Ukukhululwa kweMinsk ngo-1944 kusukela kubahlaseli bamaNazi

Esinye sezigaba ezibaluleke kakhulu zokusebenza kwezempi, esenziwa eBelarus ngo-1944, kwakuwukukhulula kukaMinsk abahlaseli bamaNazi. Umgomo wayo wawungewona nje ukuzungeza, kodwa futhi ukubhujiswa okuphelele kweqembu elikhulu kunazo zonke e-Wehrmacht endaweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Red Army ibhekene nomsebenzi wokuhlanza inhloko - dolobha yaseBelarus ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka isitha . Lesi senzakalo esibalulekile senzeke ngoJulayi 3, 1944. E-Belarus yanamuhla akuyona nje kuphela usuku lokukhululwa kweMinsk, inhloko-dolobha kahulumeni, kodwa futhi neholidi likazwelonke - Usuku Lwezinguquko.

Isimo ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa

Ngo-1944, kwenziwa imisebenzi emithathu yezempi ephumelelayo - uMogilev, uVitebsk-Orsha noBobruisk, ngenxa yalokho izingxenye zeMpi ye-4 neyesi-9, ingxenye yeqembu laseJalimane elithi "Center", cishe lizungezwe ama-Soviet units. Umyalo kaHitler wokukhulula amabutho ayo udlulisele amabutho amasha, kuhlanganise ne-4th, 5th and 12th Panzer Divisions.

Kancane kancane indandatho yayizungeze amaJalimane shrank, futhi inkululeko ekulinde isikhathi eside iMinsk yayingekho kude. Ekupheleni kosuku ngoJuni 28 ID Chernyakhovsky, umlawuli we-Front Belorussian Front, waya eMfuleni iBerezina, ngaleyo ndlela ehlanganisa isitha esenyakatho. I-H. H. Bagramyan kanye namabutho e-Baltic ehola izimpi eziholele ePolotsk. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uGF Zakharov kanye namabutho aseBeelorussian Front abhekene nesitha kusukela ohlangothini olumpumalanga, kanti uKK Rokossovsky nebutho lakhe - kusukela eningizimu, ekwazi ukufinyelela olayini i-Osipovichi-Svisloch-Kopatkevichi futhi ephakeme ngasemfuleni iPpypyat. Amayunithi ahlukene ayenziwe kakade amakhilomitha ayikhulu ukusuka enhloko-dolobha yase-republic.

Izinhlelo Zokubheja

Umyalo weSoviet waqonda ukuthi kuzothatha umzamo omkhulu ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukukhululwa kukaMinsk ngo-1944 kwaba ngokoqobo. Ngakho-ke, ngoJuni 28, i-Stavka yabeka umgomo ngaphambi kwe-Red Army - ukuzungeza nokukhipha iqembu elikhulu le-fascist. Ngalesi sizathu kwakulungiswe ukuphoqa amabutho aseJalimane eduze kwedolobha ngamandla e-1st and 3 Fronts yaseByelorussia. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kucatshangelwa okunye okucasulayo entshonalanga yeqembu lesibili laseByelorussia. Ngenxa yalokho, amabutho azo zonke izingxenye ezibandakanya kulo msebenzi kwakuzoqala ukuzungeza bese eqothula lonke iqembu le-Minsk lesitha.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ama-Red Army amayunithi kufanele athuthe entshonalanga, ngaphandle kokuyeka, ngaleyo ndlela abophe amabutho esitha futhi avimbele ukuba bahlangane neqembu leMinsk. Izenzo ezinjalo zecala laseSoviet zenza izimo ezinhle zokuhlaselwa okulandelayo kuKaunas, Warsaw nase-Šiauliai.

Izenzo zeBelorussia yesi-3

NgoJuni 28, iNhloko-dolobha ye-Supreme High Command yamemezela umyalelo ngokuphathelene nalokhu ngaphambili, okwakuzophoqeleka uMfula iBerezina ngokushesha, bese uqala ukuqhuma ngokushesha ngezinkomba ezimbili - enhloko-dolobha yaseBelarusian naseMlodechno. Ukushaya okukhulu okuhloswe ekukhululweni kukaMinsk kwabahlaseli bamaNazi kwakuzobangelwa amabutho empi yama-31, 5 no-11, kanye ne-2 Panzer Corps.

