Derbent inqaba umlando ulwandle (isithombe)

Derbent lingumuzi kakhulu zasendulo Russian Federation. Itholakala e Dagestan, ku yoLwandle iCaspian. Akwaziwa ngokuthé ngqo usuku leli dolobha elasungulwa ngawo, kodwa izazi-mlando zikholelwa ukuthi unyaka wakhe - okungenani iminyaka engu-5000. Ukukhangana main komnikazi kuyinto enqabeni Derbent. Izithombe ethulwa kule ncwadi, ukukuvumela ukubona ubuhle kanye nobuhle yasendulo izinqaba.

Injongo yecebo eziyinkimbinkimbi

Fortress eduze Derbent Yakhiwa ukuvikela abantu abahlala eMpumalanga Eseduze ne eCaucasus, kusukela Ukuhlasela emibi abayimizulane enyakatho. Kuyinto eziyinkimbinkimbi omkhulu ukuzivikela, eyakhiwa edolobheni, ulwandle, izindonga entabeni futhi Naryn- Kala (lenqaba). Izakhiwo zasendulo ezakhiwa ngesikhathi kubusa Sassanid lwamakhosi. Ngamandla yayo awayona wawungaphansi iGreat Wall yaseChina.

Kulo muzi kwakunamaJuda hhayi isikhundla elihle kunawo zamasu kanye kwaba sengozini kusukela eCaucasus izintaba nolwandle, ngakho abantu bendawo wayegxila oluqinisayo yayo. Izindonga ezinkulu komasipala kuzo zonke izinhlangothi, steel isivikelo kubahlaseli ezizungezile.

Theory ezikhangayo umsuka

Izazimlando ziye ayiphethwe ukuthola eyakha inqaba Derbent. Luningi legends ngakho. Omunye legends uthi abasunguli sabo enkabeni yedolobha bakhangisa inqaba babe ukuphefumula umlilo imidondoshiya abahlala ezweni phambi kwabantu.

Kunenye nguqulo ye ukubukeka Derbent inqaba futhi nxazonke. Ngokusho kwakhe, lo umsunguli waleli dolobha lasendulo wabo kwakungu-Aleksandr Makedonsky. Umlawuli omkhulu wayala ukuba kwakhiwe phakathi kwezintaba nolwandle izindonga ungenakunqotshwa isipikili imibhoshongo yalo futhi uhlele kuso emasangweni ensimbi bangaphandle akakwazi ukungena lapha. Izazi-mlando eziningi izinguqulo eyinkimbinkimbi eziningi zezinqaba kubhekwa inganeko, njengoba Aleksandr Makedonsky yayingakaze ukuchaza izwe. Kodwa iqiniso ukuthi ukhona izinguqulo ezihlukene ukubukeka eziyinkimbinkimbi ukuzivikela kufakazela ukuthi kubalulekile empilweni we southerners.

Naryn-Kala

Uma ucabangela izithombe Derbent inqaba, umuntu angabona ukuthi maphakathi izakhiwo ukuzivikela kuyinto enkulu lenqaba Naryn-Kala. Ziyakwazi zonke izingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi izindonga zawo zamatshe engcono kwalondolozwa, onikeza izivakashi ithuba zibabaza lesi simanga, kuse izakhiwo zasendulo yonke inkazimulo yayo. Naryn- Kala udlulisela kanye idolobha 700 m. The ukujiya kwezingange zawo ngezinye izikhathi 3.5 m, futhi ukuphakama 20 m. Citadel imele phezulu imitha-300 amagquma emaweni. emithambekeni emaweni ngokuphepha awuvikele isitha ukuhlasela kwebutho elivela empumalanga nasenyakatho. Ingxenye eseningizimu izinqaba ifakwe izinyathelo, futhi izindonga zawo ezibanzi elise site, namuhla ezisetshenziswa yizivakashi ukuhlola panorama sabo enkabeni yedolobha bakhangisa yoLwandle iCaspian.

Derbentskaya inqaba Naryn- Kala kulesakhiwo irregularly okwenyanga indawo 4.5 ha. Izindonga zayo ehlotshiswe emikhulu eminingi ezinde, elise at ibanga 25-35 m kusuka komunye nomunye. Echosheni eliseningizimu-ntshonalanga imele umbhoshongo omkhulu kuxhumene enqabeni nge odongeni edolobheni.

ukwakhiwa yasekhaya

Ngaphakathi enqabeni, ungabona lasendulo khan zokugeza nge amawindi uphahla izakhiwo kweziningi ezisekhona kuze kube sesikhathini sethu (zingabantu lingamanxiwa). Enye yalezi izakhiwo bekulokhu isonto cross-oluyingungu e V, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi iguqulwe ibe ezikhungweni zenkolo Muslim. Futhi, enqabeni iyona endala Russia Juma mosque elalikuyo, yasungulwa ngekhulu VIII. Endulo kwakukhona esigodlweni Khan, kodwa namuhla endaweni yaqhubeka amanxiwa kuphela, okuyinto okunzima ukuba yahlulele ubuhle lesi sakhiwo.

Ikakhulukazi Kuyaphawuleka ezimbili samanzi itshe ngokufanele ngaphakathi enqabeni. Zazakhiwe e amakhosi WaseByzantium XI leminyaka. I izitsha zafakwa esiningi amanzi, okwenza ukuba le nqaba ukumelana isikhathi eside abahlaseli sebethule edolobheni. Lolu ketshezi ingena ethangini avela emithonjeni engu-at ekhethekile Ceramic futhi amapayipi metal. Ngenxa somphakathi womuzi wanikezwa amanzi ngisho nasezikhathini ezinzima kakhulu futhi sehlulwe isitha. Kodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi i-inqaba ungenakunqotshwa ka Derbent. Umlando liqukethe ulwazi ukuthi isitha wakwazi umuzi, ushevu iziphethu beshiya abazivikelayo manzi.

