Umlando Vyborg: isisekelo, izindawo zomlando, ezombusazwe kanye ukubaluleka lempi

Bambalwa kunoma yiliphi izwe emhlabeni has emadolobheni amaningi kangaka ezithakazelisayo, kokubili eRussia. Isihloko ukubuyekeza kwethu - umlando Vyborg. Lo muzi kufanele uyaziqhenya lezinto phezu kwabangamakhulu amathathu eziyingqayizivele ukubaluleka zamasiko nezomlando.

Le ndawo kubaluleke amasu

Vyborg base sihlehlela kusukela ngonyaka 1293. Izazi-mlando ngokuvamile leli nani liphindeke uphikise, kusukela ensimini ka Vyborg yesimanje kakade ekhulwini leshumi nanye, is eyayihlala izizwe Slavic futhi Karelian. Uma ukholwa zemihla ngemihla, abaseSweden njalo agasele amazwe omakhelwane babo. Babefuna ukuba ulithathe eziqhingini Vyborg leziqhingi of izinjongo zamasu lempi - Vyborg qoqo leziqhingi kuyinto ekahle kakhulu esetshenziswa emikhunjini yezempi. Esikhathini rocks kulula ukufihla ngisho yemikhumbi eminingi kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, leli qoqo leziqhingi eziningi nge besebunzimeni obukhulu, akuyona kuhlale kwenele navigation - ekahle isicupho ngokwemvelo bangaphandle.

Izigaba eyinhloko umlando Vyborg

umlando Vyborg zingahlukaniswa zibe izinyathelo eziyisikhombisa:

• Isigaba sokuqala - ngaphambi ayehlasela Swedish. Lapho kukhulunywa ngaye okokuqala kule nsimu futhi izakhamuzi zakhona libhekisela ekhulwini IX. Adume mlando Russian Tatishchev emibhalweni yakhe okukhulunywa ezithile Ioakimovskaya indaba, lapho okusolwa ukuthi uyinqaba Vyborg yasungulwa by uMdala Novgorod Gostomysl. Enye yamadodana akhe owayemuhle wayebizwa ngokuthi okukhethayo - kungakho igama layo liyi le nqaba.
• Eyesibili esiteji - kwesikhathi Swedish. Isikhathi sakhe - kusukela 1293 kuze 1710, ngesikhathi lithathwa uMbuso Russian.
• Isigaba sesithathu - ingxenye Empire Russian.
• Isigaba sesine - Finnish.
• Isigaba sesihlanu - neminyaka yempi 1940-1944.
• Isigaba lesithupha - eU.SSR
• isigaba Seventh - esimanje okungukuthi, kusukela ngo-1991 kuze kube manje.

umsunguli waleli dolobha

Ngo 1293 IsiSwidi marshal nenkosi ibamba UTorkel Knutsson sathathwa kanye, manje enqobile, ukumasha umhlaba Karelian futhi Novgorod. On kwesinye seziqhingi, wamisa izinqaba yezempi, futhi lokho kubizwa ngokuthi le nqaba oNgcwele. Yileyo ndlela esizwa ngayo e ukuhumusha kusuka izwi Swedish umsindo "Vyborg". 1293 kubhekwa unyaka lokuzalwa Vyborg. Ngokusekelwe lokhu, singakwazi ukubala inani neminyaka Vyborg, futhi zabo cishe amakhulu ayisishiyagalombili.

Eqondiswa izisusa okunethezekile Zenkolo, Marshall kuhlelwe ukusakaza ubunikazi Sweden futhi ezindaweni ezikude nakakhulu. Wayenenqolobane amathalenta okungavamile, hhayi kuphela e ezindabeni zezempi kodwa kwezombangazwe. Njengoba kuvakashe ummeleli wendlunkulu omunye imindeni wemisebenzi futhi elicebe eSweden, UTorkel Knutsson waba ngumbusi wokuqala kwethunzi ngesikhathi ogulayo King Magnus mina Ladulose, bese, emva ukubusa esihlalweni sobukhosi ingane Birger Magnússon waqokwa ibamba. Ngaphambi nje kokufa kukayise, azungeze 1290, ishumi leminyaka Birger Magnússon ukubeka Knutsson uMkhuzi Sweden.

