Swedish Korol Karl 12: Biography, umlando, izithombe, iminyaka yokuphila kwakhe nokubusa

Omunye mithi impikiswano iningi eScandinavia kwaba IsiSwidi Korol Karl 12. Phakathi nokubusa kwakhe ukunqoba emazweni aseScandinavia Usufike imikhawulo yabo esiphezulu, kodwa, ngenxa kokunqotshwa empini ye, kwaba ukuphela Swedish Empire. Omunye namaqhawe kunazo zonke isizwe noma isiphukuphuku kwaba Carl 12 - Inkosi Swedish? Biography yenkosi kuyosenza bayihlole le ndaba.

ebuntwaneni

Laliyini leli indoda - Swedish Korol Karl 12? Umlando Omfushane le nkosi, njengoba kulindeleke, sihlehlela emuva ukuzalwa umuntu ebekiwe umqhele. Lokho kuyoba iphuzu eziqala of indaba yethu.

Ngakho, esikhathini esizayo Swedish Korol Karl 12, wazalwa ngo-Juni 1682 e-dolobha yase-Stockholm. Uyise wayengumGreki inkosi yaseSweden Carl 11-Palatinate Tsvaybryukkenskoy lwamakhosi, nonina - Ulrika Eleonora, indodakazi yenkosi Denmark 3 Frederik.

12 UKarl wayeneminyaka kuhle kakhulu ukuthi imfundo isikhathi, njengoba kufakazelwa okungenani yokuthi kufanele ukuthi umyeni wakhe namanje ekhuluma izilimi eziningana.

Lokunyuka yesihlalo sobukhosi

Karl 11, ushone ekuseni, ineminyaka engu-41, lapho indodana yakhe wayeneminyaka eyishumi 14 kuphela ubudala. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi Carl 12 - Inkosi Swedish. Yena yagcotshwa ngokushesha ngemva kokufa yomzali ngoMashi 1697.

Naphezu izifiso zikayise angavuthiwe yobudala 12 Karl waphikelela ngokuthi ukuqashelwa yobudala bakhe futhi wahlukana ekuphathweni Regency.

Eyokuqala emkhankasweni wempi

Kusukela eminyakeni wokuqala wokubusa kwakhe, waba nesifiso sokuthandana emikhankasweni ehlukahlukene yezempi Carl 12 - Inkosi Swedish. Biography of lo mbusi cishe ngokuphelele sakhiwa izincazelo yemikhankaso. Ngo isiphithiphithi akuyona indima yokugcina idlalwa ngu maximalism bobusha.

12 UKarl babazi ukuthi wayengasoze abe ngxabano Russia womanyano, Denmark nasePoland, kodwa, nokho, akazange anqikaze ukuqala kula mazwe kule ngxabano. khahlela yakhe yokuqala wathumela ngokumelene Denmark e 1700. Khona-ke kwaqala Elikhulu Northern neMpi.

I nobuqili isinyathelo sezempi kwaba ukuhlaselwa umzala Karl 12, iNkosi Denmark Frederik, sizana nkosi Swedish Fridriha Golshteyn-Gottorp. Ukuthatha naye akuxhomekile elincane lempi, uKarl wazinika 12 kokwehla ezishesha inhloko-dolobha imbangi yayo - emzini Copenhagen. Ukunganqikazi nesivinini isenzo senkosi Swedish waphoqeleka ukuba acele le nkosi Danish zomhlaba, akazange alindele waphuthuma Charles abanje.

Denmark umaluju Eqinisweni okubangelwa ukunganeliseki acute phakathi kubangane bawo - inkosi Polish Agasti 2, futhi owayengumphathi Elector Saxony, kanye Tsar Russian Petru 1, kamuva wethiwa Omkhulu.

