Zonke izinduna zomhlangano eRussia kusukela Rurik ukuba Putin ngokulandelana kwezenzakalo

Umlando Russia engaphezu kwenkulungwane iminyaka, ngisho nangaphambi obhekwe isimo ku territorrii yayo wahlala ezihlukahlukene kakhulu. Kugcine isikhathi desyativekovoy zingahlukaniswa izigaba eziningana. Bonke ababusi Russian kusukela Rurik ukuba Putin - abantu ababenaye amadodana kweqiniso namadodakazi nangenkathi abafanele.

The main izigaba zomlando ukuthuthukiswa Russia

Izazi-mlando zikholelwa elula kunazo esigabeni ezifana:

- ibhodi iSikhulu Novgorod (862- 882 eminyakeni);

- ibhodi kwesikhulu Omkhulu Kiev (882- 1263 iminyaka);

- Izikhulu ibhodi uVladimir (1157- 1425);

- ubukhulu Greater eMoscow (1283- 1547);

- the yenkathi yamakhosi nababusi (kusuka 1547 kuya 1917);

- nenkathi yamaSoviet (1917 - 1991);

- omongameli bagibele (1991 kuze kube manje).

Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kuyisigaba eziningi ukusho, ngisho umfundi ongeyena oqinile emlandweni waleli zwe. Izimpawu ababusi Russian ka esikhathini esinikeziwe incike inkathi yabo yesimanje. Izikhathi eziningana ushintshe dislocation izikhungo oyinhloko ukuphila kwawo ngokuqondene nezombusazwe yeRussia. Kuze 1547 eRussia lalibuswa amakhosi ohlanga, ke kwaqala inkathi zombuso monarhizatsii Ngeshwa yaphela ngo-1917. Cishe wonke XX leminyaka kwaphawulwa hegemony LamaKhomanisi, kanye ukuvela zikahulumeni ezintsha ezimele ezweni elaliyiSoviet Union.

Kwezikhathi ababusi isiRashiya ababevela 862 kwaze kwaba sekuqaleni kwehlukana (Omkhulu Novgorod futhi Kiev ubukhulu)

Ezenye isssledovany nokubulunga izinto ezingokomlando kwalesi sikhathi asivumela umkhondo oda ukuhlala izikhulu ngamandla. Kungenzeka futhi ukusungula usuku weBhodi ababusi Russian esikhathini. Ngakho:

- Rurik eyabusa kusukela ngo-862 kuya eminyakeni 879;

- Oleg Lesiprofetho kwaba ngamandla kusuka 879 iminyaka engu-912;

- Igor kwaba umsebenzi phezu kwesikhulu elandelayo engu-33, wabulawa ngonyaka 945;

- Olga, Grand Princess (945- 964);

- Prince iqhawe Svyatoslav (indodana ka-Igor no-Olga) ubusa iminyaka 8 ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe empini;

- Jaropolk Svyatoslavovych (972- 980);

- zamaBap- Rus , uVladimir Red Sun (980- 1015);

- Yaroslav Mudry (1016- 1054);

- kusukela 1054 kuze 1068 lapho amandla kwaba Izyaslav Yaroslavovich;

- nge 1068 ku-1078 iminyaka, uhlu ababusi waseRussia lakhulisiwe ngamagama amaningana (Vseslav Bryachislavovich, Yaroslavovich Izyaslav, Svyatoslav futhi Vsevolod Yaroslavovich, e-1078, futhi imithetho Izjaslav Yaroslavovich)

- 1078 kwaphawulwa a kuqiniswa of the kwezepolitiki, kuya 1093 imithetho Vsevolod Yaroslavovich;

- Sviatopolk Izyaslavovich kwaba sobukhosi kusuka 1093 iminyaka 1113;

- Vladimir, wethiwa Monomakh (1113- 1125) - omunye wezikhulu best of Kievan Rus;

- ke 7 iminyaka sobukhosi, wayeyindodana Monomaha Mstislav Vladimirovich;

- kusukela 1132 kuya 1139 iziphathimandla kwadingeka Jaropolk Vladimirovich.

Zonke izinduna zomhlangano eRussia kusukela Rurik ukuba Putin, owayehlala futhi wabusa phakathi nale nkathi bese kuze kube sesikhathini samanje, umsebenzi oyinhloko ukubonwa ekuchumeni yezwe futhi uqinise indima yezwe enkundleni European. Enye into ukuthi ngamunye wabo waya umgomo, ngezinye izikhathi ngendlela ehlukileko ngokuphelele kuka ezazingaphambi kwayo.

