Iqembu Turkic lwezilimi: izizwe

Umlando olusemthethweni uthi kwavela ulimi Turkish e yokuqala yeminyaka BC, lapho izizwe okokuqala ukuthi singabakaNkulunkulu leli qembu. Kodwa, njengoba kuboniswe ucwaningo lwamuva, wabonakala ulimi ngisemncane kakhulu. Kukhona ngisho umbono ulimi Turkish imukile ulimi lasendulo akhulunywa bonke abakhileyo Eurasia, njengoba kule nganekwane ukwakha uMbhoshongo WaseBhabhele. Lo mkhuba eyinhloko ulimi Turkic - it ayikashintshi iminyaka ayizinkulungwane ezinhlanu ukhona. Imibhalo nesi lasendulo zisekhona Kazakhs njengoba ecacile, like izincwadi yesimanje.

ukusabalala

Turkic iqembu ulimi likhulu kakhulu. Uma ubheka ngokwendawo, abantu, ukuxhumana ngezilimi efanayo, ngakho bahlala entshonalanga waseTurkey iqala empumalanga - Xinjiang Autonomous District China sika, enyakatho - East laseSiberia Sea neningizimu - Khorasan.

Okwamanje, inani elilinganisiwe nabantu abakhuluma Turkic - 164 million, lesi sibalo cishe elilingana kuso sonke isibalo sabantu yeRussia. Kuleli qophelo kunemibono ehlukene mayelana iqembu kanjani oluthathwa izilimi Turkic. Hlobo luni izilimi ivelele kuleli qembu, ukuwucabangela ngokwengeziwe. Ukhiye: Turkish, Azeri, Kazakh, Zulu, Turkmen, Uzbek, Karakalpak, Uygur, Tartar, Bashkir, Isi-Chuvash, Balkar, Karachai, Kumyk, Noghai, Tuvinian, Khakassky, Sakha et al.

I lasendulo abantu abakhuluma Turkic-

Siyazi ukuthi is kabanzi kakhulu zasakazekela kulo lonke i-Eurasia yayigcwele Turkic iqembu izilimi. Abantu abakhuluma ngakho endulo ngokuthi umane - abaseTurkey. Umsebenzi wabo main kwaba Izinkomo zizalela kanye nezolimo. Kodwa musa ukuthatha zonke izizwe zanamuhla yeqembu ulimi Turkic njengoba inzalo uhlanga lasendulo. Ngemva ezinkulungwaneni zeminyaka ngegazi labo exovwe igazi nezinye kwamaqembu ezinhlanga e-Eurasia, futhi manje impande abaseTurkey engekho.

Ukuze izizwe leli qembu lasendulo zihlanganisa:

• Turcuts - izizwe ngubani esezinzile Altai sezintaba 5th ekhulwini BC;
• Pechenegs - sekukhona ekupheleni kwekhulu IX kanye owakhiwe endaweni ephakathi Kievan Rus, Wenger, u-Alan Mordovia;
• Polovtsian - ukubukeka kwakhe waxosha Pechenegs babeyithanda kakhulu inkululeko abathanda nabanolaka;
• Hun - kwavela II-IV eminyaka futhi wakwazi ukwakha isimo omkhulu kusukela iVolga ukuba Rhine, okuvela kulo waya Avars futhi abantu baseHungary;
• BaseBulgaria - kulezi zizwe lasendulo wathatha izizwe ezifana Isi-Chuvash, AmaTatar, baseBulgaria, Karachai, Balkars.
• Khazars - izizwe ezinkulu, wakwazi ukwakha isimo sabo siqu futhi wokukhipha Hun;
• -Turks Oguz - okhokho Turkmens, Azerbaijanis abahlala Selcuk;
• Karluk - wahlala Central Asia ekhulwini VIII-XV.

ngezigaba

iqembu Turkic izilimi kuyinto ngezigaba eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Kunalokho, wonke mlando inikeza inguqulo ayo, okuzokwenza ukwehluka kwezinye izinguquko ezincane. Sikunikeza inketho ethandwa kakhulu:

1. Bulgar iqembu. Ummeleli kuphela ekhona njengamanje - Ulimi Isi-Chuvash.
2. Yakut iqembu - lena mpumalanga kakhulu abantu leqembu ulimi Turkic. Izakhamuzi usho yakut futhi Dolgan zezigodi.
3. South laseSiberia - kuleli qembu ethulwa izilimi lezizwe, ophilayo ikakhulukazi imingcele Russian Federation eningizimu eSiberia.
4. South East, noma Karluk. Izibonelo - Uzbek futhi Uighur izilimi.
5. Northwestern, noma Kipchak iqembu - emelelwa bezizwe eziningi, abaningi babo bahlala eyakhe insimu yabo ezimele, ezifana AmaTatar, Kazakhs, Zulu.
6. Southwest, noma Oguz. Izilimi kufakwe iqembu - Turkmen, Turkish salarsky.

Ngokulandelayo, cabanga ngalokho izizwe iqembu ulimi Turkic bahlala endaweni Russian Federation.

Yakuts

On endaweni yayo abantu bendawo esizibiza ngokuthi umane - Sakha. Yingakho igama lalowo esifundeni - Republic of Sakha. Abanye abameleli futhi sazinza nezinye izindawo ezingomakhelwane. Yakuts - lena mpumalanga kakhulu abantu leqembu ulimi Turkic. Isiko kanye namasiko kuthiwa lathathwa izizwe zasendulo abahlala emaqeleni ephakathi ye-Asia.

Khakassia

Ukuze wenze lokhu, abantu abelethwe esifundeni - Republic of Khakassia. Nangu akuxhomekile enkulu Khakassia - abantu abangaba yizinkulungwane ezingu-52. ayizinkulungwane eziningana ziye bashukumiseleka ukuba baphile esikhathini Tula futhi Krasnoyarsk Krai.

Shor

Inombolo enkulu yalesi sizwe safinyelela eminyakeni engamakhulu XVII-XVIII. Manje kuba neqembu elincane yobuhlanga, engatholwa kuphela eningizimu ye eKemerovo esifundeni. Namhlanje, isibalo lincane kakhulu, abantu abangaba yizinkulungwane ezingu-10.

Tuva

Tuvan zihlukaniswe amaqembu amathathu, zehlukene lwesigodi kwezinye izici. Abahlala zaseTuva (Tyva). Kuyinto esempumalanga izizwe ezimbalwa iqembu ulimi Turkic ohlala emngceleni ne China.

Tofalars

Lesi sizwe licishe wanyamalala. Ngokusho ukubalwa kwabantu 2010, amadolobha amaningi amancane we esifundeni sase-Irkutsk wakwazi ukuthola abantu 762.

eSiberia amaTatar

lwesigodi zaseMpumalanga lwesiTatar - ngolimi kubhekwa ukuba kazwelonke amaTatar laseSiberia. Lokhu kubuye iqembu Turkic izilimi. Abantu leli qembu is ezinabantu ixazululwe yi-Russia. Bona kungatholakala ezindaweni zasemakhaya nguMasipala Tyumen, Omsk, Novosibirsk nabanye.

Dolgan

Iqembu elincane abahlala ezindaweni ezisenyakatho Nenets Autonomous District. Baze babe wesifunda kamasipala - Taimyr Dolgan-Nenets. Kuze kube manje, abameleli Dolgan 7500 kuphela abantu kwesokunxele.

Altai

iqembu Turkic izilimi kuhlanganisa isichazamazwi sabantu we-Altai Republic. Manje kule ndawo kungenziwa abajwayelene ngokukhululekile nesiko namasiko abantu basendulo.

Independent uthi ukukhuluma Turkic-

Namuhla, kunamabandla ayisithupha uthi ahlukene ezimele, ogama isizwe yomdabu labantu Turkic. Lokhu ngokuyinhloko Kazakhstan futhi Kyrgyzstan. Yiqiniso, Turkey kanye Turkmenistan. Futhi ungakhohlwa mayelana Uzbekistan ne-Azerbaijan, okuyinto ziyefana eqenjini Turkic izilimi.

esifundeni yabo ezizimele kukhona Uighurs. Itholakala China wabiza Xinjiang. Lokhu ensimini futhi iyikhaya bezinye izizwe ezihlobene abaseTurkey.

