Maria Cantemir: Biography, umndeni. uthando Kugcine sikaPeter Omkhulu

Indodakazi Maria baseMoldova Prince Cantemir - eyintandokazi yakamuva uPetru I. romance yabo usuqalile kakade ekuphileni ngasekupheleni umbusi wokuqala Russian. Kwakuthinta nzima esigodlweni zamenza nomshado noCatherine I. uPetru uMariya wakhulelwa inkosi, kodwa umntwana wazalwa kungakabiphi bafa. UyiNkosikazi ngasinda autocrat iminyaka engu-32.

umndeni

Maria Cantemir wazalwa ngo 1700 emndenini isikhulu iMoldavian Dmitriya Konstantinovicha Kantemira. Ebuntwaneni ekuleso Istanbul, lapho uyise, isakhamuzi abaphezulu. Ngo 1711 Dmitry umbusi afunga Russian Tsar. Peter mina ke waqala umkhankaso Prut, uhlose ukuqinisa oLwandle Olumnyama kuphinde kwehlise izinga sultan Turkish, ogama ngaphansi kwesizwe wayekhona kuqala Cantemir. Emkhankasweni wempi kuhlulekile. Peter kwadingeka ngisayine esibi. ukuthula sivumelwano siyalandelwa, futhi defector wakhe waseMoldova ukuze uhlale e-Russia (uPetru wabiza ukuba "uyacabangela futhi ekhonweni zoMkhandlu").

Ukulandela isibonelo sakayise Maria Cantemir, izimpande Romanian, wathola imfundo yamaGreki. Wayazi Latin nezilimi isiNtaliyane, ulwazi ngezinkanyezi, izibalo eziyisisekelo, ekukhulumeni nefilosofi nomlando. Ukufunda izincwadi zasendulo WaseGrisi wasendulo ivule i wakhe. Wayengumngane uyakuthanda Umdwebo kanye nomculo.

Ukuhambisa eRussia

Ngo-1711, uMaria Cantemir umkhaya wathuthela laseKharkov, futhi kwaba eMoscow ngo 1713. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubaba wayo unikwe emafeni amakhulu Sevsk, futhi eKursk izifunda. Indawo njengendawo yokuhlala umndeni unomphela ngazalelwa edolobhaneni eduze eMoscow enegama ngokuphawulekayo Black Ukungcola. Laliqhele endleleni ezaholela dolobha entsha Petersburg. Ngaphambili it fanele kuze ifa Prince Vasily Golitsyn - intandokazi inkosazana UZandile.

Kantemir uMariya Dmitrievna esifakwe indlu yamapulangwe, elakhiwa ngo-elidala isitayela Russian. Floor, nge ezitshekile bophahla, kwakuhlukile kakhulu izakhiwo bendabuko ingane. UMariya wayenokuphila ngisho ukuthola izwe kabusha. Russian waqala ukumfundisa ukufunda nokubhala umbhali odumile futhi umhumushi Ivan Ilyinsky. Ukuthanda ukufunda Mary wabonakala sibonga unina Cassandra, onesiphiwo eziningi izimfanelo ezinhle. It wayengadlali esasiphethe emfundweni yezingane kulezo nezikhathi lapho abantwana bakwa uyise wayengeke akwenze. Maria uye wayenodadewabo nabafowethu abane Smaragd: Mathewu Constantine, Sergey nase-Antiyokiya (ababenakho nomunye ngesimo selitulu).

Istanbul uthisha

Omunye uthisha ezathonya isiphetho wesifazane zokugcina Petra Velikogo, Anastasius uvele Kondoidi. Le ndoda yayihlale umpristi ngesiGreki futhi ixhunywe ukuphila kwakhe Cantemirs umndeni emuva esikhathini lapho ayehlala khona e-Istanbul. Enhloko-dolobha Turkish we Tsar isiRashiya, njengoba kulindeleke, bekungenxa conspiratorial ngokucophelela hlola inethiwekhi. Anastasios Kondoidi matasa isikhundla ebalulekile phakathi eMoscow ejenti eyimfihlo. Imininingwane yaKhe badabula ohlakaniphile Petra Tolstogo. Nge Ukubala onguMninimandla onke Kantemir uMariya Dmitrievna ziyogcina ubudlelwano kakade-dolobha.