Impi emazweni aseBaltic

Ngo-February 1700 amabutho Saxon ovinjezelwe Agasti 2 idolobha Swedish emazweni aseBaltic. Maduze impi bajoyine esiqine ngabameli sokusebenzisana anti-Swedish - 1 Petru.

amabutho Russian wawuvimbezela umuzi Baltic ka Narva futhi Ivangorod, enomnikazi Sweden. Kulesi simo, Carl 12 futhi wabonisa ukuzimisela yayo kanye ukucabanga okusheshayo. Ehola amabutho expeditionary, ngaphambili kugujwa yokunqoba kwabo Denmark, wazithola esesifundazweni aseBaltic. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi amabutho yempi Russian iphansi kwesandla sika-Field Marshal de Croix lingaphezulu kathathu kuka ibutho isiSwidi, uKarl wayengesabi ukunikeza impi ewumnqamula-juqu. Isibindi sakhe kwavuzwa njengoba Sweden anqoba anqoba ngokuphelele. ibutho Russian wahlupheka eside ukulahlekelwa zezinombolo kanye impahla, ikakhulukazi yalahlekelwa yiyo yonke wezikhali yabo.

Control phezu Pribaltikoy Karlom 12 kwabuyiselwa.

Impi ne Poland

Abaphikisi olandelayo Charles 12, okwadingeka asebenzelane, wayeyiNkosi yesikhathi iPoland Elector Saxony ngesikhathi esifanayo ngo-August 2.

Kumele kuthiwe Agasti 2 kungenzeka ukuthembela kuphela Saxon nebutho lakhe. EPoland, wayengumuntu ongamazi, ababemenyelwe sobukhosi. Ngaphandle isimiso sezombusazwe kakhulu e-Commonwealth zazihlanganisa ukungabi khona ngesandla esiqinile ukuphathwa eyodwa, inkululeko enkudlwana yezikhulu, okwakwenza emandleni obukhosi kuyinto buthaka kakhulu. Ingasaphathwa iqiniso ukuthi ePoland kwakukhona ukuphikiswa kuya 2 Agasti ekulungele ukusekela Karl 12. indzima lesembili ke idlalwe magnate Stanislaw Leszczynski.

Swedish Korol Karl 12 e-1702 yahlasela iPoland. Battle of Klishove yena iphahlazeka Agasti 2, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ibutho lakhe anda phansi kunabaphostoli amabutho esitha kabili. AbaseSweden wawathumba wonke wezikhali isitha.

Ngo 1704, abameleli le gentry Polish, ezasekela Charles 12, August 2 futhi wagudluza yinkosi wamemezela UStanislava Leschinskogo. De ukulawula empeleni waba angaphakanyiswa phezu kwendawo yakwa Rzeczpospolita Korol Stanislav wakwazi ukusungula ngokusekelwa le nkosi IsiSwidi in 1706. Kwathi emveni kokuba njalo ekugcineni 12 Carl waphula Agasti 2 baphoqa yokugcina ukuphetha emhlabeni Altranshtedsky, owawuthi yena sazilahla sobukhosi Polish, kodwa sagcina yoKhetho Saxony.

Hike eRussia

Ngakho, ekupheleni 1706 salo lonke womanyano, nimelana Swedish, kuphela Russia wahlala phakathi kwababusi. Kodwa isiphetho nalo lwalubonakala ukuba uphawu. Ibutho Charles niwanqobile Russian ngesikhathi esifanayo Eqonda ngqo nezinye izifundazwe. Manje, lapho uPetru 1 elahlekile obambisene nabo, kuphela isimangaliso kungasindisa umbuso Russian kusukela umaluju Imininingwane.

Nokho, nakuba Swedish Inkosi uCarl 12 kwakuhlezi izindaba Polish, Petru 1 ephethwe ukushaya off uchungechunge wakhe amadolobha Baltic ngisho ukuba atholakala endaweni yakithi-dolobha yakhe entsha - Petersburg. Njengoba ungacabanga, lokhu simo sabangela ukungajabuli nkosi zaseScandinavia. Wanquma ukuba asuse fike bhaklu nesitha, ekuthumbeni eMoscow.

Njengoba ekulweni Poland, ngaphambi ayehlasela Charles 12 wathola umbimbi. Njengoba i-add-wenza Little Russian Hetman Ivan Mazepa futhi Cossack officer, akazange asijabulele lesi komkhawulo inkululeko yawo umbuso tsarist. Lokho kusekela Mazeppa udlale indima ebalulekile e isinqumo ukuthuthela eMoscow Charles ngokusebenzisa Little Russia. Kuze kube muva nje, uPetru 1 babengakholelwa lokhu usole, njengoba ngempela siqotho Cossack hetman, kodwa iqiniso yesivumelwano phakathi kwenkosi isiSwidi Mazepa kuye ngaphezu kwesikhathi esisodwa kubika. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sizana Charles 12, bekumele enze Ottoman Empire, ngaleso sikhathi ilwa namandla Russian.