Ukuqala Ngekhulu leminyaka elilandelayo angabhekwa njengoba kwelanga Biography of the courtier. Eminyakeni phakathi 1302-1303 Birger Magnússon nabafowabo Kwagqashuka ngasolinye phakathi kwesokudla ngokulandelana. UTorkel Knutsson ijika lingabuyela nozungu, kodwa ngalesi sikhathi isikhundla sakhe wayebuthakathaka ikakhulukazi ngenxa ezingqubuzana UPapa Boniface VIII. Iqiniso lokuthi inkosi ibamba, ibhekene nesidingo esikhulu izindlela elawula izwe, wazama ukuthatha amalungelo yengcebo isonto. Ngenxa yalokho, lapho kwathiwa bayizitha okholo zwe futhi esidlangalaleni anqunywe ikhanda.

Imemori ye-umsunguli waleli dolobha immortalized isikhumbuzo lethusi, efakwe phambi wokwakha amaHholo Idolobha elidala.

eziMpini zenkolo castle

Ukukhangana main lomuzi - Vyborg Castle. Uphawu Vyborg yasungulwa ngo 1293, umholi we impi UTorkel Knutsson. Ngezinye osenyameni esifanayo, le ndawo kwakungekaNkulunkulu saseNovgorod, futhi wahlala kuwo Karelia. marshal Swedish, kokuba athunjwa edolobheni Vyborg, Novgorod umbeki Umzila wezohwebo kuphela Europe bese usetha izinhlelo zakhe ukuze ezikude ezwekazini umhlaba lwamaSlav.

Le nqaba uyisibonelo esihle of Western Europe medieval izakhiwo lempi. It imi Castle Isiqhingi, ngaphambili eyayaziwa kube ngokweminikelo yephasika. ingxenye yayo enyakatho uphansi futhi kufanelekile ngezinhloso zezolimo, kanye impumalanga egqumeni enamadwala. Kube eyakhelwe enamandla odongeni ukujiya cishe 2 amamitha. Maphakathi siqhingi yakha isithala sabalindi. Ezansi it has a sikwele cross kwesigaba. I omkhulukazi imitha ezine-ezindongeni makaqhubeke thembeke ukuvikela ingaphakathi umbhoshongo kusukela cannonballs. Khona-ke kwaba isakhiwo kunazo zonke e-eScandinavia. Wawubizwa ngokuthi umbhoshongo St Olav yokudumisa iNkosi yeNorway, labo ababebhapathizwa emazweni aseScandinavia.

Esikhathini maphakathi nekhulu xv, umbusi Swedish King Karl Knutsson Bunde kahle wabaphakamisa isiboshwa ingaphakathi isikhala, ukukucaza emakamelweni izinjongo ezihlukile, Chivalry namahholo ngokwesiko, wenza izitofu tiled. Eliphansi hedged ezweni ingxenye odongeni itshe elingaphezulu kwavula. Yiqhwa Wanezela unogada square kwemibhoshongo wamisa egcekeni ePharadesi Tower. Lokhu umbhoshongo round Uphinde abhekwe iwuphawu Vyborg futhi luvamise ku ngifaka nge ukubukwa sabo enkabeni yedolobha bakhangisa eziyisikhumbuzo. On umbusi ezwekazini akha udonga inqaba nge imibhoshongo ukuzivikela, ngaleyo ndlela turning Vyborg Castle inqaba emuva kanye no-udonga kabili.

