I-Kyoto Protocol - kodwa omunye umzamo ukuze ulondoloze esintwini

Phakathi kwezinkinga global okusongela impucuko womuntu, kwasekuqaleni kufanele sibeke kwesimo sezulu. Ngenxa yezinhlekelele zemvelo isintu sinawo ukulahlekelwa omkhulu. Imililo, izikhukhula, isomiso, iziphepho, izivunguvungu - yilokho nje imiphumela ezisobala kakhulu okwaholela kwesimo sezulu.

Ukuyiqonda injongo yangempela yokunikezwa kuthikameze zokuqhubeka ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke, umphakathi wezwe lonke uthethe eziningi izinyathelo. Ngo-1992, ngesikhathi kuqhubeka inkomfa UN kwimvelo, ke sasayinwa UN Convention on Climate Change. Ngo-1997 sasayinwa Kyoto Protocol. Lokhu dokhumenti iqukethe ukuzibophezela amazwe ukunciphisa noma ubeke umkhawulo kwamagesi ayingozi amagesi abamba ukushisa. Ngowezi-2012 sihlelwe ukwehlisa kwekhabhoni by 5.2% uma kuqhathaniswa amazinga 1990. isimo ngasinye has ngesilinganiso esithile esiqondile kwekhabhoni. Uma izwe engachithi isikhathi ngokugcwele umkhawulo, ikwazi ukuzidayisa njengoba quota ubuningi. ochwepheshe UN bakholwe indlela enjalo ngeke lula ukugeleza imithombo nasemazweni asathuthuka. Lamasu izosetshenziswa ekunqandeni imiphumela emibi kwesimo sezulu.

Kyoto sivumelwano olulawula eMpumalanga Yurophu nasemazweni aseBaltic kufanele kuncishiswe kwekhabhoni by 8%, i-European Union - 8%, ECanada naseJapane - 6%, futhi Ukraine neRussia kudingeka agcine kwekhabhoni ngesikhathi 1990 ezingeni. Amazwe asathuthuka, kuhlanganise iChina, i-India, kungukuthi abadliwa nezibopho, kodwa kungathatha ekwakhiweni yokuzithandela, kanye ukuthola uxhaso ukuqaliswa yabo.

Ukugxekwa izifundo zesayensi yemvelo ye-Kyoto Protocol

Okokuqala, izazi eziningi singabaze kakhulu yokuthi yokufudumala kwembulunga yonke. Amazinga ukukhula kungase kube isilinganiso ukuguquguquka okungahleliwe. Kulandelwe sezulu kuyoba emuva evamile.

Okwesibili, noma ngabe kukhona ngempela kuye kwaba ukwanda komthwalo isilinganiso lokushisa lonyaka boni ukuze indima ebalulekile eyadlalwa abantu kule. Kukholakala ukuthi ukwanda okuqukethwe carbon dioxide akayona imbangela kodwa umphumela ukufudumala.

Okwesithathu, ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke kungenzeka ukuba isintu akasiye inhlekelele. Amanye amazwe, njenge-Holland, kungenzeka izindwali kodwa kwembulunga izonikeza ithuba ngenkuthalo ukuhlola insimu, manje selisetshenziswa neze, isibonelo, eSiberia, e-Canada kolwandle polar.

Lezi ukungabaza musa ukuphika ukubaluleka ukudala ezosetshenziswa elawula izinga zalesi sithako. Nakuba i-Kyoto Protocol ayikanye kubalulekile ukuze

Russia

IRussia yasayina isivumelwano sokusungula inkontileka ngo-1999 futhi samukelwa ngasekupheleni 2004. Ukuze Russia, i-Kyoto Protocol sacala kusebenta kuphela ngo-2005, ezingu-90 ngemva kokuqiniswa. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, ivolumu izibonelelo zanqwabelana yi Russian Federation isikhathi yesivumelwano ziyoyidlula 6 billion. Amathani carbon dioxide okulingana.

Abaphikisi sivumelwano bathi izwe kuyoba nzima kanyekanye ukwandisa umkhiqizo futhi zenze ngcono isimo sawo, njengoba belahla lunye ukukhiqizwa igesi yemvelo namafutha. Ngakho, ukugcwaliseka izimo, equkethe i-Kyoto Protocol, wehlisa ukuthuthukiswa komnotho kanye nesimo kungase kuholele ngisho nasezinkingeni ukwehla zokukhiqiza kanye nokwehla amandla ezomnotho.

Abagqugquzeli isivumelwano bathi Kyoto sivumelwano amalungiselelo kuzokhuthaza sesimanje emnothweni by ekuheheni ukutshalwa kwezimali angaphandle, kanye imboni "ukuhlanzeka". Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyoba ukunikeza izinsiza ezengeziwe zezimali ngokusebenzisa ukuhweba quota.

isivumelwano sayo Kyoto uphela lo nyaka. Ngemva kweminyaka emithathu, uzobe yakhe indawo idokhumenti entsha, kuxoxwa okwakubekelwa ngo-December 2009 ngesikhathi izinkulumo, okwenzeka ngo-Copenhagen.