Yiziphi imiphumela Eminyakeni Eyikhulu neMpi (1337-1453)? Eminyakeni Eyikhulu neMpi: ezigabeni nemiphumela

Yini kungaba kubi kunokwakuqala impi, lapho izithakazelo osombangazwe amandla amakhulu ezinkulungwane zabantu zibulawa abadla. Futhi awful ngaphezulu okwathatha isikhathi eside kangako empini, ngesikhathi lapho abantu bafunde ukuphila endaweni lapho kufa ngizifice nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, futhi ukuphila komuntu ayibalulekile. Okunjalo kwaba le Eminyakeni Eyikhulu neMpi, izizathu, izigaba, imiphumela kanye Umlandvomphilo Izıhlabane okuyinto tibukisiswe.

izizathu

Ngaphambi kokuba ngifunde Yaba yini imiphumela Eminyakeni Eyikhulu neMpi, kufanele baqonde zako. Lolu shintsho lwaqala ngesikhathi yokuthi amadodana French iNkosi uPhilip Wesine zishiye indlalifa besilisa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo esaphila umzukulu ongowokuzalwa indodakazi le nkosi sika-Isabella - IsiZulu Korol Eduard Okwesithathu, ethathe ubukhosi laseNgilandi 1328 eneminyaka engu-iminyaka engu-16. Nokho, akakwazanga abathi isihlalo sobukhosi France, ngokuvumelana noMthetho Salic. Ngakho, e-France ukubusa lwamakhosi of Valois e umuntu kaFiliphu Okwesithupha, owayenguyise umshana kaFiliphu Okwesine, futhi Edward Third e 1331 waphoqeleka ukuba bamlethele akhuleka ngoba Gascony - esifundeni isiFulentshi, kubhekwe impahla siqu yamakhosi British.

Ukuqala esigabeni sokuqala empini (1337-1360)

emva kweminyaka 6 zezenzakalo ezichazwe Edward Third wanquma namanje ukulwela sobukhosi kakhokho wakhe, futhi wathumela inselele kuFiliphu Sixth. Ngakho waqala Eminyakeni Eyikhulu neMpi, izizathu kanye imiphumela okuyizinto Sinesithakazelo esikhulu yilabo abatadisha ebandla emlandweni waseYurophu. Ngemva kokumenyezelwa impi, i-British lasungula okuhlaselayo ku Picardy, lapho basekela abantu Flanders and amakhosi asendulo izifunda ningizimu-ntshonalanga yeFrance.

Ngo emva ekuqaleni zinqobe Eminyakeni yokuqala, ibambene ngezihluthu ngempumelelo obuhlukahlukene, kuze ku 1340 kwakungekho impi lezindiza ku Sluis. Ngenxa yalokho ngokunqoba i-English Channel kwaba Ngaphansi kokulawula kwazo, futhi kuze kufike ekupheleni kwempi. Ngakho, ehlobo lika-1346, akukho lutho ukuvimbela amatutu Edward Third ukuwela strait awuthumbe Caen. Kusuka lapho, omkhulu wamabutho aseBrithani kwalandelwa Crécy, lapho ngo-August 26, impi edumile, zigcine ukunqoba, futhi 1347 balithumba edolobheni futhi Calais. Ngo okufanayo nalezi izenzakalo ezazizokushintsha isinyathelo sezempi eScotland. Nokho, ukubikezela inhlanhla baqhubeka ukumamatheka Edward Okwesithathu, owabahlula ibutho umbuso e Battle of Cross Neville, futhi iqedwe ukusongela kwempi nezimpi ezimbili.

Bhubhane zezinhlupho nesokuphela kwalesi ukuthula e Bretigny

Eminyakeni 1346-1351 yeYurophu wavakashela "Black Death." Lokhu ubhubhane bhubhane kwabulala eziningi kangaka, kungaba khona umbuzo ukuqhubeka impi. Okwavelela kuphela kwalesi sikhathi, ballads sung, baba iziqubu amathathu, lapho English Knights French nge Squires okuhleliwe duel mass, sibhekwa abalimi abangamakhulu amaningana. Ngemva kokuphela isifo England uqalisiwe imisebenzi yawo yezempi, okuyinto ngokuyinhloko aqondiswe Black Prince - eyizibulo Edward III. Ngo 1356, wayinqoba impi yasePoitiers bawuthumba French King uJohn II. Kamuva, ngo-1360, i-Dauphin yeFrance, owayezoba inkosi Charles Omkhulu Wesihlanu, wasayina Ukuthula okuthiwa Bretigny at kwezimo ezingezinhle kakhulu.