Ngo 1556, esiqhingini osendaweni ezibalulekile, wavakashela inkosi Swedish Gustav Vaz. Nalapha futhi, izinguquko eziphawulekayo zabhekana Vyborg Castle. Vyborg inqaba ushintshe ngalé: umbhoshongo main ungeze ezimbili indaba nesikhombisa insika octagonal nge izintuba. Agugile wezangaphakathi esikhundleni okuqinile ipulazi izakhiwo ezintsha, eqolo futhi ehle, futhi egcekeni enqabeni wanezela.

Iningi izakhiwo zazenziwe ngokhuni. Avame ashisiwe, ekhulwini XVI, izakhiwo zisusiwe, futhi esikhundleni sabo yamisa itshe. Egcekeni lomuzi enqabeni bemba amachibi eziningana futhi umthombo. Kanye odongeni ntshonalanga ngaphandle emabhalekisini samatshe esasakhiwe. Ezinye izindlu ephakathi, eyabonakala ngesikhathi, basekhona.

Vyborg Castle wahlala ezingafinyeleleki kuze 1710.

Vyborg eMbusweni Russian

Ngemva kokunqotshwa eMpini Northern nokuwela inqaba Oreshek Petersburg waba ngaphansi usongo ukuhlaselwa ngqo abaseSweden. Kusukela 1706 Peter ngenza imizamo eminingana ukuze uthole abaseSweden amnike zibaluleke kangaka kulesi siqhingi isiRashiya, kodwa zonke kuhlulekile. Kuphela yokugcina, olwaqalwa 1710, zokunqoba enkosini. Juni 23 ikampu Swedish ngemvume insimbi umaluju.

Bendzawo AKEKHO ongakaze azizwe iyiphi ukuhlukunyezwa abahlaseli Russian. Abanaso ukusakaza umthetho serfdom. Emazweni Orthodox, ziye zazigcina emzini wabo, ukholo iLuthela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lo muzi waqhubeka ehlala ubudala babo, ie-Swedish, imithetho. Kanye nokufika kwalolo ukuhweba Russian emzini savuka, iyiphi amabhizinisi zezimboni, inani nezindawo zokuhlala, zokuhlala, uthuthukise nezivikelo ubudala. By endleleni, omunye izimeya lalinguAbrama Petrovich uHannibal uyisemkhulu imbongi A. S. Pushkina.

Kusukela emaphethelweni idolobha yesifundazwe IsiSwidi Vyborg yaba isifunda ochumayo Russia. Ngisho nokubonakala kwalokhu edolobheni futhi bokwakhiwa kwezindlu zayo uye washintsha okukhulu. Kube kwenziwa imiklamo yabo, abaklami abaningi abavelele, kuhlanganise u-Eduard Ivanovich Totleben futhi Yuhon uJakobe Arenberg.

Kusukela maphakathi nekhulu lesi-XIX e Vyborg kwaba ngesivinini kakhulu kwezimboni. Ukuthumela sabekwa Saimaa Canal, edolobheni gasified, yayisikhuphuka kufika ithuba lika-ugesi, emaphakathi kwamanzi nokuthuthwa wefoni. Kusukela 1856 kuya 1912 Vyborg ubekade kwindlela unprecedentedly ukuthuthukiswa ngokushesha kwezomnotho. Eminyakeni emithathu sokwakha ujantshi ngobude km kuka-350, futhi ngo-1870, kumzila wakhe Petersburg - Helsinki wasingatha Ingxenye yokuqala. Ngo-1912, emagumbini ezikude kakhulu zaleli Vyborg wajoyina tram imizila kanye labantu kulo muzi ngaleso sikhathi liye landa ngoba manje abantu abayizinkulungwane 50. Kukulo muzi ngobukhulu Grand Duchy of Finland. Labantu ngokuyinhloko Finns - mayelana 81%, Swedish kwaba 10%, kanye Russian -% 6.5 kuphela.

esidlule Specific, isimo sengqondo kanye namasiko liberalisticheskie babe yokuthi Viborg isibe maphakathi ekhangayo nezitha emandleni obukhosi. Kwakuthinta lapha wazalwa edumile "Vyborg Manifesto" obiza izenzo yokungalaleli civil. Ngaphambi inguquko lapha ukufihla V I. Lenin.

