Tallinn sika Baltic Fleet inguqulelo

Emlandweni ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe ongene umcimbi, okwenzeka ngasekupheleni July 1941 futhi wathola igama Tallinn Baltic Fleet inguquko. Lokhu okwakungakaze kube khona ukusebenza kwawo eyinkimbinkimbi kwaba isibonelo sakhe sesibindi wedwa we amatilosi Soviet.

Kubalwa umyalo

Njengoba imibhalo ezigciniwe eminyakeni yamuva, ekuqaleni eJalimane lobuNazi ehlasela iSoviet Union base eyinhloko aseBaltic Fleet itholakala eTallinn. Nokho, naphezu kwalokhu, umsebenzi odingekayo ukuze uqinise kulo muzi ngokucela abantu ezweni nasolwandle awazange olwenziwa. Umyalo amathemba iphinwe yokuthi, ngenxa ibanga wabo kusukela emngceleni, inhloko-dolobha yase-Estonia ngeke ehlaselwa isitha.

Lezi izibalo babe sematheni nge ukuthuthukiswa ngokushesha we sokuhlasela ibutho lamaJalimane, okuye kwaphumela ngezinsuku zokuqala eziyishumi July 1941 isitha kwakuyinto amakhilomitha ayisithupha kusukela Tallinn, ukudala, ngaleyo ndlela, nosongo langempela kukhona base wamabutho asolwandle, esigabeni somhlaba hhayi ngesikhathi izokhipha amasosha ezitha nezakhamuzi.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi esiphuthumayo kwaba umyalo ngempela esobala North-West isiqondiso, eliholwa Marshal K. E. Voroshilovym, ukwesaba umthwalo, akazange alinge ukunikeza oda ezifanele, futhi ngaleyo ndlela, kulahleke isikhathi. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ekhishwa imikhumbi Baltic Fleet namabutho wesisekelo ukuvinjelwa isitha, lapha bekene waqala ngaphansi ezisindayo isitha umlilo. Lo msebenzi afakwe umlando empini ngokuthi abantu baphume yaseSoviet yokuthuthela eTallinn.

Imizamo isitha, okuhloswe ngaso ekuthumbeni Tallinn

I kusengaphambili ngokushesha amabutho aseJalimane kwabangelwa oda kaHitler, befuna ngazo zonke izindlela ukuvimbela ezazishushumbiswa Army futhi imikhumbi Baltic Fleet yiLeningrad, ukuyiswa okuyinto, ngokusho plan "Barbarossa", omunye lokho okuyizidingo eziseqhulwini umyalo German.

Ngenxa yokuba baphume yaseSoviet yokuthuthela Tallinn kwenziwa ngaphansi umlilo nesikhombisa wezikhali Battalion kumi ku oluseningizimu eGulf of Finland, okuyinto asekelwe ibhethri ezimbili Finnish. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isimo kakhulu nzima nabaningi minefields, embukisweni ngokuhlanganyela navies isiJalimane Finnish futhi zasolwandle isitha izindiza. Limelela engozini enkulu futhi Finnish torpedo bezihlahla, ezisebenza endaweni bay.

I-oda onemibuzo

Kulezi zinsuku, ochwepheshe ezempi kuphakamisa imibuzo eminingi umyalo uhlelo, ngesisekelo lapho Tallinn inguquko. Bunich Igor Lvovich - a Russian abadumile umbhali, isazi-mlando futhi isikhulumi - encwadini yakhe enikelwe izenzakalo leyo minyaka, yabhekisela Ezingalapheki umsindo logic ukusebenzisa for ukudlula yonke imikhumbi isiteshi emaphakathi.

Akungabazeki ukuthi uma lwalujulile ngokwanele futhi efanelekayo ngokubamba iqhaza ushintsho impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu Kirov, kodwa kungani lonke izinkantolo, okwadingeka imvula kakhulu kancane, ukuthi akuvumelekile ukusebenzisa amanye Fairways - akucacile. Ngakho, imikhumbi isingamakhilomitha amakhilomitha amaningi, futhi linikeza isivikelo kusukela ulwandle kanye nomoya amabutho esitha kwaba nzima.