Kepha Kondoidi, nguye owethulwa lesigceme yakhe isiko Italy (umpristi wachitha isikhathi esiningi kule Apennine nhlonhlo). Ukuhlola Anastasia iye yabangela izinsolo e Istanbul, futhi kwadingeka ukuba abalekele ngokuvukela uMbuso WaseTurkey. Yena wahlanganiswa Cantemir befikile eRussia, kanti lapho esekhulile ngegama zika-Athanasius baba indela.

Ukuphila eMoscow

Namanje umama impela Maria Cantemir Cassandra washona ngo 1713 lapho eseneminyaka engu-32. Exile umthwalo wakhe, nokuhlolwa elihlobene ne ethutha uthuthumele phansi impilo enhle. Izingane wahlala ukunakekelwa sikababa. Wabanika sonke isikhathi, kwaze kwaba yilapho ezihambayo Cantemirs e Petersburg. Isizathu kwaba tekuhlangana Dmitry Konstantinovich noPetru.

Ngo 1717 inkosi efika e Moscow, izwe ahlala izinyanga 2.5 yena. Kwakungesinye sezikhathi ezinzima kakhulu ekuphileni we autocrat. Ngobusuku obandulela emngceleni wagijima wajuba indodana yakhe u-Alex. Manje isikhulu wazama ukubuyela ezweni labo Ukubala UTolstoy, noPetru ucasukile kwaba eMoscow. Ekuqaleni 1718, kulandelwa renunciation esisemthethweni sesihlalo sobukhosi Alexei. Ceremony yokungeneliseki ilungelo sobukhosi esenzeka Cathedral of kweNyuka. UPetru No-Dmitry Kantemir wabe eseqala ukuxhumana okuningi kunangaphambili. Owabe umbusi baseMoldova waqala njalo inkosi. Ngeshwa, isihloko ingxoxo yabo isiqeshana ngesikhathi futhi yahlala ingaziwa.

Ukujwayeleka nenkosi

Ngokokuqala ngqá Maria Cantemir wabona uPetru mina e 1711 ngesikhathi somkhankaso Prut, lapho yena nomkakhe Catherine wavakashela inhlokodolobha baseMoldova Iasi. Ukujwayelana Siqu owawuse-1717-amamitha endlini kayise suburban. 1 UPetru, ukubhekana zemikhaya yabo (ukubuyela Tsarevich Alexei washonela ejele), futhi ngiyilahle abaningi nezikhulu zakhe eduze, ayivusa esolwa ngokuba imbuka. Manje inkosi lalidinga abantu abasha. Leli qiniso uchaza le nselele yakhe Dmitriya Kantemira eSt Petersburg.

Ukwahlulela indlela isikhulu iMoldavian kwaba kancane ukuba ukuthutha, wayengafuni ukushiya eMoscow. Noma kunjalo, yena azinakubuphika inkosi esabekayo. Ngokushesha nje lapho ngasekela dolobha Wayesethatha futhi izingane, kuhlanganise uMariya osemusha. Petersburg yemukele izivakashi libonwe eMoscow mayelana umphakathi eliphezulu. wohlanga olukhulu oneminyaka engu-57 ubudala wathandana enhle Anastasiyu Trubetskuyu courtier ashada naye maduzane. Emva kwalokhu ushintsho olungalindelekile Princess Maria Cantemir ophoqelelwe ngivalelise amandla yangaphambili impilo avaliwe.

Enhloko-dolobha,

Petersburg eliphakeme imikhuba ukukhanya eziphilayo ngokuvumelana yinkosi. 1 Petru kabaze baba lakho ukuma the ngebulili eMoscow, futhi wenza dolobha abode entsha namasiko Western. Ukuze Mary, owazalelwa e Moldova, oda abanjalo babehamba ezingajwayelekile nakakhulu. Yena ngokungathandi badela wakhe komkhuba ingubo Oriental wembatha izingubo imfashini European ekhatsi Petersburg.

