Uhlelo "i-21 leminyaka." Elementary School ": ukubuyekezwa. Izincwadi ezintsha zebanga lokuqala. Isikhathi sokuguquguquka ekilasini lokuqala

Iyini uhlelo "ikhulu lama-21. Isikole samabanga aphansi? " Izimpendulo zothisha abasebenza kuso ziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Abanye bayaqiniseka ukuthi le ndlela iyadingeka ekuthuthukiseni ubuntu bomntwana wanamuhla, abanye othisha banqabe ngokungafani ukuhlukahluka kwemfundo nokukhuliswa kwesizukulwane esincane.

Izici zohlelo

Izisekelo zemfundo yentuthuko evezwe kule phrojekthi yimbangela yeminyaka eminingi yokufuna nokucwaninga ithimba elikhulu nelenobungane labachwepheshe abavela esikhungweni samabanga aphansi esikoleni se-ISMO (Institute for Secondary General Education of the Academy of Education). Ngaphezu kwalokho, abanye abasebenzi be-Academy yezemfundo yaseRussia bathatha iqhaza ekuthuthukisweni. Izincwadi zokubhala zebanga lokuqala zadalwa ngaphansi kokuqondiswa kukaNF Vinogradov, uprofesa, udokotela wesayensi yokufundisa, ilungu elihambisana ne-RAO.

Imfuneko yokudala indlela entsha

Ngaphambi kokuba inkolelo enjalo ibonakale, iningi labothisha nabachwepheshe bezengqondo babesebenza kanzima kulo. Uhlelo lwe-GEF "Elementary School. Ikhulu lama-21 "lakhiwa ngesisekelo se-LS Vygotsky. Kubonisa izindlela zokuthuthukisa imfundo DB Elkonin, AV Zaporozhets, VV Davydov. Lolu hlelo lunamaphuzu womqondo wesikole esisekuqaleni, esikhonywe nguNF Vinogradova, AM Pyshkalo.

Umqondo oyinhloko we-QMS

Kuyinto enhle kakhulu ngohlelo "ikhulu lama-21. Isikole samabanga aphansi? " Impendulo yabathisha esebenzisa lolu qeqesho kanye nesethi yokusebenza ibonisa ukuthi inikeza izindlela eziningana zokwenza ngcono imfundo yamabanga aphansi yanamuhla, izindlela ezintsha zomgomo, okuqukethwe okuyinhloko kwezinto eziveziwe. Le ndlela yokukhulisa nokufundisa izingane zesikole esikoleni esiphakeme esikoleni evamile yaba yimpumelelo. Ithimba lomlobi, esebenza ekwakheni i-CMD, liye lathuthukisa izincwadi ezikhethekile zebanga lokuqala.

Izici zesitethi semithi

Ngaphandle kwencwadi yabafundi, abalobi belo hlelo nabo badala izincwadi ezikhethekile zabafundisi besikole samabanga aphansi. Amabhuku akhethekile esikoleni esiphansi sekhulu lama-21 nawo ashicilelwe. Uhlobo oluhlukile lwabafundisi lukhishwe futhi luphakanyiswa izincomo, kanye ne-pourochnye ukuhlela isiyalo ngasinye sezemfundo. Yini ehlukile kwezinye izindlela zesimiso "ikhulu lama-21. Isikole samabanga aphansi? "Ukubuyekezwa kwabazali abangabantwana abaqedile ukuqeqeshwa kuwo ikakhulukazi bahle. Bayaqaphela ukuthi izingane zazilula ukuvumelanisa nezixhumanisi eziphakathi, abazange babe nezinkinga ngezifundo zabo.