Ngakho, imiphumela Eminyakeni Eyikhulu neMpi e isigaba saso sokuqala zazimi kanje:

• EFrance demoralized ngokuphelele;
• England atholwe kwesigamu Brittany, Aquitaine, Poitiers, Calais, futhi cishe ingxenye yawo ise kwelifa ngaphansi kwesizwe lesitha, okungukuthi, UJohn II balahlekelwa amandla abantu abangaphezu kwengxenye yesithathu insimu yalo;
• Eduard lwesithathu uhlaziyo egameni lalo kanye egameni inzalo yabo ayisekho walala isimangalo esihlalweni sobukhosi kumkhulu wakhe;
• indodana yesibili kaJohane II - Lyudovik Anzhuysky - wathunyelwa London njengoba kalowo eyayikhokhelwa ukubuya France kayise.

Ukuthula phakathi kweminyaka 1360 kuya 1369

Ngemva ukumisa impi, nezizwe zala mazwe abathintekayo kulokhu kubulalana, ngikutholile ikhefu eyathatha iminyaka 9. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, ebalekela England Lyudovik Anzhuysky, noyise, ngokuba knight, uyaligcina izwi lakhe, laya ekuthunjweni yokuzithandela, nalapho afike ashonela khona. Ngemva kokufa kwakhe, wanyukela esihlalweni sobukhosi France, uCharles V, okwathi ngo 1369 bamangalela ngamanga British yokwephula isivumelwano sokuthula futhi wavuselela ezempi ngokumelene nawo.

umlenze wesibili

Ngokuvamile, labo ukufunda inqubekelaphambili kanye imiphumela iMpi Yeminyaka Engamashumi Angamakhulu ', libhekene nesikhathi sokuphumula ephakathi kwengu-1369 futhi 1396, njengoba uchungechunge izimpi njalo, okuyinto ngaphezu abahlanganyeli main Kwakuhilela eMbusweni Castile, Portugal neScotland. Phakathi nale nkathi, kwakunoFakazi imicimbi elandelayo abalulekile:

• e 1370 e Castile ngosizo French athatha izintambo, u-Enrique II, owaba ally yabo yokwethembeka;
• ngemva kweminyaka emibili, wadedelwa ngo yasePoitiers;
• e 1372 Battle of La Rochelle, imikhumbi Franco-Castilia wahlasela isigaba elihlangene British;
• iminyaka 4 wafa Black Prince;
• e 1377 Edward wafa owesithathu, phezu kwesihlalo sobukhosi England, Richard yesibili ezincane;
• kusukela 1392 eKing waseFrance izimpawu madness waqala ukudla, ukuze babonwe;
• Ngemva kweminyaka emine i ukuxolelana kuphothuliwe okubangelwa ngesikhathi izimbangi frazzled.

Kuthula (1396-1415)

Lapho nobuhlanya iNkosi uCharles Sesithupha kwaba sobala kubo bonke kuleli zwe kwaqala internecine ukuxabana, lapho iqembu iwine Armagnac. Isimo engangibhekene naso kungekho kangcono eNgilandi, wangena impi entsha ne-Scotland, lapho bekumele uyayidambisa abavukeli ngokuthi Ireland nase-Wales. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona wagudluzwa Richard II, uHenry IV wabusa phezu kwesihlalo sobukhosi, bese indodana yakhe. Ngakho, kuze kube-1415, womabili la mazwe asikwazi ukuqhubeka nempi abekade isimo kuthula ahlomile.