Dmitry Kantemir nomkakhe esencane nendodakazi endala wavakashela njalo imikhosi yenkosi. UPetru wayemthanda ukuzihlelela imihlangano, ukushushuluza nangemidanso. Ikakhulukazi luningi babe ngamaholide ebusika 1721-1722 GG., Came ngemva kokunqoba Russian phezu Sweden eMpini Northern. Kwathi lokha uPitrosi kule minyaka engamashumi amabili, wayengumuntu njalo endleleni noma impi. Waphila kwaze kwafika futhi phezu isheduli esinonya futhi Usanda ukusebenza ngokusebenzisa ezweni labo. Manje ngesonto wemikhosi engakaze ibonwe. Baphenduka phandle kube Apotheosis ka eyathatha izinsuku ezimbalwa azenza ezihlekisayo. Maria Cantemir noPetru beqala ukuhlangana izikhathi eziningana kuleli dili never-ophela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, babona nomunye ngenxa yomsebenzi ahlangene inkosi no Prince Dmitry.

sultana

Than babopha komunye nomunye Maria Cantemir noPetru? Okokuqala baseMoldova Princess wangihlaba efundile futhi ikakhulukazi ngezindinganiso abesifazane abavamile nabadumile Russian langaleso sikhathi. Kuyaziwa ukuthi uPetru has a erudition ububanzi futhi ilukuluku. Wayethanda isayensi njalo ukufinyelela okuthile okusha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uMariya wayeyintombi sihluke abesifazane emhlabeni phuzu Is lowo ashila naningabafokazi eziningi, nesiGreki ikakhulukazi kulo. On ingaphandle amantombazane cishe lutho waziwa. ekumeni kwalo ngokomlando abangu ngesineke kwakhe futhi isezingeni kusele izingxenyana nje ze Imininingwane ababephila ngesikhathi.

Le ntombazane ngokushesha balalela charm uPetru wehlelwe yini. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ubaba kaMaria Cantemir sika wayeya ukukhipha intombazane oshadile. Izandla zakhe ebuzwa Prince Ivan Dolgoruky. Dmitry K. wavumelana, kodwa Maria, osevele wathandana kuKesari, wenqaba nomkhwenyana. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi inkosi wahlala emshadweni. Wayesebenza kahle unkosikazi - Ngokuzayo uMbusikazi uCatherine I. Kwakungekhona nje unkosikazi imithetho yombusi. Catherine wahlala umngane eside we autocrat. Unkosikazi wahambisana naye nomkhankaso wempi futhi akuyona namahloni of nezindaba zomphakathi. Miselela kwakungelula.

sokukhulelwa

Ngo-1722 Dmitry Kantemir wabhala incwadi enemininingwane indlovukazi, lapho Wachaza Akaphindanga umqondo mayelana ndodakazi autocrat. Nokho, wokuphila mlando uyavumelana ngombono, isikhulu wayelele. Umlamuli phakathi kwakhe noCatherine kwaba Ukubala okufanayo uPyotr UTolstoy, owaziwa ngokuba usongo yayo. Ambitious umbusi wangaphambili Kwethenjwa ukuthi lover uMbusi Petra Velikogo uyogcina abe ngumkakhe, futhi Cantemir Romanovs nekuhlanganisa emshadweni dynastic.

Amacebo Dmitry Konstantinovich eduzane nokwenziwa, lapho kwatholakala ukuthi uMariya wayekhulelwe. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, uPetru esekhathele ukuphila ezivamile setha mayelana ukuhlela umkhankaso yasePheresiya. Ukuya ngasempumalanga, kwathatha emsebenzisa yena nendodakazi yakhe Dmitry njengoba suite. Cantemir kwakudingeka inkosi ukwenza isikhalo ulimi Turkish izakhamuzi umngcele izifunda yasePheresiya.

ukulethwa akuphumelelanga

Lolu hambo waqala ePheresiya ezivela e-Astrakhan ngoJulayi 1722. Peter kwezinyanga ezimbalwa washaya impi entsha. Nakuba kwakungeyona, Mary, wahlala e-Astrakhan, wabeletha. Wanika umfana, kodwa ingane kwenzakala ngaphambi kwesikhathi futhi wafa ngokushesha. Ngemva kokufa ingane ihlele Dmitriya Kantemira ngomshado sikaPetru indodakazi yakhe sikhuntile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, phakathi nomkhankaso ePheresiya Prince ubangwa nezibi. Wayengumuntu ngokushesha tabes (kusukela isifo esifanayo kokushona kukadadewethu Mary Smaragd).