Ukuhlela ukwakheka uJakobe Arenberg

Arenberg umklami umbono ukuthi idolobha langakubo, babe yisibonelo kubo bonke, kumele sibonise futhi afundise, njengoba abameleli bezizwe ezihlukahlukene nezinkolo bangaphila ngokuthula ndawonye. Akukhona ebalulekile lokho iziphathimandla ukuphatha indawo ahlala kuzo. Into esemqoka - ubuhlobo obuhle-ongumakhelwane nokuhloniphana.

Arenberg uye wayehlala futhi esebenza e uMbuso isiRashiya, futhi azi- umakhi Russian (ngesikhathi Vyborg kwaba Grand Duchy of Finland njengoba ingxenye yeRussia). Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi wayengumuntu Swede ngokuzalwa manje, kubhekwa umakhi Finnish. Ngakho-ke sibonakalise isici esikhethekile Vyborg umhlaba.

Ngokuvamile, umlando Vyborg - umlando wezimpi ngonya ukunqoba, futhi UTorkel Knutsson lesikhumbuzo, adalwe uJakobe Arenberg - lesikhumbuzo lokuqala, adunyiswa futhi elivumelana umlando esifundeni.

UJakobe Arenberg (1847-1914) zaklama futhi zakha izindawo eziningana izakhiwo engasasetshenziselwa kuhlobisa idolobha mazwe amathathu angomakhelwane. ezitaladini okunjalo Vyborg, ngokuthi iSoviet (Posesskaya wangaphambili) Fortress (wangaphambili Catherine), etholakala maphakathi edolobheni, ezithakazelisa kakhulu ayelazisa ukudalwa umakhi abadumile. Ngaso empambana yabo iyona esemqoka isakhiwo eposini. Lena iphrojekthi lokugcina Arenberg. Lapha umakhi kancane aphambuka Renaissance yakhe evamile futhi liphefumulelwe ubuhle esigodlweni Drottinghemskogo ilingisa i Petrine Baroque.

Ngo mgwaqo Soviet, ungabona yokuhlala yangaphambili umbusi Vyborg. Njengamanje, iyisonto City Council of amaphini we Vyborg wesifunda. Indlu likahulumeni angabhekwa litshwayo Arenberg. mbumbulu Buthule wezakhiwo Italian kwekhulu XVI lubonakaliswa umklamo olungaphambili lwesonto. Le phrojekthi isebenzisa angadle ngabuhle obutheni amathayili engaphansi, ionic amakholomu, amafasitela polutsirkulyarnye, wesimethri futhi esiqinile imigqa weJiyomethri. Emgwaqweni esifanayo isakhiwo kahle walondoloza ayengaphansi ungumuntu wangempela, futhi uma uya kancane okwengeziwe, ukuya eSikoleni komgwaqo, futhi kukhona ungabona isakhiwo esikoleni amantombazane zangaphambili ', elakhiwe master abadumile.

isikhathi Finnish

I Februwari Revolution-1917 futhi izenzakalo okwadala isimo Okthoba bayisigaba luhloboluni impi yombango futhi secession Grand Duchy of Finland. In the state entsha, Finland, ukwanda kokukhiqizwa obomvu, babaleka, kwaba kuleli zwe wamisa uhulumeni republic.

kwaphulwa Zonke ukuxhumana ne-Soviet Union. Ukulingana bezizwe ezihlukahlukene salandelwa kokubusa labantu Finnish. Ulimi Finnish baba isimo.

Vyborg waba ngowesibili nobaluleke kakhulu kuleli zwe - nendlela kwamasiko, njengenhlangano ezama ukubuyisa umkhakha futhi njengoba isikhungo emphakathini nakwezombangazwe. Uhlelo Lokufaka Lwe-Local Otto Iivari Meurman athuthukile amane uhlelo lokuthuthukisa iminyaka, futhi kufakwe line yayo namadlelo. Ukuqala kokusetshenziswa okuzikhulula yayo wethulwa 1929 eFinland, wayiqeda 70s eSoviet Union.

