UHertha Oberhaizer: ukuhlolwa, biography, isithombe

U-Hertha Oberhuezer ungomunye wabaphikisi abadume kakhulu emilenzeni kaNuremberg odokotela. Igama lakhe lavusa ukwesaba kubantu abaningi, futhi imigqa yamaphephandaba "yahlobisa" isithombe sayo kulo lonke unyaka we-46. Kusamangalisa abantu abaphila ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuthi udokotela olula wezifundazwe angahlanganyela kanjani ekuhlolweni okubi kubantu?

Ubugebengu bamaNazi buyesaba ngisho nangemva kweminyaka engu-70.

Hertha Oberhaizer: biography

UHertha wazalelwa eCologne ngo-1911. Abazali bakhe babeyizisebenzi ezivamile. Impi Yezwe Yokuqala kanye nemiphumela yaso eJalimane yashaya isabelomali somndeni wakwa-Oberhuezer kanzima kakhulu. Uyise wayengu-engineer, ukuthi ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, lapho imboni yezimboni isakazeka kuphela, kwakuwumsebenzi ovelele kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, kwakungekho imali yokuqeqeshwa kukaHertha. Ngakho-ke, kwakudingeka athole imali eyedwa, ehlanganisa izifundo nomsebenzi. Ngo-1937, uHertha waphumelela e-Medical University eDüsseldorf. Idiploma imvumela ukuba aqhubeke nokusebenza kwakhe ngokwesayensi. Ngemva kokuqala kwempi, uthola umsebenzi njengodokotela.

Abantu ababesazi ukuthi u-Oberhauser uqobo lwakhe uthi ngesikhathi sokuqeqeshwa nokuzikhandla, usebenzise ngokuphindaphindiwe izindlela zokuhlola ezilwaneni.

Ofunda nabo bachaza uGert njengomuntu ovalwe futhi ongenakuhlukaniseka. Waziphatha kabi, wayemncane, umona, usho. Njengabantu abaningi abanomlingiswa ofanayo, ngo-1937 wajoyina iqembu lamaNazi lika-Adolf Hitler.

Ukungena kwi-NSDAP

UHertha Oberhuezer wajoyina iqembu lamaNazi eminyakeni emibili ngaphambi kweMpi Yezwe Yesibili. Ngaleso sikhathi, ukubamba iqhaza kwi-NSDAP kwakumelwe kubo bonke abantu abafuna ukunyusa izinga lokusebenza kunoma iyiphi insimu. Kodwa u-Herta naye, ngokusobala, wayeyi-nazi yokucabanga. Akazange abonise noma yimuphi umsebenzi wezopolitiki. Okwamanje, abukho ubufakazi bokukhuluma kwakhe emihlanganweni yephathi noma imisebenzi efanayo. Wayekhona emphakathini odade, lapho kulandelwa khona imithetho nezimiso, okuzo "zonke iziJalimane" ezifanele zilandele.

Ngemva komsebenzi omfushane, uHerta wabona isimemezelo sokuqashwa kwabasebenzi bezokwelapha ekamu lokuhlushwa eRavensbrück. Wathumela isicelo futhi ngo-1941 waqala umsebenzi.

Ikamu lokuhlushwa

Ngemva kokusebenza kwamanani amaningi, izimpi zokuqala ezivuthayo zaqala ePoland. I-Third Reich yafika emikhawulweni ye-USSR futhi ilawulwa ingxenye enkulu yaseYurophu. Kusukela kuwo wonke amazwe, abantu basekhaya kanye neziboshwa zempi bathathwa baya eJalimane. Ejele isikhathi eside kwakungekho izindawo (zaphela lapho amaNazi efika kuphela), ngakho iziboshwa zathunyelwa emakamu okuhlushwa. Enye ye-Ravensbruck, yayingamakhilomitha angaba ngu-100 ukusuka eBerlin. Wayengowesifazane. Ngaphezu kwabesifazane, futhi kwakuqukethe nezingane zabo.

Ekuqaleni, baqhuba "ukuhlambalaza isizwe" abesifazane baseJalimane. Lapho kuqhuma impi, amaRom namaJuda baqala ukuthathwa ekamu. Ngemva kokusebenza kwePoland neYugoslavia, inani leziboshwa landa izikhathi eziningana. Iphesenti elikhulu le-polka. Futhi amaSerbia nabamele ezinye izizwe zobuSlavic. Ngo-1942, amasosha aseSoviet Red Army athunjwe lapha empini yeCrimea aqala ukuthunyelwa lapha.