Ngakusasa, izinqola ezisekuqaleni ze-Red Army zakwazi ukuthatha amabhuloho amaningana eMfuleni waseBerezina futhi, ngokushaya phansi izivikelo zesitha, ziqhubekele phambili kuze kube kude no-5, nasezindaweni ezithile kanye no-10 km. Nokho, lapho ebhekene nokuphikiswa kwenkani kwamaJalimane, amabutho aseSoviet athathwa ekulweni okukhulu. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi kusihlwa ngoJuni 29 amadoda aseBlack Army ayekwazi ukuwela umfula kuphela.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amasosha eFifth Army ngaphansi komyalo kaKrylov, ngaphandle kokuyeka, awela iBerezina futhi azinqotshwa ogwini, ethatha izinsika eziningi. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi izinhlangano eziningi ezihlangene zenze iqhaza ekuthuthukiseni izinyunyana ze-Red Army, okugxilwe kuzo ukukhululwa kweMinsk. Awakabonanga nje kuphela umgwaqo ongcono kakhulu futhi omfushane kakhulu ohamba emahlathini nasezindaweni ezinogwadule, kodwa futhi wasiza ukumboza izingqimba zamakholomu nokuqapha ukuhamba.

Ukuphikisana okubulalayo

Ukukhululwa kweMinsk (1944) kwakuhambisana nokuphikiswa okunomthelela owedlulele ohlangothini lwaseJalimane. Kwavimbela ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwe-11 Army ngaphansi komyalo kaGalitsky. Yingakho amabutho aseSoviet endaweni yaseKrupki - uKholopenichi baphoqeleka ukuba bahlanganyele empini usuku lonke. Lapha amadoda e-Red Army avinjelwe yi-5 Panzer Army, kanye nezinsalela zeZahluko ezingu-95 no-14. Inhloso yomyalo we-fascist kwakuwukuba kuvimbele ukuqhutshwa kwamabutho aseSoviet eBorisov, eyayiyisiqhingi samaJalimane eMfuleni iBerezina futhi ihlanganisa indlela eya enhloko-dolobha yaseBelarusian.

Ngaleso sikhathi, i-Soviet Tank Army yesihlanu yaholela ekuthukutheleleni endleleni eya eMinsk. Ngemva kwalokho, waya eBerezina ngasenyakatho kaBorisov. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi izenzo ezididiyelwe zamatekisi ngaphansi komyalo weRotmistrov, kanye nokuhlaselwa okwenziwe yiTatsin Corps yesibili, zavumela amabutho e-Army 31 ukuba athuthukise amakhilomitha angu-40 ngosuku olulodwa futhi asondele eMfuleni iBebr eningizimu yedolobha laseKrupki.

Ukuphoqelela uMfula iBerezina

Njengoba kunikezwa ngokuqiniseka ngokuqiniseka kwamabutho aseSoviet enhloko-dolobha yaseBelarusian, kwakungenzeka ngokuqiniseka okukhulu ukuthi ukukhululwa kukaMinsk ngo-1944 kwakucishe kusengaphambili. Ngo-June 30, amandla amakhulu e-Red Army afika eBerezina futhi awela kuwo. I-5th Army yandisa isibhuloho sayo sebhuloho futhi yangena ekujuleni kwezokuzivikela kwaseJalimane kuze kufike ibanga elingamakhilomitha angu-15, futhi izingxenye ezintathu ezakhiwe ngendlela efanele, ezibhubhisa isitha ngemuva futhi zihlala ePleschenitsy, zavimbela indlela eya eBorisov-Vileika. Ngenxa yezenzo ezinjalo, amabutho aseSoviet akha isongo esinamandla kwesinye sezigqoko nangasemva kweqembu lesitha iBorisov.

Ngayo yonke imizamo, i-Army 11 Army Army yasheshe yaphuka ukuphikiswa kwesitha, yaphumela eBerezina futhi, ekugcineni, yakwazi ukuphoqa lo mfula. Ngalesi sikhathi, amaqembu aseSoviet awela amaJalimane avela ehlangothini lwesobunxele futhi athuthela eBorisov. Ngenxa yalokho, impi yavela ohlangothini oluseningizimu-mpumalanga yedolobha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo amathangi aseRotmistrova ahlasela empumalanga yeBorisov.