Umlando Vyborg wagcina ubufakazi ukuthi ngisho ngaphambi kokuqala kwempi ne eJalimane lobuNazi kwezinye izakhiwo ezithakazelisayo kakhulu, okuvame ukuhlotshiswa ngayo isitayela functionalist ezakhiwa. It yakhelwe by Ragnar Yupyuya ukuhweba Naval Academy, State Archives yephrojekthi Uno Ullberg Vyborg Library.

Vyborg Library

Ngo-2013, emva kokuphothulwa sokubuyiselwa eziningi, yakhoselisa abafundi Vyborg City Library. Emhlabeni wonke njengoba Vyborg Library yaziwa. It kuphela wafika ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo wezwe lakithi oluvelele wezakhiwo Finnish. Kuvele adherent functionalism, kuhlangene yesimanjemanje, Aalto zaklama futhi zakha izindawo isakhiwo elihlangabezana nazo zonke izidingo zikhonjwe izitayela izakhiwo.

Umtapo lakhiwa iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili kwaphinde kwavulwa ngo-Okthoba 1935. Kuyo alizange phakathi nempi, kodwa hhayi yoniwe eminyakeni yangemva kwempi. Ngenxa dampness nokunganakwa uze labhidlika zokuxhumana, usimende, Uphahla lwangaphakathi, okuxhunyiwe ifenisha kwalahleka, avimbekile esiyingqayizivele ukupholisa uhlelo.

Ukubuyiselwa lokuqala-yalolucwaningo 50 kwenziwa ngaphandle imidwebo yokuqala, ngakho kuvulwa umtapo ngo-1961 wazala zifana kancane ngokudalwa Alvar Aalto. Eyesibili nokubuyiselwa iminyaka 1994-2013. Wabuyela ifomu yakhe yasekuqaleni. Umsebenzi abathintekayo yasungulwa ngo 1992 eFinland, iKomiti wokubuyiselwa Vyborg Library. ngamazwe esibanzi ohlelweni lokucwaninga ku ukubuyiselwa umsebenzi wezakhiwo Alvar Aalto lakhiwe. Uhlangothi Russian ukuthi ngezimali isabelomali sikahulumeni.

It ibuyiselwe ophahleni ukukhanya - round amawindi 57 kophahla oluyisicaba. ubukhulu wabo 1.8 m. Aalto ukujiya ibalwa kanye bevels ukuvuleka cylindrical ukuze kwelanga refracted therein futhi kubonakala. Lokhu kukhanya iyona ayiyona ingozi emehlweni futhi akunqandi bashise izincwadi.

Nalapha waqala ukusebenza nge ukupholisa "ukulawula isimo" obhekene naso uhlelo. Alvar Aalto yakhelwe ukuze uthuli alinyakazi emoyeni. Amapayipi kodwa angabangi umsindo emisa ophahleni, e odongeni ukukhwezwa ukupholisa imiphini, futhi ngaphansi amawindi afakwe air eyanele valve.

Ehholo inkulumo a inamagquma ophahleni acoustic esiyingqayizivele kwabuyiselwa.

Ukubuyisela umtapo, okumbalwa, sasivame izinto ezifanayo ukuthi zisetshenziswa umakhi yena.

Eminyakeni emithathu yempi 1939-1944

Kusukela ngo-November 1939 kuya ku-June 20 1944 ku ensimini Vyborg wesifunda kathathu futhi ushintshe isakhiwo amandla sabantu. Yonke imikhankaso emithathu lempi zinezikhathi yabambana ngezihluthu futhi abalimala esindayo phakathi kwabantu.