Njengoba kufakazelwa encwadini yakhe Igor Bunich, eTallinn inguqulelo kwenziwa nokushoda okuyoba inhlekelele minesweepers. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ukuhlola emayini ivolumu efanele akukabonakaliswa, futhi endaweni bay harbored ingozi ofayo ngenxa inani elikhulu zombili izimayini German nawaseSoviet asolwandle.

Isimo esihleliwe imikhumbi umyalo

Ngokuya ngalolu hlelo lakhiwa abasebenzi wokusebenza, eTallinn inguqulelo kwadingeka ukuba kwenziwe kanje: ngaphambili yafakwa ihlukane zamabutho main, yena kwalandelwa ikhava imikhumbi, le rearguard, wavala kulandelana ezine nendlwana. Ngaphambi iqembu imikhumbi ngamunye ezibangelwa umsebenzi othile, kusetjentiswa ngemphumelelo okuyinto kwakuxhomeke umphumela jikelele waleli cala.

Ubude semikhumbi eyikhulu nanhlanu wathatha iqhaza ekuqhutshweni. I lamabutho zamabutho main oholwa impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Kirov". Walandelwa abachithi ezine, ngwenya emihlanu, inani elifanayo minesweepers futhi inani elikhulu torpedo, patrol izikebhe nezinye. Kwakuyisikhathi lamabutho ka umzimba omkhulu.

Ikhava squad kuhlanganisiwe kubabulali abathathu, ngwenya ezine kanye izikebhe izinjongo ezihlukahlukene. Rearguard lalinabashumayeli kubabulali abathathu, imikhumbi patrol ezintathu nezikebhe. ukunakekelwa zalo zazizine kulandelana, ehlanganisa inqwaba imikhumbi yezimpahla ethutha izimpahla ezehlukene kanye nabantu. Ngaphezu lezi zitsha, ukusebenza abathintekayo inqwaba ezengeziwe wokugada imikhumbi.

Isivuno olwandle, futhi ukulahlekelwa lokuqala

Tallinn inguqulelo lwaluqala entathakusa yango-August 28, lapho yempi futhi uyisa bayalwa ukuya ethekwini yangaphandle. Nokho, kusasele yabo okusheshayo uvinjelwe babedlala out ukuthi isiphepho usuku, ephelezelwa umoya onamandla enyakatho-mpumalanga. Kuphela kuntambama izulu liphenya futhi inkantolo, naphezu kwezinkinga elalibhekene esindayo ezingontuluntulu lesitha, sebeqale kabusha e ekusukeni oda.

Ngokwezwi nezwi igama elithi kusukela imizuzu yokuqala ekulweni ezimayini ulwandle langena izikebhe ezinezinjini zika, njalo ngibashaye ngesifo Paravani zabo - eziklanyelwe salokhu amadivayisi injongo, futhi trawls. Kodwa bay kwase igcwele ezimayini ukuthi umkhumbi is hhayi njalo ephethwe ngesikhathi ukuze ugweme umhlangano nabo. Ngenxa yalokho lalolusuku izisulu zezinhlekelele Landmines waqala ayisishiyagalolunye ebusweni imikhumbi-ngwenya ezimbili.

Kusihlwa nobusuku egcwele usizi

Ngosuku lokuqala uhambo lolu hide uyisa futhi izikhathi eziningana ngaphansi ezingontuluntulu lesitha, ebekubanjwe wakwenza ngokuzimisela, kodwa kwanhlanga zimuka nomoya. Mayelana 20:00 babebhekwa Finnish torpedo izikebhe, lafinyelela rapprochement nezinkantolo Soviet, kodwa obukhulu umlilo kwaqhuma, wasiphosela phambi bafika ibanga uhlwayi torpedo. ukulahlekelwa Heavy wahlupheka ngenxa ukuhlaselwa kulandelana ngu izindiza isitha, kwenziwa nje ngaphambi ukuqala ebumnyameni. ngemikhumbi emine aseSoviet Ngishoné, nokuningi ezimbili zalimala kakhulu.