Inkathi nokwehlukaniswa Kievan Rus

Ngezikhathi kwehlukana izinduna ka Rus ushintsho sobukhosi kwesikhulu main evame. Akekho ezikhulwini akazange ushiye uphawu sina emlandweni Russia. Maphakathi nekhulu XIII Kiev wafika nokwehla ngokuphelele. Kuhle kokusho nje izikhulu ezimbalwa owabusa ngekhulu XII. Ngakho kusukela 1139 kuya 1146 kwaba isikhulu Kiev Vsevolod Olgovich. Ngo 1146, oshayelayo amasonto amabili kwaba Igor okwesibili, kwalandelwa iminyaka emithathu wemithetho Izjaslav Mstislavovich. Kuze 1169 sobukhosi kwesikhulu kwadingeka isikhathi ukuvakashela abantu abafana Vyacheslav Rurikovich, Rostislav ka Smolensk, Izyaslav Chernigovsky Yuri Dolgoruky, Izyaslav lwesithathu.

Capital liya uVladimir

Phakathi kumiswa feudalism ngasekupheleni eRussia libhekene izimpawu eziningana:

- buthakathaka amandla Kiev yenkosana;

- okuvela izikhungo eziningi ithonya, okuyinto ligcwaliswe nomunye;

- ithonya elikhulayo izinduna.

Ensimini ka eRussia, befika izikhungo ezimbili elikhulu nethonya: Vladimir futhi galich. Galich - iyona ebaluleke kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi isikhungo zezombusazwe (elalisezweni manje naseNtshonalanga ye-Ukraine). Kuyathakazelisa ukuhlola uhlu ababusi Russian, owayebusa uVladimir. Ukubaluleka ngale nkathi emlandweni kusazodingeka ukuhlola abacwaningi. Yiqiniso, uVladimir isikhathi ukuthuthukiswa Russia Akuzange kwaphela isikhathi eside kangaka njengoba Kiev, kodwa kwaba ngemva kokuba kuqala ukwakheka Russia monarchic. Cabangela usuku ibhodi lababusi Russian yesikhathi. Eminyakeni yokuqala yale isigaba ukuthuthukiswa ababusi waseRussia washintsha njalo ngokwanele, kwakukhona ukuzinza, okuyinto izovela kamuva. Eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-5 amandla uVladimir izikhulu babe ezifana:

- Andrew (1169- 1174);

- Vsevolod, indodana ka-Andreya (1176- 1212);

- George Vsyevolodovitch (1218- 1238);

- Yaroslav, indodana ka-Vsevolod (1238- 1246);

- Alexander (saseNevsky), umholi omkhulu wempi (1252- 1263);

- uJaroslav III (1263- 1272);

- Dmitry I (1276- 1283);

- Dmitry II (1284- 1293);

- Andrei Gorodetsky (1293- 1304);

- Michael "oNgcwele" Tver (1305- 1317).

Zonke izinduna zomhlangano iRussia ngemva inhlokodolobha washukumiseleka ukuba eMoscow phambi kwamakhosi lokuqala

Ukudluliswa dolobha uVladimir eMoscow ngokulandelana cishe kuvumelana ekupheleni inkathi kwehlukana izinduna Rus nangokuqinisa main isikhungo nomthelela kwezepolitiki. Iningi izikhulu babe sobukhosi isikhathi eside kunaleso ababusi uVladimir isikhathi. Ngakho:

- Prince Ivan (1328- 1340);

- Amalotha Ivanovich (1340- 1353);

- Ivan Krasny (1353- 1359);

- U-Aleksey Byakont (1359- 1368);

- Dmitry (Don), umholi owaziwayo (1368- 1389);

- Vasily (1389- 1425);

- Sofya Litovskaya (1425- 1432);

- Vasiliy Temny (1432- 1462);

- Ivan Iii (1462- 1505);

- Vasily Ivanovich (1505- 1533);

- Elena Glinska (1533- 1538);

Decade ukuba 1548 emlandweni Russia Kwakuyisikhathi esinzima, lapho isimo kangangokuthi lwamakhosi kwesikhulu empeleni bephulwa. Kwakuzoba nenkathi yokujama tsi, lapho amandla babe Knights omkhaya.

Amakhosi abusa eRussia: ekuqaleni ohlanga

Izazi-mlando ziye zakhomba izinkathi ezintathu zomlando yentuthuko yokubusa kwamakhosi Russian:
ngaphambi kokuza sobukhosi Petra Velikogo, nokubusa sikaPeter Omkhulu futhi emva kwalo. Usuku weBhodi ababusi Russian kusukela 1548 kuze kube sekupheleni kwekhulu XVII yilezi:

- Ivan le Emibi (1548- 1574);

- Amalotha Kasimovsky (1574- 1576);

- futhi, Ivan Grozny (1576- 1584);

- uTheodore (1584- 1598).

