Umkhumbi komugqa. Zempi we Russian Imperial Navy

Battleship - wempi sisuka kwesihlahla displacement amathani afinyelela ku ayizinkulungwane 6 .. Babefanele 135 izibhamu ezinhlangothini, wahlela imigqa eziningana, futhi kufika izisebenzi 800. Lezi zitsha ziye zasetshenziswa impi ngasolwandle nokusetshenziswa okuthiwa komugqa ukulwa amacebo e 17-19 eminyaka.

Ukubukeka yempi

Igama elithi "umkhumbi komugqa" Kuyaziwa kusukela esikhathini imikhumbi. Phakathi kolwandle impi mnogopalubniki zikleliswe umugqa owodwa ukunikeza Salvo kwezibhamu isitha. Kuyinto umlilo kanyekanye kuzo zonke ku-ibhodi izibhamu inflicted umonakalo elisemqoka kuya isitha. Ngokushesha, leli qhinga seyaziwa ngokuthi ohlwini lwempi. Ukwakhiwa imikhumbi e emgqeni ngesikhathi ulwandle izimpi aqalwa esetshenziswa English mabutho Spanish ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-17.

Okhokho baso yempi kukhona galleons ngezikhali esindayo, Carrack. Lapho kukhulunywa ngaye okokuqala kubo uvele Europe ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-17. Letindlela yempi babe galleons ukuxegiselwa kakhulu futhi mfushane. Lezi izimfanelo wabavumela ukuwuqondisa ngokushesha, okungukuthi iyahambelana eceleni isitha. Kwakudingekile ukwakha ngendlela yokuthi ekhaleni lomkhumbi olandelayo kwaba ngempela iqondiswe ukondla sangaphambilini. Kungani ungesabanga ukubeka imikhumbi ibhodi iyahlaselwa isitha? Ngoba multilayer ukhuni izinhlangothi babe isivikelo kusukela ezimbumbulwini umkhumbi isitha.

Inqubo yokuba yempi

Ngokushesha uvele mnogopalubny yempi ngomkhumbi, okuyinto iminyaka engaphezu kuka-250, uye waba indlela enkulu ezilwa olwandle. Inqubekela akemi namanje, sibonga izindlela ezintsha zokuthola izinsuku ekubalweni izakhiwo isibe kungenzeka ukusika isibhamu nezimbobo kwezinye emibuthanweni ekuqaleni ukwakhiwa. Ngakho, kungenzeka ukuba abale amandla emkhunjini ngaphambi umkhankaso. Phakathi nekhulu le-17, kunomahluko ocacile phakathi amakilasi:

1. Esidala double anesitezi. Ihamba kabani onezitezi zitholakala eyodwa ngaphezu kwamanye. Zenziwa ku-50 izibhamu, zokudubula isitha ngefasitela ohlangothini umkhumbi. Lezi zikebhe ezihamba babe engaqinile ngokwanele ukuba akwazi ukugcina ulayini impi, futhi ngokuyinhloko asetshenziswa njengendlela wokugada kulandelana.
2. Kabili emphemeni imikhumbi Linear nenombolo izibhamu 64 kuya kwangu-90 amele ingxenye eyinhloko imikhumbi.
3. Amathathu- noma amane-imikhumbi 98-144 ukulwa izibhamu, udlale indima Champions. Fleet equkethe 10-25 ngomkhumbi onjalo ezazingakwazi ukuyilawula ukuhweba imigqa uma kwenzeka isinyathelo sezempi ukubavimbela ngoba isitha.

Ukwahlukana kusuka nezinye yempi

imishini Sailing kusukela frigates futhi yempi ka okufanayo - ezintathu-mast. On ngamunye ngempela ukwethula oseyili sikwele. Noko-frigate kanye umugqa umkhumbi ube umehluko othize. Lo mqeqeshi owake wapheka has ibhethri avaliwe esisodwa kuphela, komugqa izimoto eziningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani izibhamu ezimbili eziqeda kushiwo okuningi njengoba lokhu kusebenza futhi ukuphakama bead. Kodwa frigates ezikwazi futhi ongasebenza ngisho emanzini angajulile.

Kusukela galleon umkhumbi oseyili emgceni locondzile lihlukile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lona wamuva ayinakho umbhoshongo unxande ku esikebheni futhi isihlalo sendlu yangasese umnsalo. Battleship galleon futhi baphakame isivinini kanye maneuverability, futhi empini wezikhali. Lesi sakamuva ehlelelwe more ze-boarding ukulwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuvamile esetshenziswa ukuthutha amasosha nezimpahla ezidingekayo.