Kodwa ngezinga elithile elikhulu nakakhulu isimo isibe kuyinkimbinkimbi nakakhulu lapho kuqala bumnyama, lapho umkhumbi lixuku main kwaba phakathi endaweni egqitshwe amabhomu okuqinile. Ngalobu busuku, bathi wagibela kwezimayini yacwila nanye imikhumbi surface futhi omunye ngwenya. Kusukela nabasebenza kuzo eziningi futhi abagibeli ebhodini kunabantu abambalwa kuphela wakwazi ukuhlenga.

Banikezwe isimo samanje, induna imikhumbi waphoqeleka ukuba oda zonke izitsha ezisele ukuze udedele ihange ulinde kuze kuse. Waba yini umphumela walesi umkhankaso wokuqala ebusuku Kwakwethusa - izitsha ezingamashumi amabili nesithupha ka yilabo abeza ngosuku olwandulela usuku Tallinn, abangu Ngishoné. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imikhumbi emihlanu - ezilimele ezimbili bathunjwa isitha, futhi omunye ezingekho.

Air sokuhlasela isitha

Nge imisebe yokuqala ilanga Agasti 29, 1941 imikhumbi aqhubeka nendlela yawo, kodwa ngalolu suku isiphetho esitolo ngabo test ezinkulu nakakhulu. Kakade 5 amahora angaba mane nemizuzu engu-30 phezu nendlwana babe indiza kwesimo endaweni isiJalimane, futhi kusukela 7,30 air kuphangwa balandela ngezindawo. imvamisa kwabo kusizile kwenza ukusondela aerodromes ugu, ibanga ingeqi eziyikhulu amakhilomitha, futhi ukungabi sekuyaphela esibhakabhakeni izindiza Soviet.

Cishe ngaphandle kokuhlangana ngophezu kwezitha umlilo sina, bandisa German bakwazi ukukhetha Okuqondiwe ngobukhulu futhi ezibuthaka kunezinye, bese hit kubo ngesihluku. Ngenxa yalokho, ukucacisa esigamekweni sokuqhunyiswa ngo-August 29, kwanezelwa ngaphambilini efile okwamanje nane izitsha, kanye isibalo sezikhungo lezo ezilimele futhi kudingeka yokudonsa.

Rescue, ugcine izinkulungwane zezimpilo

Lolu suku kwaphawulwa yisibalo esikhulu sabasebenzi esingakaze abalimala phakathi amatilosi, futhi abagibeli lwemikhumbi, ezazihlanganisa babaleki lempi phansi amabutho nezakhamuzi. Noma kunjalo, ngenxa yezenzo usizo lapho becindezelekile atakulwa abantu abangaphezu kuka-anesithoba amawaka anamakhulu mathathu, futhi angaba yizinkulungwane eziyisithupha bakwazi ukwehla kusukela imikhumbi evuthayo esiqhingini Hogland. Amatilosi, ikakhulukazi badingiselwa zokuqhuba ukusindisa Kronstadt, kanye iziqhingi Lavensaari futhi Hogland, kungasindisa izinkulungwane zezimpilo.

Ukuzama ukuqonda izimbangela nhlekelele

Ukuchaza izizathu eziningi ukulahlekelwa elalihambisana esiphuthumayo yaseSoviet yokuthuthela Tallinn, Bunich Igor Lvovich, incwadi ekhuluma ngenhla, kanye eziningi mlando sezempi ukhombe ukuhluleka okwedlulele umyalo, bavame ukunikeza oda okuphambene ingqondo. Ngokwesibonelo, futhi ngaphandle ukuthi paucity kwesembozo eye wenziwa buthakathaka oda, thina uqhubekele kusuka impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Kirov", owawuthi ngwenya ezimbili bayalwa, kokushiya kulandelana ngejubane ethunyelwe Kronstadt, ukuthi ukhiphé ngokushesha.

