Beethoven nabanye abaqambi baseJalimane

Akukho lizwe emhlabeni eliye laletha abantu njengabaqambi abaningi abakhulu njengeJalimane. Imibono yendabuko ngamaJalimane, njengabantu abanobuhlakani kakhulu futhi abahamba ngezinyawo, ihlukana nethrekhi enjalo yamalenta omculo (noma kunjalo, inkondlo). Abaqambi baseJalimane uBach, Handel, Beethoven, Brahms, Mendelssohn, Schumann, Schubert, Arf, Wagner bakude nohlu oluphelele lwabaculi abanamakhono abanomculo omangalisayo wezingoma zomculo ezihlukahlukene.

Abaqambi baseJalimane uJohn Sebastian Bach noJohn Georg Händel, bobabili abazalwa ngo-1685, babeka izisekelo zomculo we-classical futhi baletha iJalimane "phambili" kwezwe lomculo, lapho amaNtaliyane ayebusa khona. Umsebenzi kaBach oqhakazile , ongaqondi ngokugcwele futhi owaziwa ngabantu abaphila ngesikhathi esifanayo, wabeka isisekelo esinamandla lapho wonke umculo we-classicism wakhula kamuva.

Abaqambi beklasi elikhulu uJaydn, WA Mozart noL. Beethoven bangabameleli abaqhakazile bezikole zase-Viennese - izikhombisi zomculo ezathuthuka ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-18 - ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19. Igama elithi "ama-classics ase-Viennese" lisho ukubamba iqhaza kwabaqambi base-Austria, ababeyi-Haydn no-Mozart. Kamuva bahlanganyela noLudwig van Beethoven, umqambi waseJalimane (umlando walawa mazwe angomakhelwane awuhlanganiswa kahle).

UmJalimane omkhulu, owashona ngobumpofu kanye nesizungu, uye wazuza inkazimulo yobudala yena kanye nezwe lakhe. Abaqambi be-German-romantics (i-Schumann, i-Schubert, i-Brahms nabanye), kanye nabaqambi banamuhla baseJalimane njengoPaul Hindemith, uRichard Strauss, abaye baphila kude ne-classicism emisebenzini yabo, nokho baqaphela ithonya elikhulu likaBeethoven emsebenzini wawo noma yimuphi wabo.

ULudwig van Beethoven

U-Beethoven wazalelwa eBonn ngo-1770 emndenini womculi ompofu nokuphuza. Naphezu komkhuba wakhe owonakele, ubaba wakhe wakwazi ukubona ithalenta yendodana yakhe endala futhi waqala ukumfundisa umculo wakhe. Waphupha ekwenzeni uLudwig owesibili u-Mozart (uyise kaMozart wabonisa ngempumelelo "ingane yakhe eyisimangaliso" emphakathini kusukela eminyakeni engama-6). Naphezu kokuphathwa kabi kukayise, owaphoqelela indodana yakhe ukuba isebenze usuku lonke, uBeethoven wayemthanda ngothando, eneminyaka eyisishiyagalolunye waze "wamyeka" ekwenzeni, kanti kwabayishumi nanye - waba ngumsizi wophiko lwezinkantolo.

Lapho eneminyaka engama-22 ubudala, u-Beethoven washiya iBonn waya eVienna, lapho afunda khona uMaestro Haydn. Eyinhloko-dolobha yase-Austria, ngaleso sikhathi isikhungo esaziwayo somculo womhlaba wonke, u-Beethoven wathola ngokushesha udumo njengomuntu we-piano we-piano. Kodwa imisebenzi yomqambi, egcwala imizwelo nodlame, ayengavunyelwe ngaso sonke isikhathi umphakathi waseVienna. U-Beethoven, njengomuntu, wayengekho "okhululekile" kwabanye - angase abe into ebukhali futhi ehlambalaza, ngezinye izikhathi ejabule ngokweqile, ephazamisekile futhi ecasulayo. Lezi zimfanelo azange zibe nomthelela empumelelweni kaBeethoven emphakathini, wayebhekwa njengomuntu onama talent.

Inhlekelele kaBeethoven iyisithulu. Lesi sifo senza ukuphila kwakhe kwasuswa kakhulu futhi kunesizungu. Kwakubuhlungu kumqambi ukwenza izidalwa zakhe zobuhlakani futhi angalokothi azizwe. Ukungazizwa akuzange kuphule inkosi enamandla, waqhubeka nokudala. Njengoba kakade isithulu ngokuphelele, uBeethoven uqobo lwakhe wenza i-symphony yakhe ehlakaniphile ngegama elidumile elithi "Ode to Joy" ngamazwi kaSchiller. Amandla nethemba lomculo, ikakhulukazi anikezwe izimo ezimbi zokuphila komqambi, namanje umangale umcabango.

Kusukela ngo-1985, u-Beethoven "Ode to Joy" ekucutshungulweni kukaHerbert von Karajan waqashelwa njengengoma esemthethweni ye-European Union. U-Romain Rolland wabhala ngalomculo: "Bonke abantu bendlulisela izandla zabo ezulwini ... bahambela enjabulweni bese beyifinyelela esifubeni sayo".