Isigaba sesithathu (1415-1428)

Labo abahlola Yiqiniso nemiphumela ye Eminyakeni Eyikhulu neMpi, ngokuvamile kwenzeka ezithakazelisayo kakhulu ngokuthi ukuvela into zomlando njengezithi owesifazane iqhawe owayenganikela laba yinhloko ibutho Knights amakhosi asendulo. Sikhuluma Joan of Arc, owazalelwa e-1412, kwi ukwakheka ubuntu is futhi wathonywa kakhulu nangabanye intuthuko eminyakeni 1415-1428. isayensi ezomlando uyazicabangela lesi sikhathi, esigabeni wesithathu Eminyakeni Eyikhulu neMpi, futhi njengoba avelele ukhiye imicimbi elandelayo:

• Battle of Agincourt ngo-1415, okuyinto wathandwa uHenry Omkhulu Wesihlanu;
• ukusayina yesivumelwano e Troyes, owawuthi uyahlanya Korol Karl VI wamemezela ukuba angene esikhundleni sakhe enkosini yaseNgilandi;
• bamba British eParis ngo 1421;
• kokufa kukaHenry Omkhulu Wesihlanu, futhi isimemezelo indodana yayo eneminyaka engu-ubudala senkosi yase-England nase-France;
• wahlulwa wangaphambili Dauphin Charles, okwathunywa Ingcenye eqakathekileko yomsebenzi wehlelo French kubhekwe inkosi efanele uJehowashi, empini ye cravant;
• IsiZulu ukuvinjezelwa Orleans, eyaqala ngo-1428, ngesikhathi izwe lokuqala wezwa igama Joan of Arc.

Ukuphela impi (1428-1453)

Idolobha Orleans kwadingeka kubaluleke kakhulu amasu. Uma British ephethwe walithumba, impendulo yombuzo othi "yini imiphumela iMpi Yeminyaka Engamashumi Angamakhulu '" kwakuyoba ezahlukene kakhulu, futhi French lingasilahlekela uzibuse. Ngenhlanhla yezwe, bekubonakala lwembula intombazane, ukushaya ngokwayo uJeanne Virgin. Weza le Dauphin Charles ngoMashi 1429, wamemezela ukuthi uJehova ebayalile wakhe ukuma ikhanda kwezinhloko zamaviyo isiFulentshi, futhi bahoxa Sase-Orleans esihle. Ngemva uchungechunge izingxoxo kanye nezivivinyo Karl babekholelwa zakhe ezimisiwe induna namabutho ayo. Ngenxa yalokho, ngo-May 8 Orleans ophulwa, Juni 18, ibutho wanqoba ibutho Joan amaNgisi Battle of Pathé, futhi Juni 29 ngesikhathi ekufuna sentombi Sase-Orleans esihle waqala "umkhankaso ngaphandle kwegazi" Dauphin ukuze waseReims. Lapho, kokubekwa njengeNkosi Charles Seventh, kodwa ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho wayeka ukulalela iseluleko iqhawe.

Ngemva kweminyaka eminingana, uJeanne lathunjwa Burgundians, owadlula intombazane isiNgisi, futhi labo wakhe wabulawa ngamacala baqede nokukhonza izithombe namatherafi. Nokho, imiphumela iMpi Yeminyaka Engamashumi Angamakhulu 'ubelokhu kuzenzakalele, ngisho ukufa eyintombi Orleans ayikwazanga ukuvimbela yokukhululwa France. impi Kugcine kule impi impi ye Castillon ngo 1453, lapho i-British elahlekile Gascony ungowabo iminyaka engaphezu kuka-250.

Imiphumela iMpi Yeminyaka Engamashumi Angamakhulu '(1337-1453)

Ngenxa yalokho we okwathatha isikhathi eside kangako ahlomile ukungqubuzana mezhdinasticheskogo England elahlekile zonke izindawo zalo yezwekazi eFrance, kusale kuphela ethekwini Calais. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ephendula umbuzo ngalokho umphumela iMpi Yeminyaka Engamashumi Angamakhulu ', emkhakheni lempi umlando ochwepheshe ukuphendula ukuthi yi yayo, yasishintsha izindlela zempi, kanye izikhali ezintsha zadalwa.

Imiphumela iMpi Yeminyaka Engamashumi Angamakhulu '

Echoes of the zinqobe kunqunywa ubuhlobo iBrithani neFrance ekhulwini phambili. Ikakhulukazi, kuze 1801-British kanye nema-ke ababusi baleli zwe bakhipha Enkulu YaseBrithani wazala isihloko amakhosi France, okuyinto neze nomthelela ekusungulweni kobungane nobudlelwane.

Manje uyazi lapho kwaba Eminyakeni Eyikhulu neMpi, izizathu, Yiqiniso, futhi umphumela izisusa protagonists kabani cishe 6 eminyaka ayisihloko mlando eziningi.