Ababoshi bekamu baphoqelekile ukuba basebenze ebhizinisini. Babeyizimboni ezinkulu ze-textile, kamuva zathunyelwa ekukhiqizeni amasosha. Futhi, abesifazane kwakudingeka bakhe izindlu zenkampu kanye nendlu yomlindi. Ngosuku lweziboshwa zathola izingcezu ezimbalwa zesinkwa namazambane noma ukuhlanza kwe-borage. Ngenxa yokungondleki, ukusebenza kanzima, izimo ezimbi zokuboshwa, ukuhlushwa nokuhlazeka, ngo-1945, kwabulawa abesifazane nabantwana abangu-92 000 ekamu.

Okuhlangenwe nakho

Abaningi babo bafa ngenxa yokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha. Umsebenzi oyinhloko wokuhlola okunjalo kwakuwukufunda ukuziphatha komzimba womuntu ezimweni ezehlukene ezingezona ezijwayelekile ezingase ziphakame ngesikhathi sezinhlupho. Lokhu kusha, ukupholisa, amanxeba nokunye ukulimala. U-Hertha Oberhuezer wayezibandakanye ngokuqondene nalezi zinqubo. Lezi zivivinyo zaqhutshwa iminyaka eminingana futhi cishe zenzeke ekufeni.

Okokuqala, iziboshwa zikhethiwe, okwathi ngokoMthetho wamaNazi, okwakungcono kakhulu ukuhlolwa. Bese bahlushwa ngamabomu, balingisa ukulimala okutholakala empini. Ngemva kwalokho sabona. "Odokotela" babhala ukuphendula komzimba nokuthuthukiswa kwesifo. Iningi lezinqubo zenziwa ngaphandle kwe-anesthesia. Esikhathini sokuqala ukwelashwa, iziboshwa zazingeniswa ngamalungiselelo esampula yokuhlola ukutadisha umphumela wazo.

Izifo

Isibonelo, izinto ezihlukahlukene ezifana netsimbi ezinomsoco, umhlaba, izinkuni zafakwa emzimbeni weziboshwa. Kwabe sekukhona isifo, esasiphathwa ngezindlela ezehlukene. Ngokusho kwabantu abahlukahlukene, u-Herta Oberhaizer akazange ahlanganyele kuphela ekuhlolweni, kodwa futhi wayekujabulela umsebenzi wakhe. Wenza ngisho nemisebenzi yabanye odokotela abakwazanga ukwenza imisebenzi enjalo. Abaningi besifazane abavivinywa babengamaPoles. Ngo-1943, u-Oberhuezer Hertha wathunyelwa esibhedlela sikaGerbhardt, lapho esebenza kuze kube sekupheleni kwempi.

Iziboshwa zaseRavensbrück zazivivinya kuze kufike umbuso wamaNazi. Ngo-1945, izingxenye ze-Red Army zakhulula iziboshwa zokugcina. Abaningi babo bathunyelwa emazweni aseScandinavia ngaphansi kohlelo lwe-Red Cross.

Izivivinyo zaseNuremberg odokotela

UHertha Oberhuezer wathathwa ekupheleni kwempi futhi waboshwa. Ngo-1946, inqubo eyaziwa yenzeke odokotela.

Wayehlanganiswa kabanzi kumaphephandaba. Umphakathi wamangazwa ngamaqiniso ahlukumeza abantu. Phakathi nocwaningo u-Hertha wathi wayengumdlali nje kuphela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengesivikelo esetshenziswa amaqiniso okubulala "ukuhlolwa" njengesenzo sokuthakazelelwa. Bonke abaholi be "umnyango wokuhlola" uRavensbruck bagwetshwe ukufa.

U-Hertha Oberhuezer ugwetshwe iminyaka engu-20 ejele, kodwa washiya eminyakeni eyishumi.

Ngemva kokukhululwa kwakhe, wasebenza ezikhungweni zezokwelapha ezihlukahlukene. Ngenqubo yalolu msebenzi, lowo owayenguboshwa uRavensbruck wafunda ukuthi omunye odokotela nguHertha Oberhuezer. Izithombe zamaNazi zivele emaphephandabeni amaningi asekhaya. Amacala omphakathi aphoqa uhulumeni waseJalimane ukuba avimbele uHerte ukuba asebenze kwezokwelapha. U-Oberhaizer wafa ngoJanuwari 24, 1978.