Ekwindla ka 1708 amabutho Charles 12, langena endaweni umbuso Russian, okuyinto maduze babe Empire Russian. Inkosi Swedish waya Little iRussia ukophula kwakhe kusukela Baltic wathutha Jikelele Lewenhaupt. Ngo-September 1708 naye egqilazwe amasosha Russian ngaphansi Forest, futhi anginaso isikhathi ukuze uxhumane eNgophezukonke yakhe.

Impi yase-Poltava

12 Carl (King of Sweden) kanye Petru 1 elalihlangana 1709 empini Poltava, okuyinto le nkosi zaseScandinavia ovinjezelwe ezinyangeni ezimbalwa. It empeleni impi ewumnqamula-juqu emkhankasweni luyingxenye Russian hhayi kuphela, kodwa lonke besizukulwane seMpi Northern. Kwakuyimpi enzima, futhi silinganisele tilting kwelinye direction bese kwenye indawo. Ekugcineni, sibonga wayeyisazi Petru 1, abaseSweden kwaphulwa ngokuphelele. Balahlekelwa cishe 10,000 wabulala futhi elimele, futhi ezingaphezu kuka-2.5 ayizinkulungwane. Abantu bathunjwa.

12 UKarl yena ulimalile ngokulambisa nabantu abazinikezele, kokushiya ingxenye enkulu yebutho ukuba isiphelo sayo. Ngemva kwalokho, izinsalela ibutho isiSwidi capitulated at Perevolochna. Ngakho, inani leziboshwa abaseSweden kukhuphuke ngo 10-15 izinkulungwane. Man.

impi eyingqopha owawuqondene eRussia, okuyinto kwaba yilowo nalowo etendeni IsiSwidi Inkosi uCarl 12. ifotho yesonto, elakhiwa ngo-inkumbulo lo mcimbi oyindumezulu esizeni impi, ibekwe ngenhla.

Izizathu kokunqotshwa

Kodwa ngasizathu simbe Ngilahlekelwe impi Carl 12 - Inkosi Swedish? Iminyaka wokubusa le nkosi sika zaziphawuleka kunqoba okukhazimulayo, futhi ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu. Ingabe-ke wayeyisazi Petru 1?

Yiqiniso, Russian eNgophezukonke ithalente lempi odlale indima ebalulekile ukunqoba abaseSweden, kodwa kube nezinye izici eziphawulekayo. ibutho Russian kabili, futhi mhlawumbe, okusetshenziswe Swedish. Ivan Mazepa, aid kulindeleke ngoba Carl ayikwazanga ukuqinisekisa iningi Cossacks eceleni le nkosi Swedish. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abaseTurkey babe ekujaheni ukusiza.

A indima ebalulekile kokunqotshwa Charles kwakuwukuthi ushintsho endaweni Russia yanikwa akulula. Ibutho lakhe wahlupheka-non-combat ukulahlekelwa ezinkulu ezihlobene ne kobukhulu mkhankaso. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njalo ezidlikizekile okungajwayelekile abakhwele amahhashi Russian kokuhlaselwa ehlasela nokufihla. Ngakho, ukulahlekelwa ingqikithi ibutho isiSwidi ngesikhathi wawusondela Poltava, zaba cishe ingxenye yesithathu kwezinhloko zamaviyo. Ngemva kwalokho, abaseSweden namanje cishe izinyanga ezintathu ukuvimbezela Poltava. amabutho Russian akuyona kuphela kabili abaseSweden ku inombolo, kodwa kwakukhona kuqhathaniswa fresh, ngokungafani kuya abashaywayo butho lesitha.

Ungakhohlwa ukuthi ngenkathi Karl 12 ngesikhathi impi, futhi kwaba kakade ojenene ezidumile, kodwa, nokho, eneminyaka engu-27 kuphela ubudala, futhi intsha - umngane kaningi amaphutha ebulalayo.

