"Arizona" (yempi) - ethuneni e 1177 kumatilosi

It has Amakhasi nezinezinhlekelele kakhulu emlandweni wezwe ngalinye. Tibangela nemizwa exubile. Kodwa ngento eyodwa: badinga ukukhumbula ukuvimbela ekuphindekeni. E-US igama elilodwa ikhasi ezinjalo - "Arizona" - yempi, owashona ngo-1941 futhi wahola izwe ukungena seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili.

Indlela Bonke baqala?

Ikhulu lamashumi amabili uqale nge umzabalazo kakhulu ukuze redivision zomhlaba. Ukuze yempi kwakusho sesimanje. Amazwe ligcwaliswe ngcono qualitative lwemikhumbi yabo futhi Ziyanda yabo.

Amandla eyinhloko Navy yempi babebhekwa njengabantu. Kusukela nesishiyagalolunye yempi ekhulwini kwathi imodeli ohluke ngokuphelele ukulwa umkhumbi. Zempi babebhekwa njengabangakufanelekeli efanelekayo ukulwa iqhaza isigaba. Zazisetshenziswa ukubhubhisa imikhumbi isitha nge mfanekiso wezikhali ukwesekwa ezweni. Lezi armored esindayo izibhamu ayenendawo ubukhulu 280-460 mm. Amatilosi lalinabashumayeli abantu neshumi nanhlanu kungaba njengoba eliphezulu ayizinkulungwane ezintathu. Nge ubude obuphakathi nendawo umkhumbi kusuka eziyikhulu namashumi ayisihlanu ukuba ezingamakhulu amathathu amamitha ukufuduka zazisuka amathani amabili abayizinkulungwane ezingamashumi ayisikhombisa.

Isizathu esiyinhloko bagxila lo yempi kwaba isifiso uthi ukuthola supremacy ngayo amandla ezempi. Amazwe amaningi aye igxile ngoxhaxha impi. Ezinye yabhekisela zezindiza. Emuva ngo-1922 e-United States naseBrithani wasayina Washington iSivumelwano kuyi-ingxenye yawo wonke mabutho of Japan, US naseBrithani. Eyokuqala iwine unelungelo amaphesenti amane kuphela yemikhumbi yase-England nase-United States. I-Japanese wanquma muhle abaphikisi babo e zezindiza.

Esikhathini namathathu banesifo esibi, izithakazelo kwalawa mazwe amabili angomakhelwane babhekene ngenxa yezinsiza uwoyela. Army futhi Navy ludinga ukukhwezelwa, kuyilapho Japan sikawoyela wayengekho. Abanikezeli igolide abamnyama ngesikhathi babe emazweni aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, ezifana Indonesia. isifiso Japan ukuyokudla imithombo kawoyela kwaholela kokuhilizisana-United States.

Umyalo US ayekhiphe eHawaii (lapho kulindeleke kuhlasela Japanese) waseCalifornia esetshenziswa emikhunjini yezempi. lempi Japanese ekuphenduleni yempi le obala Melika kanye Cruisers waqala nokuthuthukela emikhunjini yabo. Yapha yempi namabhomu udibi Ukubhoboza yaphenduka abathwali izindiza.

Phakathi abayiswe waseCalifornia, futhi umkhumbi wawususukile yempi "Arizona".

ongakhetha ukulwa

On the ngisemsebenzini eBrooklyn ukwakha umkhumbi "Arizona" wethulwa Mashi 1914. Battleship baba esinganqobeki unit lempi kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala izimpi.

Esibalulekile amandla ukulwa umkhumbi has isici izikhali zalo. yempi American "Arizona" kwaba ebhodini kwayo arsenal umxhwele ephezulu osezingeni izikhali, nambili izibhamu osezingeni 356 mm; . Izibhamu amabili osezingeni 5 "/ 51; izibhamu ezine osezingeni 76/23; ZIHALALISELA izibhamu ezine 47 mm ezimbili 1-pounders 37 mm; torpedo izibhamu ezimbili 533 mm phezu umkhumbi baningi crew - 1385 izikhulu nakubantu.

Ubukhulu yangaphandle futhi ugqozi nenhlonipho. Nge ubude eziyikhulu namashumi ayisishiyagalombili amathathu nambili ububanzi umkhumbi tonnage safinyelela amathani 31.400. Isivinini travel - iyunithi amabili nanye.

Lo mkhumbi khona inqaba ungenakunqotshwa phezu kwamanzi, it has a izinhlangothi enamandla njengomuzi ongangeneki. Kodwa-Japanese akazange ukuhlasela ke kulindeleke ngendlela yendabuko. Zempi emphemeni ongaphezulu azange abe amandla, behlephula akuzange kube nzima.