Fedor yinkosi babengenalo izindlalifa, ngakho le Rurik lwamakhosi kuphazamisekile. iminyaka 1598-1612 - sezikhathi ezinzima kakhulu emlandweni wezwe lakithi. Ababusi kwathathelwa indawo cishe njalo ngonyaka. Kusukela 1613 leliya lizwe Romanov lwamakhosi:

- uMikayeli uzasukuma, isiphathamandla omele lokuqala Romanov Dynasty (1613- 1645);

- Alexis, indodana yoMbusi umbusi wokuqala (1645- 1676);

- uTheodore A. ethathe ubukhosi e 1676 kanye nemithetho zeminyaka 6;

- uSophia, udadewabo, babusa 1682 kuya 1689.

Ekhulwini XVII eRussia, ekugcineni, kwaba ukuzinza. Qinisa ngamandla emaphakathi, kancane kancane siqale kwekuhlela kabusha ezaholela yokuthi Russia selikhule ngokwendawo futhi aqiniswe yiseluleko, kwaphenduka kubhekwe nemibuso yezwe ehola. Udumo ngenxa ushintsho ukuma isimo kungokwalabo omkhulu Russian Tsar Peter mina (1689-1725), okwakuyindawo umbusi wokuqala.

Ababusi iRussia ngemva Peter

phakathi nokubusa Petra Velikogo - lokhu zezimbali isimo isiRashiya, lapho kubhujiswa umbuso yazuza izimoto zawo eziqinile futhi kwaqinisa ibutho. Bonke ababusi Russian kusukela Rurik ukuba Putin, wayekwazi ukubaluleka emabuthweni ahlomile, kodwa kancane wanikezwa ukubona amandla enkulu yezwe. Isici esibalulekile salo langaleso sikhathi laliwumfuziselo inqubomgomo nolaka angaphandle eRussia, okuyinto babonisa ukubusa enobudlova izindawo ezintsha (impi Russian-Turkish, umkhankaso Azov).

Kwezikhathi ababusi Russian kusukela 1725 kuya 1917 simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako:

- Catherine Skavronskaya (1725-1727);

- Peter II (Kushone 1730);

- Queen Anne (1730-1740);

- Ivan Antonovych (1740-1741);

- Catherine P. (1741-1761);

- Peter F. (1761- 1762);

- Ekaterina Velikaya (1762- 1796);

- Pavel Petrovich (1796- 1801);

- u-Alexander I (1081-1825);

- UNicholas mina (1825-1855);

- u-Alexander II (1855 - 1881);

- Alexander III (1881-1894);

- uNicholas II - owokugcina Romanovs, wabusa kuze 1917.

Ngalesi sikhathi, ke eseqedile ukuthuthukiswa omkhulu yezwe, lapho amandla amakhosi. Ngemva Okthoba Revolution, kukhona i-oda entsha yezombusazwe - republic.

Russian ngesikhathi sokubusa kwamaSoviet futhi emva kokuwa yayo

I emva kwempi eminyakeni embalwa yokuqala zazinzima. Phakathi balesi sikhathi ungabahlukanisa Aleksandra Fedorovicha Kerenskogo. Ngemva kokubhaliswa ngokomthetho eU.SSR njengoba isimo kuze 1924 futhi wahola izwe uVladimir Lenin. Ngokulandelayo, kwezikhathi ababusi Russian simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako:

- Dzhugashvili Iosif Vissarionovich (1924-1953);

- uNikita Khrushchev kwaba unobhala lokuqala Communist Party ngemva kokufa kukaStalin kuze 1964;

- leonid uBrezhnev (1964- 1982);

- Yuriy Andropov (1982- 1984);

- Konstantin Chernenko, uNobhala Jikelele we-Communist Party (1984-1985);

- uMikhail Gorbachev uMongameli wokuqala wase-USSR (1985-1991);

- Boris Yeltsin, Ehola Russia ezimele (1991-1999);

- inhloko samanje isimo Putin - UMengameli waseRussia kusukela 2000 (nge break zeminyaka 4, lapho likahulumeni eliholwa Dmitry Medvedev ekuyi)

Zingobani-Russian ababusi?

Zonke izinduna zomhlangano eRussia kusukela Rurik ukuba Putin, owayekade amandla kubo bonke emlandweni eyinkulungwane ngaphezu isimo - iyona Patriots, ababefisa ukuchuma wonke amazwe zwe elikhulukazi. Ababusi abaningi kwakungebona abantu abangavamile okungahleliwe kule nsimu nzima, futhi wenza wonke umnikelo kungenzeka ukuthuthukiswa kanye kumiswa Russia. Good inhlalakahle yabantu bakhe, yebo, njengazo zonke ababusi Russia: force main njalo iqondiswe ekuqiniseni imingcele, ukunwetshwa yokuhweba, eqinisa ikhono ukuzivikela.