Ukuqedwa kwe-QMS

Iphakethe eligcwele lezemfundo nelithi "I-Elementary school yekhulu lama-21. Izwe elizungezile "lihlanganisa incwadi ehlelwe yi-NF Vinogradov, kanye nencwadi ekhethekile ekhuluma ngale ndaba. Futhi ku-UMK kukhona i-primer eyakhiwe ngu-Evdokimova OA, Izinkinga ze-Zhurova LE zeklasi lokuqala emathematika eqoqwe yi-VN Rudnitskaya enokuqukethwe okuthakazelisayo, imibuzo ecacile. Uma wenza izingane zabo zifunde ukucabanga, ukucabanga ngokucabangelayo, ukukhetha ukuhluka okulungile okuvela eziningana ezihlongozwayo. Ukufunda nokufunda nokufundiswa kufundiswa ngokusho kwencwadi ethi "Ukufunda Okufunda Ukubhala", ehlongozwa ngu-Efrosinina LA Zonke izinzuzo ezifakiwe kulokhu okuqeqeshwayo (zinconyelwe) ukuthi zisetshenziswe nguNgqongqoshe Wezemfundo neSayensi YeRussian Federation. Uma imisebenzi yeklasi lokuqala ngezibalo isekelwe ekuthuthukiseni kwelogi, ngakho-ke kulesi sihloko njengobuchwepheshe, ukunakekelwa kukhokhwa ekwakheni amakhono asebenzayo.

Izici ze-QMS

Isimiso esiyinhloko semfundo yanamuhla sisekhona endleleni: isikole samabanga aphansi singokwemvelo. Izici zenqubo yokufunda yilezi zalesikhathi isidingo esikhulu sabantwana besikole ukuxhumana, umsebenzi okhiqizayo. Lezi zici zacatshangelwa ngabalobi bendlela, zichaze ngokucacile lokho umfundi webanga lesibili okufanele akwazi ukukwenza. Izici zomuntu ngamunye kanye nezobuciko bokusebenza kwengqondo yabantwana besikole zacatshangelwa, futhi izinga lokuxhumana kwabo lizimisele. Uhlelo lunikeza kanjani "ikhulu lama-21. Isikole samabanga aphansi? " Izimpendulo zothisha nabazali ziqinisekisa isikhathi sokusungulwa kwalendlela, ukusebenza kwayo.

Isikhathi sokulungisa

Izazi zengqondo ziqaphele ukubaluleka kwenkathi yokuguquguquka kwababhalisi bokuqala. Kungenxa yalesi sikhathi ukuthi ama-first-grader, ngokuya ngesilinganiso sokulungela esikoleni, adlule ngaphandle kwezinkinga ezivela esikoleni sangaphambi kwesikole ukuya empilweni ecebile yesikole. Abalobi balezi zinhlelo ezibekwe eceleni bafaka ukugcizelela okukhethekile ekuthuthukiseni iziyalo ezididiyelwe zezemfundo ezihlinzekwa kubaqashi bokuqala engxenyeni yokuqala yonyaka. Izinkinga ezizwakalayo, ezixazulula le nsizwa, zize zisize ukutadisha imvelo ezungezile, ukufunda izinto eziyisisekelo zokufunda nokubhala. Isihloko esithi "Izwe elizungezile", ngaphezu kwemisebenzi yezemfundo, linikeza futhi lenzeke ngokuvumelana nezimo zezingane zendabuko kuhlobo olusha lomsebenzi.

Ukuhlanganiswa okunjalo, okuyinto evumela ukuqonda okuphelele kwengane yesikole esinikezwe inhlobo yemvelo, ishintshwe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngezifundo ezihlukile ezihlukene. Izinkinga ezizwakalayo, ezinikezwa abakwa-first-grader ngonyaka wesibili, zisiza ukudala isithombe esiphelele seqiniso elizungezile phakathi kwabafundi besikole. Lokhu kuthambekela kuthathwa njengesizathu sokwakhiwa kwesiyalo semfundo "Izwe elizungezile" emabangeni 2-4. Inkambo "Isikole esiphezulu. I-21st Century "(ekilasini lesibili) ihlose ukuxazulula enye yezinto ezibalulekile zemfundo yamabanga aphansi yanamuhla - ukwakheka kwezingxenye eziyinhloko zomsebenzi wezemfundo. Lo mqondo wokwakha inqubo yokufundisa abafundi basesikoleni samabanga aphansi wanikezwa ngabafundisi bezemfundo ekuthuthukiseni imfundo. Abalobi besethi "Elementary School. Ekhulwini lama-21 "wabeka umgomo wokwakha indlela yokukhethwa kwezikole zaseRashiya, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isikole sihlalaphi, izinga lokuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi bokufundisa.