Eyokuqala wasala umlando igama "The Winter War". okufushane Soviet uthi ekulweni waqala Finns, shelling komngcele endaweni wezikhali Soviet. Umhlaba umphakathi kosozimali wamemezela ukuqala imisebenzi yezempi sicasulwa likahulumeni waseSoviet neSoviet Union axoshwe iNhlangano Yezizwe. Mashi 12, 1940 impi iphela lapho kusayinwa umthetho-ngeSivumelwano SaseMoscow, owawuthi 11% wendawo Finland, kufaka Vyborg, bathuthela eSoviet Union. Uhulumeni Finnish ngenkani bayiswe kwenye indawo bendawo ensimini ka Finland. On izimali wathatha amahora 24: akekho okwadingeka isikhathi ukuze uthole ndawonye ngempela, yonke impahla somshado kwakushiyelwa isiphelo sayo. A emazweni isimiso esikhethekile yayinqoba phathelana ngokujulile ugcwale abaseRussia, waqala izimboni ukusebenza, izinhlangano zamasiko, ezemfundo nezempilo.

Sokuthula yaphela Agasti 29, 1941, lapho ingxenye 4th Corps yebutho Finland umkhankaso hambisa sokuphindisela wathumba Vyborg. Russia futhi walahlekelwa kusona enyakatho-ntshonalanga. Amabutho ka Workers 'futhi Abalimi' iRed Army wasuka edolobheni. labantu Finnish baye ebuyela ezweni lawo, kodwa ngacabanga ukuhlala lapha kuphela iminyaka emithathu.

Juni 20, 1944, amabutho aseSoviet kabusha wangena Vyborg - iRussia yathatha yokuziphindiselela yayo, kanye Finns bashiye Khawuleza emaqaqasini.

Isigaba lesithupha - eU.SSR

Le nkathi ubhekwa ehlobo lika-1944 kuya ku-1991. izimpi ezintathu ziye zabangela umonakalo omkhulu kuleli dolobha. Ngaphambi kokuba bahambe, Finns misela amabhizinisi zezimboni ezibaluleke kakhulu futhi izakhiwo zokuhlala. Akuwona wonke umuntu ephethwe ukudambisa. izakhiwo ezingaphezu kuka-500 ezibhujisiwe. Emahlombe abantu baseSoviet sika ubeke umthwalo osindayo wokubuyisela emnothweni ezisemadolobheni. Vyborg kwahlanganiswa phakathi kwemizi 15 ukuba ababeyikhathalela ngokuyinhloko isimo.

Ngo-1947 uhlelo lokuthuthukisa ingqalasizinda Vyborg yasungulwa. Maphakathi nawo-50s waqala insimbi kanye shipbuilding isitshalo, citric acid nabanye abasebenza. Esikhundleni tram uxhumano ibhasi weza, sithathelwe indawo amakhanda zikagesi. izindawo zomlando ezifana eziMpini Zenkolo castle, izinqaba, amabhuloho futhi izindlu eziningi zangenkathi ephakathi, baqala ukubuyisela. Kuvulwe ebaziwe epaki futhi Museum "Mon Repos Park." Kwakuthinta zibuyiselwe iwashi umbhoshongo lombhishobhi.

"Mon Repos Park"

Tverdysh esiqhingini, engxenyeni esenyakatho ye Vyborg, kuyinto zomlando, yezakhiwo kanye yemvelo Museum-reserve "Mon Repos Park." Ekuqaleni, la mazwe Czar uPetru wanikeza phakade Usigaxamabhande we Vyborg inqaba Stupishin. Yena likhanyelwe emaxhaphozini, babefake evundile itshalwe nge mithi ethela izithelo nani lezihlahla. Bonke abanikazi okwalandela nazo zaba neqhaza ngcono izindlu.

Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke abaklami abadwebi, Okugweda futhi amakhosi engadini ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene wasebenza phezu izakhiwo farmstead futhi landscape. Engingakusho nje ukusho amagama ezifana Montferrand, Martinelli, Gonzaga, Thomas de Thomon A. Stakenschneider, Mettenleyter, Takanen. Phakathi neminyaka emithathu yezimpi 1939-1944 iningi yobuciko okulimele, isuswe noma ubhujiswe. Ezikhathini iSoviet, umsebenzi sokubuyiselwa ensimini ka epaki ihlanganisa kancane. Iningi izakhiwo lokusinda esetshenziselwa inhloso isikhungo nomphakathi - enkulisa, ekhaya lonke, njll ...

Okwamanje ke kuyathuthuka epaki. Njalo imikhosi umculo ehlobo lika Celtic folk, kukhona ukubuyiselwa ubudala futhi ekwakheni izakhiwo ezintsha, eklanyelwe ukubuyela kwepaki ukubukeka injongo ubudala.

Umlando kwakamuva kwe Vyborg

Umlando kwakamuva kwe Vyborg kukalwa kusukela ngo-1991 kuze kube manje. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi abanye babantu besikhathi sethu bathi kusukela iphuzu Ngenxa imingcele enyakatho-ntshonalanga Russian Federation, Vyborg walahlekelwa ukubaluleka yayo yangaphambili, sikholelwa lemicabango zingalungile nokuthi ayingozi. I umzana onezivikelo eziqinile waba namanje ivikela futhi kule ndawo, kanye nezwe lethu ekuhlaselweni nemibono alien kanye nendlela yokuphila. Lilele ukubaluleka kwayo zezombangazwe nezempi. He is base ezibaluleke kakhulu yemikhumbi yempi yezempi kuleli lizwe.

Vyborg Modern - lena enhle, idolobha lesimanje uziphethe ngokomoya futhi ibhizinisi asebenzayo. Kukhona izimboni, izikhungo eziningana ephakeme nezikhungo yesibili ezemfundo, izikole, izinkulisa, izibhedlela, niphumule amakhaya. Izinkinga ezokuthutha zomphakathi isixazululekile sibonga ukuvela interchanges entsha ezokuthutha. Ukuthuthukisa emkhakheni wezokuvakasha komnotho. Ikakhulukazi, ekuqiniseni Vyborg egqumeni isibhamu baba ingxenye nemizila uhambo.

Amatshwayo edolobheni

Phakathi izimpawu esemqoka yedolobha, okuyinto njalo ukutshela uyasiqondisa futhi lapho kuboniswa ku eziyisikhumbuzo Uyi castle eziMpini Zenkolo, uhlamvu Latin W, elingenamikhono izingalo edolobheni, lo odumile Vyborg sama-pretzel, Drakkar, isonto Hyacinth, umbhoshongo St-Olaf, iPharadesi futhi umbhoshongo iwashi, kanye eshiwo ngenhla lesikhumbuzo ukuze Marshal Knutsson.

Sama-pretzel, njengoba besho, akufani ukuthi uma inkazimulo beya emzini, kodwa namanje esihlwabusayo kakhulu, futhi izivakashi basazama sithengiselane ke bona nabathandekayo babo.

Ngokuphathelene isibonakaliso, ke yashintsha izandla kambalwa. Ngo 1710, ngemva kokunqoba kwamabutho kokuthi uPetru wehlelwe mina, kwaba ngomzamo ukuhlobisa ngomfanekiso wakhe sendlovu, kodwa uhlamvu lingafunyanwa. Elingenamikhono yesimanje ye izingalo Vyborg - kancane inguqulo ethuthukisiwe ye isibonakaliso, evunyiwe ngaphezulu Umbusikazi uCatherine II ngo-1788. Okukuwo emikhakheni emithathu - blue, phuzi futhi zibe bomvu. Bona - imiqhele ezintathu kanye nencwadi W. Right washiya izingelosi ezimbili. wings elikhulu abashisekeli wasezulwini nenqaba odongeni ngemuva futhi avikele inhlalakahle abakhileyo umhlaba wazi izwe baphathiswe.