Lo mbuso WaseTurkey

Ottoman (WaseTurkey) Empire, omlando wakhe waqala ngokubutha ngekhulu le-14 (kusukela ngo-ukwehla waseByzantium), wabunjwa ngomnyaka ka-Anatolia-Turks izizwe. State wadonsa kwaze kwaba ngu-1922 kunazo zonke onyakeni - njengoba kusaqhuba Republic Turkish. Yethiwa yoMbuso WaseTurkey emva Sultan lokuqala - umsunguli Osman lwamakhosi.

Ekuqaleni kokubusa sultan enwetshiwe ifa lakhe, annexing indawo kusukela Marmara kanye Black Sea, ingxenye enkulu entshonalanga ezweni River Sakarya.

Ngemva kokufa Uthman ilandelwa Orhan yakhe. Bursa (wangaphambili idolobha WaseByzantium) - Phakathi nokubusa kwakhe, inhloko-dolobha yezwe sivunyiwe.

Ngemva Orhan waba umbusi wawo indodana yakhe endala Murad 1. Lokhu sikahulumeni omkhulu wakwazi ukuqinisa khona amaviyo alo esifundazweni Europe. Murad 1 e 1389 wanqoba isikhulu Serbian at Kosovo Polje. Ngenxa yalokho sale mpi yoMbuso WaseTurkey usezuze kakhulu endaweni eseningizimu iDanube.

Uhlelo lukahulumeni ezweni yayisekelwe inhlanganisela WaseByzantium, Seljuk nasemasikweni Arab namasiko. On izwe linqotshwa Ottoman, bazama ukugcina ngangokunokwenzeka amasiko endawo, hhayi ukubhubhisa ubuhlobo zomlando.

Ngaphezu kwalokho ukwandisa insimu yoMbuso WaseTurkey phakathi nokubusa kwendodana ka-yakhe Murad 1, Bayezid 1. impi ebalulekile kakhulu, yiMpi eNikopholi esenyakatho-1396 (eDanube). Nokho, naphezu ukuchuma kwangaphandle, uMbuso WaseTurkey wahlupheka nobunzima kuyindaba ebalulekile, zangaphakathi nezangaphandle. ukuziphatha Ikakhulu iziphoxi wombusi, isigodlo sakhe omkhulu, emcimbini esihle esigodlweni wabiza eziningi Ghazi ukucasuka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ayekhathazeke futhi izintaba Bayazid ngokumelene amaSulumane nezinye Gazi e -Asia Minor. Ngenxa yalokho, iningi Beys wendawo kuhanjiswe ku Tamerlane niqinisekile isiqalo ngokumelene WaseTurkey umbusi impi.

Ngenxa yalokho, lapho impi e 1402 ibutho Bayezid inqotshwa futhi ethunjwa nombusi ngokwakhe. I uMbuso WaseTurkey kwaba wahlukana ngenxa imikhankaso alandelayo Tamerlane. Nokho, ngenxa sultans ke saqhubeka igunya phezu kwezinye izindawo kuleli zwe.

Phakathi nekhulu le-15 e-Ottoman isimo kwenziwa inqubomgomo yangaphakathi kabusha futhi ukunwetshwa zangaphandle kanye nokuqinisa imingcele.

I "igolide" lo mbuso waba ngekhulu le-16. Phakathi nale nkathi, wabusa Sulaiman 1, enamathiselwe kakhulu ekuqiniseni amandla asolwandle isimo. Phakathi nekhulu le-16 kwaba sokuthuthwa kwempahla izakhiwo kanye nezincwadi.

Ngo yoMbuso WaseTurkey ngaleso sikhathi yayibuswa ubudlelwane amakhosi asendulo, futhi lempi futhi uhlelo yokuqondisa olwakhiwe umthetho.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi emva kwalesi sikhathi (ngemva kokubusa Süleyman 1) sultans abaningi abanengxenye babeneminyaka ngokwanele ababusi ababuthakathaka. Ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-17, isimo uye ngilunge uhulumeni. Ngasekuqaleni abakulowo mbuso yayikhona isiko ngempela unonya - engena esihlalweni sobukhosi Sultan wabulala bonke abafowabo. Kusukela 1603 ababusi abafowethu nemikhaya yabo baminyana ngokukhethekile, ecezile esigodlweni, lapho afike achitha khona konke ukuphila kwakhe, kuze kube sekufeni sombusi. Lapho sultan wafa, indawo bakhe beza ngingowokuqala iziboshwa. Ngenxa yalokho, i-sultans awazange cishe yonke, waba ngukumkani namakhulu eminyaka 17-18, ekukhuleni kwengqondo, yebo, babengenakho okuhlangenwe nakho zezombusazwe. Ngenxa yokuthi ke lalingabafanele umbusi, izwe elikhulu aqala ukuphelelwa ebunyeni balo, futhi uhulumeni kwaqala buthaka ngokushesha.

Ngenxa yalokho yoMbuso WaseTurkey ekhulwini le-18, liye walahlekelwa kakhulu kwamandla ayo yonke eMediterranean. Kwaqedwa neMpi Iminyaka eyisikhombisa ' sokucasuka ukuhlaselwa okwengeziwe isimo. Ngakho, umbuso atholwe, kodwa isitha endala Austria, nesitha esisha - eRussia.