GEF esikoleni samabanga aphansi

Amazinga ombuso wombuso omusha, owadalwa esigabeni sokuqala sokuqeqesha, wafaka izinga lokufunda ebangeni lesi-1. Kuchazwa ngokucabangela iqiniso lokuthi abalobi be-CMD baye bagxila ekusetshenzisweni komsebenzi wokufanisa abafundi bezikole eziyisisekelo. Abalobi baye badala uhlelo olukhethekile lwemidlalo nemithetho, ngenxa yokuthi ikhwalithi namakhono adingekayo ngenqubo yokufunda ithuthukiswa. Isakhiwo kanye nokuqukethwe kwezimali ezisetshenziselwa ukufeza imigomo ebekwe kuzo kubonisa izindlela ezintsha zokwakhiwa kwemisebenzi yokuhlola kanye nokuqapha kwezingane zesikole ezincane. I-CMB idinga i-ruble ekhethekile ebizwa ngokuthi "Zihlole Wena", kanye nemisebenzi efana ne- "thola amaphutha", "qhathanisa impendulo yakho nombhalo".

Izitayela ezintsha esikoleni samabanga aphansi

Ukubuyekeza okuqukethwe kwezemfundo nokukhuliswa esikoleni sezikole saseRussia kugcizelela ukuguqulwa kancane kancane emisebenzini yokuzala nokufundisa emsebenzini wokucwaninga, ucwaningo kanye nomklamo. Isimiso semfundo nesokwemvelo, esetshenziswa ngokuphumelelayo cishe kuzo zonke izikhungo zokufundisa zaseRussia zanamuhla, akusho ukuthi ukuqondisa indima "umlaleli" olula, kodwa ukudluliselwa emsebenzini "umcwaningi". Manje abaqashi bokuqala abalaleli nje kuphela umeluleki wabo, bazikhanda ngekhanda indaba, bakhiqize ngesikhathi esifundweni, bezinto ezibalulekile zomsebenzi wezemfundo.

Ingane inesithakazelo ekutholeni izimpendulo zemibuzo emkhathazayo, ukuthola ulwazi olusha eyedwa. Ngaphambi kokuqala umsebenzi omusha, umfundi uzibeka engqondweni, okungukuthi, wenza izingqondo zakhe mayelana nokuqukethwe okukhulunywe ngakho. Kakade ekilasini lokuqala umfundi ufuna i-algorithm yakhe yezenzo, angena engxoxweni yesayensi nabalingane nabo ekilasini, uthisha-umfundisi. Utitjhere akasabangela izinkinga ezinganeni ekuqaleni komsebenzi wokucabanga, umfundi ngamunye unethuba langempela lokuba "azitholele" ngokuzimela ukwaziswa kwesayensi, ukuqhuba ucwaningo oluphelele.

Abalobi beqoqo elihlaziye lezemfundo nelokufundisa lenza umsebenzi onjengokukhulisa othisha nabazali emsebenzini wokudala wezingane zesikole. Kusho ukuzimela kanye nesinyathelo somntwana ngamunye. Ukuze ubhekane nale nkinga enkulu ekusebenzeni, othisha batusa ukwandisa ukubaluleka kokufunda ngezinkinga, futhi basebenzisa isikhathi esiningi ekuthuthukiseni ukuzimela kwabafundi. Kancane kancane, ngokukhula komzimba kwezingane, kulindeleke ukuba kwandiswe ubunzima bemisebenzi eyenzelwe izingane zesikole.

Umsebenzi wokudala wezingane uthuthukiswa ngokuthuthukiswa kwenqubo enjalo yengqondo njengengqondo. Le ndlela yokuqeqesha ihilela ukusebenzisa uhlelo lokudlala umdlalo. Kungenxa yabo ukuthi abafundi banethuba lokuthuthukisa izici ezahlukene zokuziphatha, ukwakha ubuciko kanye nengqondo kuzo zonke izingane. Ukuphuthuma nokuphumelela kokuqhuba imidlalo emdlalweni wokuqala wokuqeqesha kuqinisekiswa ngomkhuba, ngakho-ke umsebenzi onjalo waba yinto ephoqelekile yesakhiwo esithi "Izwe elizungezile" kumamaki oku-1 no-2. Encwadini yokubhala kukhona irubrikhi ekhethekile ebizwa ngokuthi "Uhambo oludlule", okubandakanya ukukhuthaza umsebenzi wokudala wezingane.

