Impi YaseCrimea

Impi yaseCrimea ka-1853-1856 yaqala ukuthuthukiswa njengesiRussia-Turkish eyodwa. Okushiwo umzabalazo kwakuwukubusa eMiddle East.

Impi YaseCrimea, enezimbangela ezihlobene nokukhula kwenhlangano yokukhulula inkululeko eMbusweni wase-Ottoman kanye nokwehluleka kwamandla eSultan, esikhundleni sokumemezela umbuso wezombusazwe, kunciphise kakhulu amandla angaphakathi naphakathi kwe-tsarism.

UNicholas 1 wazama ukungenelela ezindabeni zaseTurkey ukuze avimbele ukuguqulwa kwegazi okwegazi. Ngo-1850, uhulumeni waseNapoleon wase-Abdulmajid (waseTurkey sultan) wayefuna ukuba abefundisi bamaKatolika ePalestina banikwe "izihluthulelo zeNkosi ye-Holly." Ngokuqondene nalokhu, abapristi abangama-Orthodox eJerusalema babuyela kuNicholas 1 usizo. I-Tsar yaseRussia yathumela uMenshikov (isikhulu sakhe esingavamile) eConstantinople ngo-1853.

I-Prince Menshikov, esikhundleni se-ultimatum, ifuna iziphakamiso ezihlangene ne-Turkey. Wacela ovela e-sultan yaseTurkey ukuba aqaphele ukuhlonishwa kukaNicholas 1 phezu kwezifundo zama-Orthodox eTurkey. Izidingo zikaMenshikov zanqatshwa yiSultan, exhaswe yiFrance neGreat Britain.

I-tsar yaseRussia, ehoxise inxusa laseTurkey, inquma ukuba ihlasele amabutho akhe ezinhloko zeDanube. Ngo-1853 ngoJuni 21, imibuso yaseRussia, ngaphandle kokubhekana nezithiyo endleleni, yahlasela izikhulu ezazibizwa nge-sultan.

Ukukhula kwale mpikiswano kwaqondiswa yiqiniso lokuthi akuwona amandla aseYurophu anelisekile ngokuqiniswa kweRussia ngenxa yezindawo zaseTurkey. Ukuhlolwa okungalungile kweRussia kwe-simo emhlabeni kwaholela ekuhlukanisweni kwezombusazwe eRussia. Lokhu kunqume umphumela wezenzo zamasosha ezizayo.

Ukusebenza kwempi kwaqala ngo-1853, ngo-Okthoba 23, emlonyeni weDanube. Kusihlwa ngoNovemba 28, inqola yaseTurkey enezinkulungwane ezingu-5 000 yahlasela uBatumi noPoti ekuthunjweni kukaSt. Nicholas. Lokhu kwaphawula ukuqala kwemisebenzi yempi ensimini yeCaucasus. Lapha isikhundla samabutho aseRussia sasinzima. Ukulwa nempi kwakunqanda ukumelana kwabagibeli bezintaba.

NgoNovemba 18 wabona impi yeSinop. Ukunqoba kwemikhumbi yaseRussia, eyalethwa nguNakhimov, yayinobucwebe. Abasolwandle baseRussia, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa umkhumbi owodwa, bathumela i-squadron yaseTurkey phansi. UMongameli u-Osman Pasha uthathwe.

Impi yaseCrimea yaqhubeka nokungena ezenzweni zezempi zaseFrance naseBrithani. Ngo-1853, ngoDisemba 23, ama-squadrons aseFrance naseBrithani, eseqedile i-Bosporus, angena eLwandle OluMnyama. Uhulumeni waseRussia, naye, wasabela ngokumemezela impi eFrance naseBrithani ngo-1854, ngo-February 9.

Kuwo wonke ama-1854, izindiza zaseFrance naseBrithani zenza iziteleka eziningana ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene ezivela emachwebeni ahlukahlukene eRussia.

Impi yaseCrimea yayinamandla ngokwanele. Amabutho aseRashiya ayala uMenshikov, owayebheka ukufika kwesitha okungenakwenzeka eCrimea. Ekupheleni komfula u-Alma, wahlukunyezwa, ezama ukuvimbela amaFulentshi nabaseBrithani. Uhamba waya eSevastopol, bese eya eBakhchisarai.

Impi yaseCrimea yaqhubeka nokuvinjelwa kweSevastopol. I-bombardment yokuqala yenziwa ngo-1854, ngo-Okthoba 5. Nokho, idolobha laphendula ngomlilo ngezibhamu. Ukuvimbezelwa kweSevastopol kwaqala ukuhudula ngaphandle. Ukubuyiswa kabusha kwafika kusuka eRussia. UMenshikov wanquma ukushaya ngemuva kwesitha, kodwa wanqotshwa ngo-Okthoba 24 empini ye-Inkerman.

Ngo-1854, ngo-December 28, kwaba khona umhlangano wezinxusa zaseRussia, e-Austria, eFrance naseGreat Britain eVienna. Kuxoxwa ngemibuzo yokuthula. Kodwa-ke, akukho zivumelwano ezasayinwe mayelana nokufa kukaNicholas 1. U-Alexander 2 akazange alinge ukwamukela izimo ezinikezwe phambili.

Ekuqaleni kuka-1855, iMpi YaseCrimea yaqhubeka neSardinia, eyangena kuyo. I-Gorchakov, ezama ukuphoqa ukuhlaselwa kukaSevastopol, yahlasela isitha emfuleni iChernaya. Noma kunjalo, wanqotshwa, okwakugcina ekunqunyeni ukuwa kwedolobha.

Ngo-Agasti 7 kwakuhlala uMalakhov Kurgan.

Ngo-1855, ngoDisemba, ukusebenza kwezempi kwaphela kuwo wonke amahlangothi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukukhuluma ngokuthula kwaqala futhi. Ezinsukwini zokugcina zikaFebruwari 1856 iParis Congress yavulwa. Waphetha umsebenzi wakhe ngo-Mashi 18 ngesiphetho seSivumelwano Sokuthula eParis.