Wayehlezi Bendery

Zonke ukuphila kwami konke 12 Charles kwaba nohide ukunqotshwa kanye nezimo ezidumazayo. Poltava impi yaba uhlobo Rubicon phakathi neminyaka enkazimulweni nokululazeka. Ngemva kokunqotshwa elenziwa Carl Petru 1 12 wayesebalekela ifa namadlelandawonye - kombusi Turkish. nkosi Swedish wayeka emzini Bendery, ukuthi ensimini ka Transnistria wesimanje.

Ukulahlekelwa yonke impi, iNkosi Sweden waphoqeleka ukuba balwe zezombusazwe Russian. Wamvusa kombusi Turkish ukuya empini nge embusweni Russian. Ngo-1711, imizamo yakhe ekugcineni ophawulekayo. Phakathi eRussia kanye uMbuso WaseTurkey waqala enye impi. Imiphumela ledvumatako ngoba uPetru naye 1: yacishe elathunjwa futhi walahlekelwa ezinye izinto zabo. Kodwa uCarl 12 balokhu kunqoba, abaseTurkey iwine lutho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokusho emhlabeni, kwaphela 1713 phakathi koMbuso WaseTurkey neRussia, inkosi Swedish ukuthi ngenkani ikukhipha Sultan ngezinto zalo ezibonakalayo Turkish. Kube khona ngisho kungqubuzana ne Janissaries, lapho Carl walimala.

Yaphela kanjalo-ke esikhathini esiyiminyaka emine yokuhlala yenkosi Swedish e Bender. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, umbuso wakhe unqabile ngobukhulu kakhulu. Kwalahleka endaweni Finland, emazweni aseBaltic kanye eJalimane. EPoland futhi wabusa abaphikisi ezingomakadebona Charles 12 - Agasti 2.

Amazing

izinsuku Nambili 12 Carl sawela lonke elaseYurophu, kwafika emzini Stralsund - ezibonakalayo IsiSwidi oluseningizimu oLwandle iBaltic. It nje ukuthi ukugqashuka yi Danes. Karl izame ukuvikela kwalowo muzi ngokungquzula akuxhomekile elincane amasosha, kodwa wehluleka. Ngemva kwalokho, wathuthela Sweden ukulondoloza ubunikazi bayo okungenani eScandinavia.

Carl baqhubeka imisebenzi asebenzayo eNorway, yayiyingxenye umqhele Danish. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuqonda yinkimbinkimbi isimo sakhe, wayezama ukuphetha isivumelwano sokuthula Russia.

ukufa

Ngokusho version olusemthethweni, uKarl 12, wabulawa 1718 eNorway inhlamvu ehlangeni, belwa Danes. Kwathi ngaleso inqaba Fredriksten.

Ngokusho kwenye inguqulo, ukufa kwakhe kwakukude umphumela uzungu ebukhosini Swedish, okwakubekelwa awanelisekile ne kuhlulekile inqubomgomo angaphandle yenkosi.

Kusengenzeka umbuzo imfihlakalo ku osandla sakhe elahlekile eminyakeni Swedish Inkosi uCarl 12 yokuphila le nkosi - kusukela 1682 kuya 1718. Ukufa lamfica Charles eminyakeni 36.

izici Jikelele

ukuphila Mnandi, ocebile, kodwa iDemo wahlala Swedish Korol Karl 12. Umlando, umlando imikhankaso kwakhe nasekufeni ezazibhekwa lokhu kubuyekezwa. Mlando Iningi uyavuma ukuthi uKarl 12 wayengumholi omkhulu empi wayekwazi ekunqobeni izimpi, nginamabutho abangaphansi kuka-isitha. Nokho, kukhona ubuthakathaka bakhe njengoba isikhulu sikahulumeni. 12 UKarl wayeneminyaka ayikwazanga uvikelekile ukuchuma esizayo Sweden. Kakade phakathi nesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe phambi umbuso onamandla waqala liphuke.

Kodwa-ke, uKarl 12 ingenye nabantu abavelele kunabo bonke emlandweni Swedish.