Zulu

iqembu Turkic izilimi ikakhulukazi kuhlanganisa Kyrgyzstan. Ngempela, Kyrgyz noma Zulu - lena abameleli abaseTurkey ophilayo ensimini ka-Eurasia yayigcwele kakhulu lasendulo. Lapho kukhulunywa ngaye okokuqala lo Kirghiz ezitholakala 1 ayizinkulungwane. BC. e. Cishe wonke umlando waso isizwe sasiba eyakhe insimu yayo yobukhosi bakhe, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ukulondoloza ungubani sabo namasiko. AmaKirghiz ngisho nomqondo wokubaluleka "Ashar" okusho ukusebenzisana, ukubambisana kanye nobumbano.

Sekuyisikhathi eside asemaqeleni Kirghiz wahlala ezindaweni ezigqagqene. Yayingeke kodwa kuthinta ubunjalo ezinye izici. Laba bantu banomoya wokwamukela izihambi kakhulu. Uma kusetshenziswe ukukhokhela umuntu omusha efika, wangitshela izindaba kwakungedlule muntu ukuzwa ngaphambili. Ngalesi isivakashi ukhishwa okungcono awukudla. Engcwele zifundwa ukubuyekezwa kanye isinqumo kuze kube manje.

Kazakhs

Turkic iqembu ulimi lalingekho ngaphandle Kazakhs. Lona eziningi kakhulu kubantu Turkic ophilayo hhayi kuphela ezweni elifanayo, kodwa futhi emhlabeni wonke.

Kazakhs Folkways zibukhali kakhulu. Izingane nge ebuntwaneni wakhulela imithetho eqinile, bafundiswa ukuba uzoba qotho futhi bekhuthele. Ukuze Umqondo lo saka "wehhashi" - ukuziqhenya kwabantu, indoda, ukuze ngazo zonke izindlela ukuvikela ilungelo tribesman ayekanye nawo noma siqu sakhe.

Ezishaya unkulunkulukazi u-Kazakhs namanje kukhona ocacile phakathi "amhlophe" futhi "black". Kuleli zwe lanamuhla liye eside ke elahlekile nencazelo yalo, kodwa izinsalela imiqondo ezindala namanje walondoloza. Isici yanoma iluphi Kazakh ukuthi kungaba kokubili ezifanayo futhi aseYurophu, futhi isi-Chinese.

-Turks

iqembu Turkic izilimi kuhlanganisa Turkish. Ngokomlando, Turkey ubelokhu lisebenzisane Russia. Futhi njalo, lezi ubudlelwane bebelokhu elinokuthula. ZaseByzantium nakamuva uMbuso WaseTurkey, zaba khona ngesikhathi esifanayo ne Kievan Rus. Ngisho nangaleso sikhathi, baba zezimpi lokuqala phezu ilungelo lokubusa oLwandle Olumnyama. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izingxabano kwaqina, ezithinta kakhulu ubudlelwane Russian futhi Turkish.

-Turks kukhona eyinqaba kakhulu. Okokuqala, kungabonwa ku ezinye izici zazo. Ziyakwazi sithunywa nesineke nesingakhangi kakhulu ekuphileni. Ukuziphatha abamele sesizwe abaqaphe kakhulu. Ngisho noma wena uthukuthele, abakaze basho kahle kwabo. Kodwa manje bese ungakwazi harbor ukuthukuthela revenge. Ezimweni ezibucayi, abaseTurkey zicashe kakhulu. Abakwazi smile ebusweni, kanye ngemuva usongo ukuze kuzuze bona.

I-Turks beyimabhombo kakhulu ngenkolo yabo. umthetho Sinzima Muslim kudinga ukuthi isinyathelo ngasinye sokugcwaliseka empilweni Turk. Ngokwesibonelo, uyakumbulala nomuntu ongakholwa futhi hhayi ukuze bajeziswe. Nge lesi sici has esinye isici - isimo sengqondo esinenzondo asifuni maqondana non-amaSulumane.

isiphetho

abakhuluma Turkic abantu - kwekulu isizwe emhlabeni. Inzalo abaseTurkey lasendulo sahlala zonke amazwekazi, kodwa ingxenye enkulu yokuphila kwabo ensimini yalolo hlanga - ku-Altai Izintaba ku iningizimu yeSiberia. Abantu abaningi ukulondoloza ubuntu babo phakathi kwemingcele ezungeze imibuso namazwe ezimele.