Ukubukeka yempi eRussia

Ngaphambi wokubusa uPetru ngangingenabo izakhiwo eRussia. Eyokuqala Russian umkhumbi umugqa okubhekiselwe kubo ngelithi "Goto Ukunqunyelwa kusengaphambili". By eko kwekhulu le-18 e-Russian Imperial Navy kwakufanele 36 Imikhumbi enjalo. Ekuqaleni kwaba ephelele ikhophi onobuhle Western, kodwa ekupheleni wokubusa uPetru mina, imikhumbi komugqa Russian waqala izici ayo ehlukile. Kwakumelwe sifushane, kwadingeka ukuncipha kancane, okuba nomthelela omubi lo seaworthiness. Le mikhumbi kahle kakhulu kuhambisana nemibandela yoLwandle Azov, bese oLwandle iBaltic. Abahileleke ngokuqondile ukuklanywa nokwakhiwa kombusi ngokwakhe wathatha. Igama layo - Russian Imperial Navy egqoka lasolwandle nge Russia Okthoba 22, 1721 ku-Apreli 16, 1917. izikhulu Naval kwakuyoba lula ukukhonza khona kuphela abantu abavela nabakhulu amatilosi ngemikhumbi - ukubuthela kubantu abavamile. Impilo inkonzo Navy ngabo kwaba impilo yonke.

Battleship "Nambili"

"12 Abaphostoli" yasungulwa ngo 1838 futhi umkhankaso ngo-1841 emzini Mykolayiv. Kuyinto umkhumbi nge kwaqhuma 120 ebhodini. Sekukonke kwakukhona 3 Russian lasolwandle mkhumbi yalolu hlobo. Le mikhumbi kwawo yayiphawuleka hhayi kuphela ubuhle bayo nobuhle ifomu, babengenazo alinganayo empini phakathi sailboats. Battleship "12 Abaphostoli" kwaba ingxenye yokuqala Russian Imperial Navy, eyayintula amasha paixhans isibhamu kwezikhali.

isiphetho womkhumbi kwakusobala kangangokuthi wayengasaboni ahlanganyele kunoma yiluphi impi Black Sea Fleet. Isidumbu sakhe abephule futhi Awukatholi iyiphi izimbobo. Kodwa lokhu umkhumbi waba isikhungo ukuqeqeshwa model, kuqinisekisa ekumeleleni izinqaba Russian nezinqaba eNtshonalanga eCaucasus. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lo mkhumbi waziphatha zokuthutha amasosha futhi bezwe baya kohambo olude 3-4 izinyanga. Ngemva kwalokho, lo mkhumbi wawudla izindwali.

Izizathu yempi walahlekelwa ukubaluleka kwabo

Isikhundla imikhumbi sokhuni umugqa njengoba amandla main kolwandle ezinyakaziswayo ngenxa ukuthuthukiswa wezikhali. nokuqhuma okuningi kwamabhomu izibhamu lwangena kalula ukhuni ibhodi amabhomu ezazigxishwe powder okuxekethile, kanjalo okubangela umonakalo imoto futhi okubangela imililo. Uma phambi wezikhali akazange ukumela olukhulu ukuze hulls lwemikhumbi izibhamu esigamekweni sokuqhunyiswa ungase uqale ezansi le yempi Russian kuphela nedlanzana hits ambalwa. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, kukhona umbuzo mayelana nokuvikelwa izakhiwo wenza zempi metal.

Ngo-1848, wasungula i-bendiza isikulufa futhi kuqhathaniswa enamandla umusi izinjini, sailboats lokhuni ngakho kancane amaningi aqala ukulishiya leli esiteji. Ezinye mikhumbi refitted futhi ifakwe umusi amayunithi. Futhi, eziningi imikhumbi emikhulu noseyili badedelwa, umkhuba wabo okuthiwa komugqa.

Zempi we Russian Imperial Navy

Ngo-1907, isigaba esisha izitsha, eRussia bebizwa yomugqa, noma esifushanisiwe ifomu - yempi. Lokhu armored wezikhali esetshenziswa emikhunjini yezempi. ukufuduka wabo 20 kuya kwezingu-65. tonnes. Uma siqhathanisa imikhumbi komugqa ngekhulu le-18 futhi yempi, lona wamuva abe ubude esuka 150 kuya ku-250 m. On izingalo babe osezingeni isikhali kusuka 280 kuya 460 mm. Amatilosi we yempi - kusuka 1500 kuya ku-abantu 2800. Babesebenzisa umkhumbi ukubhubhisa isitha lichaza ekwakheni zamabutho empi nokusekelwa wezikhali ngoba phansi imisebenzi. Igama lakhe wanikwa imikhumbi hhayi kuphela ikhumbule emigqeni lokuthumela, njengoba ngenxa yokuthi kwakudingeka avuselele umugqa lwempi amacebo.