Okucacile "kwesikole sekhulu lama-21"

Abalobi beli kit bahlalisisa ngokukhethekile amathuba okuba ingane ngayinye ibonise ukuhluka kwabo. Kuzo zonke izinsiza zokufundisa ezinikezwa abalobi bezindlela, kuphakanyiswa ukwaziswa okuvumela uthisha ukuba acabangele impumelelo nengane yomntwana, izinga lokuthuthukiswa kwengqondo yakhe. Izincwadi zokufunda ezifakiwe kulolu hlelo zithatha ukutholakala kokuqukethwe okwengeziwe kwezemfundo. Ngenxa yalokhu, isizinda semfundo ephakeme kakhulu, isizinda sokufunda esidalwa yi-erudite senziwa. Ezimweni ezintsha, ingane ikhululiwe isibopho sokwazi izinto ezithile zemfundo ngendlela ephelele, futhi unikezwa ilungelo lokuthuthukisa umkhondo wakhe wezemfundo. Le ndlela yabalobi yaba nomthelela ekuthuthukiseni nasekusetshenzisweni kwezinqubo ezintsha zokuhlukaniswa kwemfundo yamabanga aphansi wanamuhla.

Manje uthisha wenza inselelo enenjongo, ecatshangisa ekilasini ehlukene ekilasini. Izincwadi zokusebenzela ezikhethekile zokuthuthukisa nokulungisa, ezakhiwe ngokukhethekile kuzo zonke izikole ezifundiswayo, zinike uthisha ithuba lokushiya umsebenzi wokufundela, okwenzelwe "umfundi". Manje angakwazi ukuqondisa umsebenzi wakhe wobuchwepheshe ukuze enze umsebenzi onenjongo nabafundi abancane abafunda esikoleni, banikezwe izinga lokuphumelela, amandla omntwana ngamunye.

I-UMK inikeza uhlelo lokusebenza lomsebenzi wokufundisa othisha wasesikoleni samabanga aphansi, oluhlobene nokuqedwa kwazo zonke izimbangela zobunzima obuhlangane nabantwana lapho befunda izifundo ezihlukene zesikole. I-CMB iveza amaphepha okuhlola, kunesimiso sokuxilonga abafundi bekilasi ngalinye, ngosizo luthisha ulandelela amandla okukhula kwamagceke abo, futhi uhlola impumelelo yokwazi ulwazi olusha namakhono. Abalobi bezinhlelo ezintsha zokukhokha babelinakekele ngokukhethekile ekubunjweni kwesimo esihle sengqondo emfundweni yabantwana abancane abafunda esikoleni, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokuzimela kwabo kanye nesinyathelo sokufundisa.

Indlela yokuqeqesha iklanyelwe ukuze umfundi ngamunye wesikole samabanga aphansi athole ilungelo lokwenza amaphutha, ukuzihlola ngokwakhe umsebenzi wakhe, ukuhlaziywa kwemiphumela yokufunda. Kulolu hlelo kukhona izingane ezithi "Zihlole," futhi uthisha kukhona izincomo ezikhethekile zokuhlela ukulawula umsebenzi wezingane zesikole. Into ngayinye ehlanganiswe ohlelweni olusha inezinhloso zayo.

Ihlelo lokuhlaziywa kwezemfundo nelendlela ye-methodological "Elementary School of the 21st Century" lwaziswa yiNational Training Foundation. Lolu hlelo lwaba ngumhlanganyeli futhi unqobe umncintiswaneni omkhulu, ohlangene nokudalwa kwezinsiza ezintsha zokufundisa eShelter. UMnyango Wezemfundo weRussian Federation, ngokufunda ngokucophelela zonke izinto, waziswa kakhulu ngale ndlela. UMK wathola ukuqashelwa komphakathi, waba ngumnikazi weziklomelo ezahlukene zikahulumeni kanye nezomkhakha. Ngakho-ke, ngo-2001 lesi sethi sabonakala njengowinqobe yokuphakanyiswa kwe "Bookbook yekhulu lama-21". Lolu hlelo lwanikezwa kwi-14 International Moscow Fair Book "Oscar". Ngo-2002, iSikole se-21 Century sathola umklomelo ohloniphekile wobuongameli emkhakheni wezemfundo.

