Monitoring inhlabathi ukusilaphazeka. Izinhlobo zenhlabathi ukungcoliswa

Okwamanje, ukunakekelwa kakhulu ikhokhelwa ukuvikelwa kwemvelo. Isintu ngezinye izikhathi budedengu kodwa ngesihluku anqume ukusizakala iplanethi yabo ngaphandle kokuqaphela yini imiphumela yokungaphenduki ekuxhumaneni olunje. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, komoya, umhlabathi namanzi kwezinye izindawo Zomhlaba ifinyelela ukubaluleka esibucayi. On yiziphi izindlela ukuze abone degree of yabantu nokuwohloka kwemvelo, kanye umthelela izinyathelo ezihlose ukulungiswa esimeme nalefanele ngaleso simo, futhi kuzoxoxwa ngakho kulezi zinto.

izincazelo eyisisekelo

ukungcola ecosystem ingenye okukhethwa kukho nokucekelwa yayo. Kule ndaba, kukhona kubhujiswa lesi emashumini esungulwe ngamaketanga ukudla ubudlelwano, kanye ukunyamalala kwezinhlobo eziningi yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene. Ekhuluma ewukuhlakanipha okwenziwe ezingcolisayo, zibuye zezakhi ezihlukahlukene imvelaphi yabantu. Basuke izimpawu lemali adedelwa imvelo, ngokuyinhloko kokweqa amazinga eliphelele elivumelekile, lapho imvelo awukwazi kabusha umonakalo omkhulu uqobo nabakhileyo kuwo.

inhlabathi ukungcoliswa

Lona uhlobo olukhethekile yabantu nokuwohloka kwemvelo. Isici esiyinhloko okunomthelela enjalo omubi kwezemvelo uhlolwa maqondana ezingeni ingemuva endaweni ethile. Ngenxa yalokho, i-ukuqapha gqwa inhlabathi ukungcoliswa olwenziwa ukuhlonza iphesenti amakhemikhali ayingozi kanye compounds.

izici ezibalulekile

Enye indlela ebalulekile kakhulu, okuyinto libhekene kokuhlaziywa degree of inhlabathi ukungcola, angabhekwa ibonakalisa zonke izinhlobo izimpawu umthelela ongemuhle izinto eziyingozi kuzinhlobo ngabanye yezinto eziphilayo. Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi ngamunye flora omele nezilwane has a isilinganiso ezahlukene ezifweni, noma ukuzabalazela umthelela lokho okubizwa ngomlobokazi zamakhemikhali. Ikakhulukazi iyingozi owaziwa yokuthi ezungezile womuntu nezinye izinto eziphilayo kuyisiphazamiso imvelo ngokuvamile ligcwale izinto ezithile eziyingozi. Lesi sakamuva, esikhundleni salokho, kwehlele emithonjeni ehlukahlukene yabantu abasakwazi abalulekile usongo kwemvelo. Kulokhu, imikhawulo engenhla okuqukethwe kwalezi amakhemikhali ziphezulu ukuze angavumeli muntu eziphilayo, kungakhathaliseki embundwini.

Lapho kuziwa ukutheleleka ngegciwane?

Okwamanje, ukuqapha inhlabathi ukungcoliswa ikhomba izigaba ezinkulu eziningana, okwaphumela Ukuwohloka waphawula we lithosphere kule planethi yethu. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi kunzima igobolondo Zomhlaba, esiyihambayo nsuku zonke enze eziningi ukunyakaza kuyinto uhlelo oluthile. Kuthatha isamba esikhulu sezinto eziqhubekayo ahlukahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, begazi, zamakhemikhali ngokomzimba. Nokho, lapho imiphumela emibi abanye izici yabantu, zonke lezi izinqubo abahlukumezekile. Ngakho, ukuhlolwa ngokwezinga inhlabathi ukungcoliswa wabonisa ukuthi isimo lithosphere eMhlabeni incike izimo zemvelo kule bezinhlamvu emoyeni, kanye nemithombo yamanzi isakhiwo. Phela, yilokho lapho umhlabathi uthola inombolo ethize imfucuza yezolimo, ezimbonini nasemizini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqapha ukungcola inhlabathi wembula ukuthi avame njengoba enobungozi izinto, okuyinto ukwethula umnikelo negative, aphume ashone izinsimbi, kanye ezihlukahlukene Umanyolo kwakwakhe (kuhlanganise imithi yokubulala izinambuzane) kanye izakhi ezahlukene enemisebe.