Cantemir isikhathi eside akazange alinge ukushiya Astrakhan. Ekugcineni, kufakazela umgwaqo oqinile ebusika. Ekuqaleni umndeni wayehlela uthole eMoscow, kodwa endleleni liphendulwe izindlu e yesimanje Dmitrovka orel. Kube Dmitriyu Konstantinovichu baba ngisho nakakhulu. Ubaba kaMariya washona ngo-September 1, 1723.

ukufa kaPetru

Princess Maria Cantemir, ogama Umlando womuntu ophilako Isibonelo esingokoqobo inkosikazi sinqatshiwe, wathola ifa lakhe, kodwa empeleni ohlukanise egcekeni. Kulesi sikhundla, eyingoduso ezindabeni zomkhaya. Le ntombazane kwesokunxele abafowabo abane nodadewethu omncane kakhulu emshadweni wesibili kayise.

Isimo sashintsha ngokuphelele ekwindla ka-1724. Catherine waqala lithandana ikhamera-ubusosha Villim Mons. Kule ndaba, yabe seyaziwa enkosini. Peter mina Kwakwethusa ngentukuthelo. Wababulala Mons, kodwa akazange ukubhekana umkami, engesiyo iminyaka eminingi ngaphambi kokuba crowned wenza kwendlalifa yakhe okwakufanele abe inkosi. Nokho, ubuhlobo babo yabhujiswa. Khona-ke uPetru waphinde wenza ubungani nabantazana Maria Cantemir. Nokho, futhi lokhu time ekukhulumisaneni yenkosi ozithandayo futhi awuzange imiselwe ukuqhubeka. Ekuqaleni 1725 autocrat wagula futhi washona ngo-February 8.

Kamuva ekuphileni

Ngemva kokufa kuka-Peter wayesazothola sehlazweni. Nokho, wahlala isikhathi esifushane. Lapho, ngo-1727, wafa Catherine mina, inkosazana usuphinde sibalo courtly. Ekuqaleni wayehlala eSt, kodwa wathuthela eMoscow seduze kwabazalwane bese owakhonza Sobukhosi Okokuqala. Maria wajabulela umusa Natalia - udadewabo uMbusi uPetru mina, kanti umbusi esilandelayo Anna Ivanovna ngo-1830 wenza incekukazi yakhe yodumo.

Cantemir angikaze ngishade. ubuhlobo bomkhaya wakhe yayiba ekunakekeleni zakubo umbango amaningi nosingamama-yobudala bakhe efanayo. Iphuzu kombango uvele Yiqiniso, ngofuzo. Ngo-1730-Mary D. eziqukethwe ikhaya bebodwa eMoscow salon etemibhalo. Ukuze courted kwalo Iphini umbusi Petersburg Fedor Naumov, kodwa wenqaba.

eminyakeni yamuva

Ngo 1741, UMariya wayekhona ngesikhathi wokugcotshwa Elizabeth, ngubani esihlalweni sobukhosi ngemva Icebo lika esigodlweni. Omunye walaba bazalwane Duchess, i-Antiyokiya, wathuthela Paris. Izihlobo igcinwe ezithakazelisayo mlando ukuxhumana ngesiGreki sanamuhla futhi Italian.

Ngo 1745, ozithandayo kaPetru Ngazitholela Ulitkino izindlu eduze eMoscow, lapho waphulukiswa ethule ukuphila elinganisiwe. Elapho wakha ibandla elisha, futhi intando yakhe wabonisa ukuthi wayefuna ukuba avele esizeni Isigodlo ethempelini. Maria washona ngo-September 9, 1757.