Citadel alenzanga nje ukuzivikela, kodwa futhi sokuqondisa komuzi. It kwaku Chancery, ekwahluleleni nasekhonweni ejele komhlaba (isiboshwa), okuthi kuzo siboshwa kwakungenakwenzeka. Izindonga zawo ahlelwe engela, futhi owonile, kanye ekuthunjweni, baphoqwa ukuba yindlala. Ijele itholakala emva amanxiwa esigodlo le Khan.

Abathandi endulo ukujabulela ngokuvakashela Museum ovulekile lenqaba. Kuyo embukisweni izinto zasekhaya, zobumba, ngamathuluzi, amagugu, izikhali, zemali nokunye. D. yobudala abanye rarities zeminyaka eziningana.

Endaweni emaphakathi obusa guardhouse, elakhiwa ngo-1828 (ngemuva Dagestan baba ingxenye yeRussia). Lokhu imidwebo isakhiwo namhlanje, okuyinto uchazwa Derbent. guardhouse ngaphandle lihlotshiswe amahange futhi kwaqhuma izikhathi tsarist.

Ezinye izingxenye izakhiwo ukuzivikela

Derbent inqaba, okuyinto abafuna ukuletha isithombe Dagestan zonke izivakashi bakhangwa hhayi kuphela enqabeni, kodwa izindonga zayo. Ubude zabo ezithokomele emzini kuyinto 3.6 km. Ukusuka enyakatho uye eningizimu izindonga ezakhiwa parallel nomunye. Ibanga phakathi kwazo kuhluka 300 kuya 400 metres. Dag Amabha (entabeni udonga) wayelulele ngu-40 km ohlangothini yokhalo Caucasian. Ngeshwa, akakwazanga bahlale ifomu yayo yasekuqaleni: ezindaweni eziningi, isakhiwo sibhidlika. Sea odongeni asibekela esangweni lomuzi ngu yoLwandle iCaspian. Yena shí amanzi awo luqhubeke kwahanjiswa ikhilomitha. Njengoba Doug nemishayo, ulwandle odongeni walondoloza yizicucu.

esangweni

Ngaphakathi kwezindonga kohlelo inqaba ukuzivikela kwaba encane, kodwa isango enamandla kakhulu, lapho endulo kwakunokwenzeka ukuze uthole Derbent. Abenzi kuphela bavikela edolobheni, kodwa ingabe umhlobiso. Isango ivulekile izivakashi njengabangane futhi abathengisi. Okufakwayo yayiseKhesariya ezingxenyeni ezahlukene inqaba. Basuke namanje walondoloza izakhi we-decor ocebile, okuyinto ukwazi wahlulele kangakanani amahle ababekuso ezikhathini zasendulo. Umnyango, ngifuna kuze kube sohlangothini lwesokhohlo, lapho Derbent singafika abayimizulane nobutha wabheka omkhulu futhi zesabise. Ngokungafani emnyango wabo oseningizimu kuwo umuzi kwaba nenhle futhi onesizotha. Namuhla kunzima ukusungula inani eliqondile amasango, njengoba akuzona zonke kuzo eyasinda.

Amagama izinto ngezilimi ezahlukene

Derbent inqaba has njalo abahambi umxhwele nge usayizi alula nangomfutho. Abezinye Izizwe walinika amagama ehlukene, kodwa cishe bonke of them ohanjelwa elithi "esangweni". Lokhu akusona isimanga, ngoba ezindongeni inqaba babe inqwaba iminyango eqinile lapho angena nesitha Derbent kwakungenakwenzeka. AmaGreki asendulo ngokuthi izinqaba iCaspian Gates, ama-Arabhu - Bab al-Abva (enkulu), Georgians - Dzgvis Kari (olwandle), futhi izakhamuzi Turkish - Temir Kapysy (Iron).

Umbono odongeni olulodwa ukuzivikela

Bonke labo abanentshisekelo emlandweni Derbent futhi Derbent inqaba, kuyoba mnandi ukuba ufunde mayelana izazi obonakaliswe ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka eledlule, imfundiso yokuziphendukela owawuthi endulo babukhona nakwa-Eurasia okuqhubekayo izinqaba umugqa sokuhlukanisa yezwekazi ezimbili. Ngasenyakatho yalo owakhiwe ngezizwe ayimizulane eningizimu - abalimi. abantu Ukungawuvivinyi umzimba abaphethwe ekuhlaseleni abantu abayimizulane kanye ukuba bavikele izwe labo yamisa odongeni ukuzivikela. Izazimlando ziye esikuyi zonke izinqaba ezazikhona ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene kuleli zwekazi Eurasia, futhi bamangala. Abkhaz, zaseCaucasia, YaseCrimea, Derbent, Balkan Wall, le okuvimbezela Roman, i-Great Wall nezinye izakhiwo muzi wasendulo, eziningi zazo eziye hhayi ezisekhona kuze kube namuhla, esikhathini eside esidlule kwakhiwa i chain ziqotho. Futhi nakuba imfundiso yokuziphendukela uzwakalise ayibonwa yi isayensi zomlando olusemthethweni, kwenza icabangisise esidlule lesintu.