Ilungiselela ukuhlasela Japan

Ngo-1940, Hawaii nabanye yempi kufika "Arizona". Battleship bavikela enkanjini ngesikhathi Pearl Harbor. BaseMelika namanje babekholelwa ukuthi empini ezayo kuyoba umkhumbi impi. Kodwa-Japanese wayengacabangi kanjalo.

Ngu 1941, iqembu eliholwa Admiral Yamamoto ngakwazi ukusungula uhlelo okungavamile ukubhubhisa umoya yempi. Indiza nge iqembu lamadoda amathathu kokuthatha off kusukela umkhumbi othwala izindiza futhi baqhubeka ibhodi amabhomu-one ton. Airspeed safinyelela amakhilomitha anamakhulu mahlanu ngehora. yokudlondlobala elalingumakhonya ku wezasemoyeni phezu Pacific Ocean wayiswa Japan.

Amaminithi wokugcina yempi "Arizona"

Seventh ngoDisemba 1941 - isahluko Kwakudabukisa futhi kuyishwa emlandweni we-US. Ekuseni ngeSonto, lapho ethekwini Pearl Harbor wayelele ngokuthula, umyalo Japanese wenza kuhlasela kabili port ezempi. Eyokuqala iqale ngo sesikhombisa, sesishiyagalombili futhi yathatha imizuzu eyishumi nesishiyagalombili. Eyesibili okuphindaphindiwe at ngehora futhi yathatha imizuzu amabili. Ngesikhathi ngomzuzu weshumi nantathu Esigamekweni sokuqala (at ngehora lesishiyagalombili imizuzu eyisithupha) lost yempi "Arizona".

Ukuhlaselwa Pearl Harbor wenza amane torpedo futhi ekuhlaseleni amathathu namashumi amahlanu ezintathu. Ngamunye zasolwandle kanye izindiza unomsebenzi lalo. Ekuhlaseleni ohlwini lwalabo abayobhujiswa ka airfields, torpedo ekuhlaseleni yahlaselwa ezimbili izinhlangothi siqhingi nqaba. Ngehora lesishiyagalombili kumaminithi emine ibhomu lokuqala hit yempi, bese amane ngaphezulu. Leli bhomu uqala umgqomo isikhali ngaphuma. A imizuzwana embalwa kamuva ukuqhuma futhi umlilo uqale. Flames ifinyelele ukuphakama kwamamitha amabili namashumi amane.

Ukufa yempi "Arizona" livelile hhayi kusukela yokushayiswa torpedo. Umonakalo esingokwemvelo torpedo ukunqotshwa, atholakele.

documentary ubufakazi

Nge omi eduze esibhedlela-umkhumbi Soles Dr. Eric Haakenson wathwebula mzuzu umthelela indiza nge ibhomu e foredeck. Kube wempi powder supply. Ammunition yamila kanye kubange wave yokuqhuma okwalandela. Gumbi ngoba gumbi ngendiza emoyeni. Battleship sephula nengxenye futhi baqala ukuhlala phansi. Zonke umkhumbi in flames esasivunguza izinsuku ezintathu. lulahlekile umkhumbi.

Waba yini umphumela wesibindi kuhlaselwa Pearl Harbor

Phakathi kwalokho kuhlasela kubulale abantu abangu-1177. Phakathi kwabo, Admiral Ayzek Kit. Wayekhona ekuseni yempi. Ilondolozwe Kahle kuphela indandatho ukukhululwa Admiral we Naval Academy, okuyinto unaphakade soldered ibhodi "Arizona 'isitsha. Battleship kwaholela Franklin Van Valkenburg, abahlanganyela isiphetho nomsizi wakhe. Iyunithi kwasala. kweminyaka emibili ngiqhube ukuhlaziya izinsalela. It ukuhlenga ekuthunjweni yensimbi umzimba 233 efile. amatilosi angaphezu kuka-ayisishiyagalolunye namashumi kuze kube sekugcineni emkhunjini "Arizona". Battleship amanzi namanje.

Lokho kuhlasela kwama wabulala hhayi kuphela "Arizona". Battleship isibe omunye yempi ezine US Navy Ngishoné 7 Disemba 1941. Bobabili bakwazi ukuba alulame ngo-1944. nezinye yempi Four wathola kobukhulu obuhlukahlukene umbhalo wokulinyazwa. Thina wahlupheka ekuhlaseleni Japanese kubabulali abathathu, omunye minelayer futhi Cruisers ezintathu. US izindiza elahlekile kungathi izingalo ezingamakhulu amabili izindiza. Washona ezimbili namakhulu nengxenye abantu abalimele konfuzheny - eziyinkulungwane namakhulu amabili namashumi ayisishiyagalombili nambili.