Ukubuyekezwa mayelana nesethi "Isikole Elingqala Ekhulwini Lama-21"

Othisha abadlulile zonke izinyathelo zalolu hlelo bathi kuyathandeka kakhulu futhi kuyinqubo entsha. Othisha baqaphela umlingiswa othuthukayo, ukutholakala kwezincwadi zezifundo zamazinga ahlukene wemisebenzi enengqondo. Phakathi kwezici zalolu hlelo yizifundo ezididiyelwe ezinikezwa abaqashi bokuqala engxenyeni yokuqala yonyaka. Isibonelo, izifundo zendabuko ezihloswe ekufundiseni ukubhala, futhi izibalo zihlanganisiwe phakathi nenkambo "Ukufunda nokubhala". Abafana bahlonipha amakhono okuqeqesha ngezibalo kanye nolimi lwazo. Abazali bakhathazekile ngokuthi lolu hlelo luyinkimbinkimbi kangakanani ezinganeni zabo.

Isiphetho

Uhlelo oluhlolisiswe esikoleni samabanga aphansi lubeka ukugcizelela okukhethekile ekufezeni izivivinyo ezihlukahlukene zokuhlola abafundi. Utitjhere, ngenxa yezenzo ezinjalo, aqonde kangako izinkinga zabafundi bakhe, afune iindlela zokuzilungisa, ukhetha umsebenzi ohlukileko esifundweni, kusiza umntwana ukuba akhe umzila wokufundisa ngamunye. Umfundi uthola ithuba lokususa ukucindezeleka okuqongelekile, ngoba umsebenzi wokuhlonza awunayo uhlelo lokufaka amagoli evamile. I-UMK "Elementary School of the 21st Century" igcizelela ukusetjenziswa komthetho oyisisekelo wezemfundo zanamuhla - kucabangela iimfanelo zeminyaka yezingane.

Ukuthandwa kwalesi sikiti kuqinisekiswa ukuthi cishe kuzo zonke izifunda zothisha basezifundweni zaseRussia primary school basebenza ngokuvumelana nalolu hlelo. Othisha abakhethile i-CMD, baphendule kahle kulo. Phakathi kokungqubuzana kwalo okuvela kwezinye izinhlelo ezenzelwe isikole samabanga aphansi, ake sicacise ukwakhiwa kwesistimu yokuhlola yokufundisa kusukela ekilasini lokuqala kuya kwesine. Le phrojekthi ihlose ngokuyinhloko ekuthuthukiseni komfundi, ukufundisa kwakhe okuphumelelayo. Kule ndaba, incazelo ehlukile yanikezwa ekuhloleni okuhlongozwayo, ngenxa yokuthi uthisha uqapha izici eziqondene namagard, wenza indlela ehlukile kumfundi ngamunye.

Ukuxilongwa kwezemfundo kuvumela othisha esiteji sokuqala ukuba abone ukulungela umfundi ukuqeqeshwa. Ngokuqhubekayo umfundisi angakwazi ukuqonda, yiliphi izinga lokufunda ngomntwana wamakhono namakhono, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukushintshwa okuphumelelayo kwenzekile. Ngokusekelwe kwedatha etholakele, uthisha unquma ukuthi uzoqhubeka yini noma aphinde aphinde abuyele emfundweni yezemfundo. Ngenkathi yokuhlola okunjalo, akusilo ulwazi oluningi oluhlolwe njengendlela yokuxazulula umsebenzi othile wezemfundo. Izinzuzo zalesi sifo siwukuthi abafana bazizwa bekhululekile, azixhomeki kumamaki. Ekuqhubekeleni izifundo ezinjalo kusukela ekilasini lokuqala kuya kwesine, uthisha unomfanekiso ocacile wokukhula kwengqondo nokudala kwengane ngayinye. Lokhu kunikeza isikhathi somqeqeshi ukuba asize isikole, bakhanga abazali.

Naphezu kobunzima babantu base elihlobene ne ukwethulwa uhlelo olusha lapho besanda kuqala ukuqeqeshwa, kuphumelela kanye nekungabi yayo kahle ziqinisekiswa isikhathi. Uphenyo lokusebenzisa le ndlela yokufundisa kweziningi ezinhle, njengoba kusekelwe indlela siqu izingane, umehluko inqubo yemfundo. Mayelana ukwedlulela wesimanje imfundo Russian e nemithetho emisha isimo sezemfundo kwandisa ukuphuthuma kanye nokugcizelela ukuhlobana izindlela zokufundisa, ezihilela umfundi nothisha ngokubambisana.