Imithombo main

Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, okuningi ala makhemikhali adedelwa imvelo ngenxa imisebenzi yezomnotho wamabhizinisi ezimbonini, kwezolimo, nomsebenzi abendlu ngamunye. Nokho, kungase kudingeke uqonde ngokunembile indlela, kusukela kuphi futhi kungakanani ongakwenza lezi noma nezinye izinto.

izindlu Ukuhlale

Nsuku zonke ngamunye wethu ngokungazi ukukhiqiza amakhilogremu ambalwa wasendlini. Mhlawumbe lezi zibalo akuzona ezisabekayo ukuze. Futhi uma uthatha inani isikhathi esithile? Ngokwesibonelo, ngesonto, ngenyanga, ngonyaka? Ukuze uthole isikhathi esinjalo olubanzi sikhathi, inani ngenhla echazwe ekhula ukuze esingamathani ambalwa. Akuwona wonke muzi ezinkulu angabhekana ngayo ukuthutheleka doti. Nokho, kufanele sikhumbule ukuthi lesi sigaba kuhlanganisa hhayi kuphela ukwakhiwa kanye ethwala imfucuza, kodwa futhi yasendlini izinto awahlelanga, indle nokunye.

izinkampani ezimbonini

Naphezu elikhulu izindlu kanye nezinsizakalo ohlanganyelwe kuyi ka ukungcoliswa kwemvelo, ukukhiqizwa esikhulu siyaqhubeka uyohlala endaweni yokuqala. Monitoring kwenhlabathi phansi ukungcoliswa ebonisa ukuthi ezimbonini inenani eliphakeme kunawo wonke ka ezinobuthi kanye compounds ukuthi bayakwazi ukunikeza umthelela ngokwanele omubi kwemithombo yemvelo, kanye eminingi engokwemvelo ophilayo.

energetics

Kwakuyoba kubonakale kungavamile, kodwa ukungcoliswa izinhlobo inhlabathi futhi zihlanganisa umushwana ezinjalo. Kuleli zwe lanamuhla, ukuthola ugesi ukushisa futhi uphakathi eziseqhulwini isimo ngasinye. Nokho, izindlela zesintu zokukhiqiza amandla zibekwa esigabeni okuthiwa izimboni Waze wangcola bo. Ngokwesibonelo, e izitshalo amandla ezishisayo, okuyinto akhiqizwa izinzuzo ngenhla echazwe impucuko, amandla omlilo wenziwa namaminerali. Lokhu kuphumela sebuningini imikhiqizo side njenge umule, nesibabule oxides kanye nezinye izinto, kanye kwekhabhoni izinhlayiya unburnt esihle esikhaleni emoyeni planethi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuqapha inhlabathi ukungcoliswa kuthola zonke lezi zakhi enhlabathini.

ezolimo

Lena into elandelayo ohlwini "Izinhlobo zenhlabathi ukusilaphazeka." Phakathi izinto eziyingozi lapho ufaka indawo esebenzisa wemboni yizenzo zabantu ngokuvamile zihlanganisa umquba, imithi yokubulala izinambuzane, kanye nezinye izinto. Yiqiniso, bajwayele zinezinhloso ezinhle, isibonelo, ukuze kuvikeleke flora ezolimo kanye nezilwane ezifweni kanye izinambuzane. Nokho, i-ukuqapha yesimanje yokubulala izinambuzane ukungcoliswa nenhlabathi lembula ukuthi imiphumela emibi izenzakalo ezinjalo namanje kunokuhle. Ngakho-ke, izinqubomgomo lamazwe amaningi athuthukile kazwelonke okuhloswe ngalo ukubhekana nesimo. Ngakho, ukuqapha ukungcola inhlabathi kwezolimo kuyingxenye ebalulekile futhi ebalulekile ekulondolozeni izimo ezikahle kwemvelo.

zokuthutha

Okwamanje, ingxenye enkulu izimoto ifakwe yangaphakathi omlilo izinjini. Kodwa 'abahlinzeki "amaningi compounds ahlukahlukene elimazayo futhi anobuthi ukuba imvelo. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuqapha inhlabathi ukungcoliswa inikeza ulwazi olulandelayo: imigwaqo emikhulu ezindaweni kokuqukethwe anda oxide phambili, i-nitrogen, hydrocarbon kanye nezinye izinto, okuyinto avele ngenxa yangaphakathi omlilo engine. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ngonyaka abanye amathani compounds eziyingozi ikhishwe umoya kuphela amagesi qeda izimoto. Bese imali phezu. Futhi, esindayo ukungcoliswa metal zokuqapha inhlabathi kwenza ukuhlonza esifike ezindaweni eziyingozi kakhulu futhi ukuthatha izinyathelo esiphezulu ekulondolozeni imvelo semvelo.