Japanese ukumangala kuhlasela nokubhujiswa US enkanjini esiqhingini Pearl Harbor kwaholela ezinguqukweni ku ukubukwa US nabezombusazwe. Franklin Roosevelt anxenxa zimemezele impi eJapane. Disemba 7, 1941 - usuku United States bangena neMpi Yezwe II. Futhi isizathu ukuthi simi ngale ndlela: yempi "Arizona" ezansi ngenxa nokubhonywa indiza Japanese.

inkumbulo phakade

Izindawo zokukhulekela le lushone "Arizona" iqala ngo-1950. Admiral Arthur Radford, kuyilapho induna US Pacific Fleet, aphawula ukuqala isiko elisha, ephakamisela ifulege lesizwe yokudumisa nezisebenzi elahlekile. Ngenxa yalesi ingxenye superstructure womkhumbi waba adiliza, emaceleni kukora yinqwaba ukhonkolo amandla design. Phezu kwezingodo kusungulwa inkundla encane, okwakungathi hang phezu izinsalela yempi. emcimbini ukuhlonipha "Arizona" amatilosi lapha futhi enze.

lesikhumbuzo on the spot lapho yacwila yempi "Arizona" lakhiwa 1962. Memorial isendaweni izinsalela umkhumbi, okuyinto kuyabonakala ngokusebenzisa ebusweni ulwandle. isakhiwo Ukhonkolo asisho uthinte sikebhe we yempi. Ngesikhathi singena esangweni eziyinkimbinkimbi Museum, izivakashi kuyakhexisa ihange amvusa ibhodi "Arizona".

Ngo main ehholo izivakashi sinake amafasitela eziyisikhombisa, elimelela kosuku lokufa bomkhumbi ukulwa. On ezindongeni Museum aqoshwe amagama amatilosi efile. Ukuze bafike lapho, udinga yokunqoba isithiyo esibangwa amanzi, ilizwe nangayiphi indlela. Ukuze kube lula izivakashi eyakhelwe emtateni.

Ubufakazi usizi okuphakade

Ukubaluleka for baseMelika alondoloze inkumbulo kwaphakade amatilosi abafileyo 1177 kuqinisekiswa amaqiniso eziningana:

• Okwesihlanu Meyi 1989 walondoloza sikebhe we yempi kwahlanganiswa inani izingosi mlando kazwelonke.
• Engakabi yayo, yisikhumbuzo yahanjelwa abantu abangaphezu kwesigidi.

• Njalo umongameli aseMelika phakathi neminyaka ehlala e-White House liyadingeka okungenani kanye ukuvakashela le sayithi mlando. Namuhla, evakashele yempi ayisikhumbuzo "Arizona" inhloko yezwe isibe isiko.
• The Emperor of Japan wathatha ingxenye kulowo mkhosi nokubeka amagoda ezimbali ohlwini amatilosi efile.

Legend of the kokufa yempi

Imibuzo eminingi mayelana ukufa yempi namanje abazange bathole izimpendulo. Ngakho-ke, emhlabeni izenzakalo ezijabulisayo-December 7, 1941 kukhona legends.

Omunye wabo ehlangene ekubhujisweni enjalo okusheshayo ukulwa umkhumbi. Bathi ukuxoxa umthelela omkhulu torpedoes e sikebhe emkhunjini nge ngokuhlanganyela amabhomu eziyisikhombisa hit. Kodwa "Arizona" angithuki. omunye ibhomu kuphela hit ipayipi okuholela ukubhujiswa yempi. Ukuhlolwa flue waveza ukungalandelani ka inguqulo enjalo. Umonakalo isici sale hit kanye ukuqhuma okwalandela atholakele.

Le nganekwane ophilayo

Le nganekwane Yafika neyesibili eminyakeni embalwa ngemva kokufa umkhumbi, emva ukwakhiwa yisikhumbuzo ukhonkolo isayithi yezikhukhula yayo. Ngezikhathi phezu kwamanzi zibhebhetheka ibala oily. wabuka yayo iyefana izinyembezi emehlweni. umbala Purple-bomvu kusikisela ukufana ngegazi. Izivakashi azame ukwenza isithombe yempi "Arizona" ngalesi sikhathi. BaseMelika bakholelwa ukuthi indlela yempi uyalila nezisebenzi zawo efile. Eqinisweni, kusobala kusukela egqwalile amafutha engine egumbini engine. Kodwa izinganekwane futhi adluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ezilandelayo.