniswe ngokwencazelo yaleli 22 izingcezu. I last ekhonsathini sikhunjulwe Richard kubhekwe lo ElikaDavide lwaseBavaria State Orchestra ngo-1941.

umqambi ingoma

Kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe umbhali utlole iculo abaningi ngoba soprano, owahlabelela owesifazane wakhe ozithandayo. Lwenza le "Izingoma Four Kugcine" ngo-1948. Ngo ekhonsathini, lo msebenzi is nalapho kwaqedwa. Richard Strauss, ogama iculo bebelokhu egcwele ukomela ukuphila futhi omuhle ngabe indzabambhalo zokugcina nakhu akubhala ukukhathala nokulangazela sokufa. Ilinde ukuphela umsindo lula, ephephile babantu, zaziphila ukuphila okumatasa.

"Ngo-ukukhanya kwakusihlwa" - ingoma yokuqala ulokhu ekhuluma ukuthula kwengqondo, abhalwe amavesi J. Eichendorff. Okulandelayo kufike "Spring" futhi "abalala." Final "Septhemba" - i Ukungena emangalisayo kwemizwelo yasebusika nemvula ukukhanya. Lezi imisebenzi ku izinkondlo kaHermann Hesse. Wonke amaculo - inhlanganisela eliyingqayizivele umculo nombhalo. Isibhakabhaka futhi isitayela yakhe sinamandla kakhulu kangangokuba ukugxekwa, siqaphela amaculo amaningi akusebenzi ngisho '48, futhi manje bheka them njengoba isidalwa kumbhali eziqine.

Umbhali kanye umqhubi

Ngaphezu kwalezi opera Symphonic, Richard wabhala "Domestic Symphony" futhi "Don Quixote", "Ukuphila kuyisipho iqhawe" futhi suite "Le Onxiwankulu Gentilhomme", kanye neminye imisebenzi eminingana yimpumelelo kungabi. Ngaphezu imisebenzi Strauss - umbhidisi umculo wakhe futhi kwezinye izincwadi zezazi-abaqambi. repertoire yakhe - lokhu opera symphony abalobi ubudala 18-20.

Richard Strauss - the romantic yokugcina yesikhathi sakhe - uye esibonakala umsebenzi wakhe amahlaya kanye lula:

"Mhlawumbe angisona umqambi unqambothi, kodwa mina -! A unqambothi osezingeni eliphasi umqambi".