nobunzima ezengeziwe

Njengoba izimoto axhunyiwe nomunye ezinkulu izinkinga zemvelo. Okungukuthi ngozi emathangini avuzayo, amapayipi nezinye izindlela ukunikezela we feedstock fuel ukuze ukucutshungulwa indawo. Ukufunda ngezinto ezinjalo abathintekayo ukuqapha ukungcola inhlabathi ochithekile ka hydrocarbon. It is ngeso elibukhali ezindaweni besizwe nokucutshungulwa uwoyela kanye nemikhiqizo yayo. Njengoba uma eziphuthumayo kukhona ingozi salinization ka nenhlabathi ingcoliswe izinsimbi ezisindayo neminye imiphumela engemihle kubathinta nomthelela imvelo. Nokho, zonke izinsuku, ngamunye wethu ngokungazi ulimaza imvelo. Lokhu kwenzeka ngayo yonke compounds ezaziwayo, ezifana diesel, uphethiloli, iziketekete uwoyela fuel kanye neminye imikhiqizo etholwe yokucwenga. inhlabathi ukuqapha ukungcola, njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, kuhloswe ekukhombeni izindawo ezibucayi ikakhulukazi kanye nokubuyiselwa izimo zemvelo ezinhle.

Monitoring mercury ukungcoliswa nenhlabathi

Vyshepredstavlennoe ababaluleke kwalo lithosphere Umhlaba ubophekile zokuwuhluza umsebenzi kwezomnotho, izitshalo zamakhemikhali Izigayo umkhakha ayoni futhi non-ayoni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Ukuwohloka inhlabathi (esindayo ukungcoliswa metal) ngenxa eziningi ezinye izizathu. Ukuze labo ngokwesiko phakathi amadivayisi engaphelele wokulinganisa (isib thermometer), izingxenye ezihlukahlukene imfucuza kamasipala. Yiqiniso, amaphesenti athile mercury ingena ikhava inhlabathi ngenxa yezolimo, okungukuthi ukusetshenziswa umquba ahlukahlukene. Nokho, isici ngaphambili okuthiwa, njengabanye izinsimbi ezisindayo, it has isici esibalulekile. It itholakala lokuthi ukuthi othile, amanani elincane compounds zemvelo ziwusizo ngisho ezidingekile ukusebenza evamile eziphilayo. Nokho, lapho kokweqa izindinganiso umkhawulo ka iphesenti, bathi, emzimbeni womuntu ngaphezu izinsimbi ezisindayo kungabangela imiphumela ephawulekayo ezingezinhle. Kusukela excitability oluncane kanye inkumbulo ukungakhuli ziphethe uhlelo sezinzwa, ukusebenza ukwehluleka ezinye izitho zangaphakathi, futhi ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu ngisho ukubulala.

isiphetho

Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, inhlabathi amboze umhlaba oluphakeme eziyinkimbinkimbi kumiswa yemvelo ukuthi has a isethi ezithile izakhiwo izinto esingokwemvelo eziphilayo nezingaphili. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi zonke Izendlalelo lithosphere kwakhiwa ngenxa yesikhathi eside ukuguqulwa izinqubo ezenzeka kanye nokuxhumana ngqo nezinye izakhi igobolondo le planethi. Ezifana hydrosphere, umoya, yebo, umhlaba. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ikhava inhlabathi isakhiwo ezinzile trudnoizmenyaemuyu. Ngenxa ukuthola la maqiniso angenhla kucatshangwa evumela ukuqapha kwenhlabathi nge izinga eliphakeme lokunemba ezingeni ala makhemikhali test trace kanye ukubeka imingcele nokusatshalaliswa zabo zone. Okwamanje, kulinganiselwa ukuthi njalo ngonyaka owodwa kuphela owakhileyo iplanethi yethu ukhiqiza cishe a ton of zonke izinhlobo imfucuza. Lezi zihlanganisa kokubili liquid nezinhlobo eziqinile, futhi ingqikithi amahlanu amakhilogremu unikezwa isabelo izinto recalcitrant. Ngenxa yalokhu isimo izinhlangano izindaba abathintekayo kule ukugcinwa kanye nokunakekelwa izimo ezikahle kwemvelo, ukukhiqiza isamba esikhulu ucwaningo, ezibizwa ngokuthi "Izilawuli." Nazo ngokufanayo, kuyinto observation esihleliwe isimo jikelele, kanye ukuhlukahluka ezihlukahlukene zenhlabathi ihlanganisa endaweni ethile ngaphansi kwethonya izici ezihlukahlukene. Njengoba yokugcina ingasebenza njengezimpawu ezingakusiza ezenziwe umuntu, eyenziwe, mechanical, amakhemikhali, begazi nezinye izinto. Injongo eyinhloko zokuqapha isiba ukuhlanganisa ulwazi, ukuthola futhi ukubikezela izinqubo ezihlukahlukene, okuhlola ukusebenza izinyathelo zithathiwe ukuze kuvikelwe izwe.