Njengoba siqaphela ukuthi inombolo oda ukuthi wabizela yilo ukuhluleka elinengqondo izikhulu, izinduna imikhumbi ngazinye, naphezu kwalo myalo, le nkantolo fairway wabo oseningizimu futhi sifinyelele ngokuphepha lapho uya khona, ngokusindisa abantu.

Inkantolo befinyelela umgomo oyifunayo

Ngu kusihlwa kosuku lokuqala lemikhumbi esindayo main nendlwana amabutho zaqala ukutheleka e Kronstadt. Kwaze kwaba phakathi kwamabili amabili nesishiyagalolunye bakwazi ukufinyelela ngempumelelo waphonsa ihange imigwaqo base ngobukhulu asolwandle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngisho eyishumi nesithupha safinyelela indawo amabutho zethu Hogland isiqhingi.

Agasti 30 Kronstadt efika singly, babehlangana ngamaqembu amancane noma ngisho nemikhumbi namakhulu ayisikhombisa futhi. Ngokushesha ihlelwe ukulethwa zonke zezisebenzi bophulwe, kanye namasosha nezakhamuzi eLeningrad. Abalimele Kwasakazwa izibhedlela, futhi labo abangeke bakwazi ukuphatha izikhali, zalotshwa amayunithi ukuthi kwamiswa ukuthumela ngaphambili. yaphela Ngakho esiphuthumayo yaseSoviet yokuthuthela Tallinn, imiphumela okukuvumela ukuba baxhumanisa lokho emakhasini ebanga usizi kunazo zonke emlandweni lasolwandle Soviet.

Ukulahlekelwa incurred izinsuku inguqulelo

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi kwezinye izincwadi unikezwa inombolo ehlukile lwemikhumbi wabulala phakathi nalo msebenzi, kucatshangwa ukuthi kukhona baba ngamashumi amathandathu anamabini. Le mali okuhambisana kakhulu ngedatha litholakale abacwaningi. Kuhlanganisa kokubili yempi nezitsha asizayo kanye ezokuthutha.

Futhi, kungekho ukuvumelana ngenani izisulu. Tributs Admiral, owayala kuleyo minyaka aseBaltic Fleet, uthi cishe izinkulungwane ezinhlanu eshonile Umlando wakhe. Kusukela umbiko Stalin, Yabantu Commissar we Navy N. G. Kuznetsova, kusobala ukuthi kukhona babe yizinkulungwane eziyisikhombisa namakhulu ayisikhombisa, kanye Incwadi engokomthetho Jikelele Abasebenzi umemezela ayizinkulungwane eziyishumi. Ngokusobala, lolu lwazi iqiniso kakhulu, njengoba ezikhathini Soviet, wayiswa overestimate ngokulahlekelwa kwabo siqu.

Usuku zalesi sibhicongo

Kulo nyaka iqeda iminyaka engu 75 ka ukuthuthwa kwabantu ngenxa yengozi yaseSoviet yokuthuthela Tallinn, ngokuqondene okuyinto kwagxilwa emakhasini nobuqhawe umlando Russian. Ekupheleni kuka-August, isidlulile eziningana izenzakalo uhlamvu zomlando ezibonisa ukushisekela izwe, wakhe ubuhanjelwe kokubili Veterans Navy kanye nentsha.

Ezikrinini yezwe wafika zalesi sibhicongo anikezelwe amafilimu documentary. Tallinn inguqulelo umelwe kuzo ngesisekelo imibhalo ezigciniwe kanye Umlando labahlanganyeli izenzakalo. Nazo zimemezela mayelana umsebenzi eyanikezwa ematilosini aseBaltic. Ngaphezu imisebenzi Igorya Bunicha, okukhulunywe ngaye ngenhla, ngalezo zinsuku, silethwa ezithebeni abafundi nezinye izincwadi mayelana esiphuthumayo yaseSoviet yokuthuthela eTallinn.