Umlando Kwemibono Political

Ukuhlaziya ukubukwa yesimanje futhi classical ngomsuka inqubomgomo kusiza ukuze uqonde kangcono okuqukethwe kulesi sigaba. Iphinde ikuvumela ukuba ukwethula uhlaka kwale sayensi njengoba eziyinkimbinkimbi eyala eziningana.

Wonke umlando wokucabanga zezombusazwe iphindela yezakhi aphansi ngobuhlobo umbusi futhi izikhonzi zayo, phakathi isimo kanye ngabanye. Izinhlamvu ukucabanga okunjalo kutholakala ngisho ku azibhala of China lasendulo, India naseMpumalanga. Kodwa abacwaningi kakhulu umlando wangempela izimfundiso zezombusazwe namanje iqala ifilosofi ka-Aristotle futhi uPlato.

UPlato - Umfundi edume kakhulu uSocrates, futhi uthisha kamuva Aristotle. Wayeyindoda abafundile kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi, wadala esikoleni sakhe wefilosofi, wabhala inombolo kwemisebenzi. Ligalelo ukuthuthukiswa othile wezifundo zezombusazwe ukudala umqondo wokuqala isimo (ngisho ngesimo nakancane).

KaPlato no-Aristotle ezihlonzwe ne inchubomgomo yembuso, kanye sphere okubonakalayo ngokwepolitiki kulezi zindlela ihogela nobudlelwano zomphakathi. imingcele enjalo eqinile nakho ngeke kusize babe ngenxa nokungathuthuki kulendawo, ukuntuleka uhlelo multi-party, inqubo yokhetho, i-ukwahlukaniswa kwamandla , kanye nezinye izinto eziningi ezikhona emhlabeni namuhla. At inhliziyo imodeli zezombusazwe lika-Aristotle uPlato laliwumuzi-Polis. izakhamuzi zayo ukwenza izindima ezimbili kanyekanye: kuhlanganisiwe emphakathini ezisemadolobheni njengoba umuntu yangasese futhi bahileleke ekuphileni komphakathi, empilweni yomphakathi. Ezombusazwe akuyona wakhulelwa ngokuhlukile izimiso zokuhle. Ngemva kwalokho, le ndlela iye yaqhubeka linqobe ngoba cishe ezinkulungwaneni ezimbili.

Umlando okwalandela bezimfundiso zezombusazwe ephathelene ne-shift ukunakwa ubudlelwane zefilosofi ngaphakathi isimo labo phakathi kuhulumeni kanye nomphakathi. Lo magazini kuphela zayo ezihlukahlukene ezahlukene, kusukela izibalo ekhulwini kubhekwe 17 kuya 19 like Benedict Spinoza futhi Dzhon Lokk, Hegel no Marx. Locke, isibonelo, waba ngowokuqala ukuba baqonde isimo hhayi njengendlela izinhlobo zohulumeni, kodwa njengoba abantu bomphakathi, okudaliwe oda emphakathini kwakufanele wahlala endaweni yangasese.

Ngekhulu le-18 umlando nezimfundiso zezombusazwe kulekelelwa imibono emisha, owanikhipha sefilosofi French Charles Lui Monteske. Encwadini yakhe ethi "UMoya Imithetho", waveza ukuthi nemibandela ekuthuthukeni kwale ihogela ithonya hhayi kuphela nomphakathi, kodwa futhi izici ze-non-social (ngokokuhlala, ukubalwa kwabantu, zezulu nezinye). Lakho wasikisela ukuthi ubukhulu endaweni ehlaselwe ubunjalo amafomu zezombusazwe. Ngokwesibonelo, umbuso kumele itholakale ezindaweni eziningi zomhlaba ngoba amakhosi ohlanga ngempela Ngokwesilinganiso, kodwa republic izothatha isikhathi eside njalo ngezinga elincane, kungenjalo ngeke liphuke.

Umlando bezimfundiso zezombusazwe ka 18-19 eminyaka libhekene ukushintsha okuphawulekayo endleleni umbono izifundo iqhaza empilweni emphakathini, imingcele umsebenzi wabo. Uma phambi abadlali main babe ababusi baleli zwe bakhipha nabakhulu, kodwa manje, ngaphansi kwethonya imicabango Jean-Jacques Rousseau, ekuphileni futhi kwakuhilela sabantu abavamile.

Esikhathini esifanayo eNyakatho Yurophu kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu amaqembu lokuqala zezombusazwe, izinyunyana, izinhlelo zokhetho. Zonke lezi zenzakalo ngidalé izimfanelo for a yesimanje, entsha (kodwa hhayi ezivamile) yokusondela ukuqonda isakhiwo somphakathi.

Emashumini eminyaka yokugcina yekhulu lama-20 kuhlulekile theory kaMarx, okuyinto kunciphisa ezombusazwe ukuze izinqubo zezomnotho. Kodwa umkhuba, kwaba khona omunye. Minyaka yonke, ukuthuthukisa, nqubomgomo ngokwethukela yokuhamba kwami izithakazelo kwezomnotho, esikhundleni sazo, lezisekelo post-izinto ezibonakalayo womsebenzi nomphakathi. Kwakukhona ahlukile impahla yakhe, imithetho esebenzayo nokuthuthukiswa.

Cishe wonke amamodeli samanje ukuphila kwawo ngokuqondene nezombusazwe acabangele umqondo Inqubomgomo Weber, amaqiniso abonisa okuphambene of Marxism. Wayebheka ke indawo nobudlelwane bokuhlalisana ku uhulumeni, ngoba wonke umuntu ufuna eyakho noma oyiphethe, noma ngandlela-thile abahilelekile.