I-feat of the Soviet tankmen

Ukusebenza, umgomo wokugcina owawukukhulula uMinsk ovela kuma-fascists, wawudinga cishe amasosha avela amasosha aseSoviet. Ngakho-ke, ngo-June 30, i-tank platoon kaPavel Rak, ephethe izimoto ezine, yalalelwa ukuba idlule eBorisov futhi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yiziphi izindleko zokubamba kuze kube yilapho ibutho eliyinhloko leMikhiqizo engu-3 elungiswayo lingene emzini. Kuzo zonke izisebenzi, kuphela umlawuli T-34 owenza lo msebenzi. Amathangi wesibili nowesithathu e-Yunayev noZuznetsov ashaywa ngaphambili, enye imoto yabamba umlilo ebhuloho ngaphesheya koMfula iBerezina, okwathi emva kwalokho amaJalimane ashaya leli phepho. Bonke abesilisa abomvu baseMelika bafa.

Kwase kuphele amahora angaphezu kwangu-12, abasebenzi beP. Raka, ababehlanganisa u-opharetha-umsakazo we-gunner u- A. Danilov nomshayeli u-A. Petryaev, bekulwa nakho konke amandla abo. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ukuqhutshwa kwezimoto zaseSoviet kwabangela ukwesaba kwangempela esigodini sezitha, futhi ngezindlela eziningi kwafaka isandla ekukhululweni ngokushesha kwedolobha laseBorisov. Amaqhawe ayevuka kuze kube sekugcineni, lapho amaJalimane ethumela izibhamu eziningana nokushaya izibhamu ukuze ziqede. Abavukuzi uP. Raka bafa ngokufa kwesibindi. Kamuva, bonke bathola isikhundla esiphezulu sezempi samaHermes of the Soviet Union. Kwakukhona abantu abaningi abanesibindi ngaleyo nkathi enkulu. Amadodana angcono kakhulu aseBlandland anikela impilo yabo ngenxa yokukhululwa kweMinsk namanye amadolobha. Kwakuyiqhawe elikhulu.

Ukunyuswa okuqhubekayo

Umyalo waseJalimane wakwazi ukuhlela emaphethelweni aseBorisov amacala okulwa amaningana kunamandla, kodwa azange abe nomthelela ngisho naphezu kokusungulwa kwebutho lase-German empini. Izindiza zezitha, ezihamba ngezindiza zezimoto ezingu-18, zazama ukuvimbela amabutho aseSoviet ukuba awele iBerezina. Kodwa izindiza ze-Soviet nezibhamu zahlasela izimbangi ezinamandla ezinamandla futhi zahlasela iqoqo lezinto ezithinta ama-fascist eduze kwaseBorisov.

Ngenxa yokulwa ngoJulayi 1, amabutho aseBomvu aphephe iBerezina futhi athatha umuzi. Iqembu laseBorisov le-Wehrmacht lahluleka. Leli qiniso laletha ukukhululwa kukaMinsk kubahlaseli be-fascist ngisho nesinyathelo esiseduze. Kodwa-ke, kuzothatha ezinye izinsuku ezimbili ukuba amabutho aseSoviet afeze lo msebenzi.

Ukubuya kwenhloko-dolobha yaseBelarusian

Ngobusuku bukaJulayi 3, umphathi wephambi, uChernyakhovsky, wayala ukukhululwa kukaMinsk we-Army 31, i-2nd Mechanized Corps kanye nengxenye yebutho lamathangi ngaphansi kobuholi bukaRommistrov. Ekuqaleni impi yaqala empumalanga nasenyakatho yedolobha, futhi ngo-7.30 amabutho aseSoviet ayephumelele ngempumelelo. Ngemva kwamahora amabili, inhloko - dolobha yaseBelarus yaxoshwa ngabasebenzi beHitler.

1944 - unyaka wokukhululwa kweMinsk - uye wangqoba ngempela i-Red Army. Eminyakeni emithathu engapheli, izakhamuzi zaleli dolobha elithukile futhi elithukuthele zilindele usuku lapho amabutho aseSoviet ekugcineni angena futhi awalondoloze ngaphansi kwejoka le-fascist. Futhi basalindile futhi ngenhlonipho bemi kule mpi engalingani!