Vasily Tatishchev futhi ngegalelo lakhe isayensi. Lo mkhumbi "Vasiliy Tatishchev"

Vasily Tatishchev - igama, cishe, ekulaleleni i muntu ofundile. Kodwa nansi lamukele ukuthi ixhunyiwe nokuthi uphawu, hhayi bonke. Kodwa iqiniso liwukuthi namuhla umkhumbi isithunywa "Vasily Tatishchev," lasolwandle Russian crisscrossing olwandle futhi ngokuvamile singena abezindaba. Kodwa kukhona isizathu esenza abaklami wakhetha igama elimangalisayo. Futhi lokho ingozi! Futhi indoda, kwaba oluvelele, futhi abathandi yomlando - uhlamvu wangempela. Futhi umkhumbi we Baltic Fleet, "Vasily Tatishchev" ayinalo into engavamile kancane.

Yini esiyaziyo mayelana umkhumbi?

Ukwakhiwa umkhumbi senziwa hhayi kudala, eminyakeni engu-80 ngekhulu leminyaka lamashumi amabili. Futhi namhlanje akayena ngisho iminyaka engamashumi amathathu, ngoba amanzi wethulwa Novemba 1987. 27 ngisemsebenzini Gdansk wethula Vehicle Ukuxhumana "Cer - 231". Cishe ngonyaka ngalolo umkhumbi ngomyalo we webutho aseBaltic Fleet kabili wayevuse ifulegi wase-USSR. Lokhu kwaba "Vasily Tatishchev" esiseduze esizayo. Lo mkhumbi wokugoqa yendawo yabo ezweni ayikashintshi, kodwa ngo-1998, ngokuyalelwa intelligence isilinganiso umkhumbi wenza isivumelwano ne ukuphathwa JSC "Kuibyshevazot" e Tolyatti ku ubudlelwano ukusekelwa. Futhi kwaba isinqumo ezishintsha ukuphila kwayo. Kusukela eminyakeni emibili kamuva saqanjwa umkhumbi e Cer "Vasily Tatishchev," sibonga ukuphikelela imeya Togliatti, okuyinto kubhekwa umsunguli kwaba lokhu emlandweni. Nge umlando esifushane kangaka, umkhumbi isithunywa we Baltic Fleet, "Vasily Tatishchev" namanje wakwazi ukuthola emikhankasweni 22 kusukela ngaphesheya kwe-Atlantic, aseBaltic eNyakatho Mediterranean kwezilwandle. Ngokusho idatha zomphakathi, "run" salo ayizinkulungwane 340 nautical miles. Kodwa ukuphila endleleni - ingqikithi iminyaka emithathu nje, kusukela displacement we umkhumbi - amathani 3.4, ngaphandle kwesidingo ukushayela ke ngeke. Yini enye kusimangaze "Vasily Tatishchev"? Lo mkhumbi ingenye imikhumbi eziyisishiyagalombili, 864 "Meridian" wakha ngaphansi project eSoviet Union. Kodwa namuhla umqhele korablestroitelstva lempi senzelwe yiluphi ulwazi nge abaphuca omsakazo.

"Vasily Tatishchev" - umkhumbi elinomlando ekhazimulayo

Kuleli zwe uya njalo ku udweshu phakathi izinhlobo ezahlukene amabutho kanye ukuhanjiswa ayezozibusa. Ngazo zonke izikhathi ngiyinhloli kule game inikeza usizo enamandla kakhulu, futhi ngezinye izikhathi alingise indima juqu. Ngo-computer yethu, izinhloli electronic esikhundleni abantu, electronic intelligence izinhlelo - ukuba esikhundleni esishunyekiwe intelligence izikhulu. izinhlelo ezinjalo ezahlukene - ukusuka izinhlobo ezincane imishini izindiza nemikhumbi. Kuyinto lesi simiso intelligence ukuhlangana futhi umkhumbi isithunywa we Baltic Fleet, "Vasily Tatishchev." Eminyakeni yamuva, abaningi ngokucace umkhumbi yabonisa ngokwayo ekusekeleni izindiza kanye namanye amaqembu intelligence eRussia eSiriya. Weza aphume Baltic Sea, endaweni yayo unomphela ohlala kulo, ngokusho kwabanye imithombo, abezindaba wathunyelwa ogwini yaseSiriya empumalanga yeMedithera. Umsebenzi oyinhloko crew ukuthi asiqaphile isimo emoyeni, hhayi kuphela Syria, kodwa futhi emazweni abaseduze angomakhelwane. amanzi Wendawo kanye zone khulula, ngokusobala, azihlukile. umkhumbi ayohlola "Vasiliy Tatishchev" akuyona okokuqala eshiya aseBaltic. Kunobufakazi bokuthi i-Impi eYugoslavia wayebuye ngaphansi kokuqondisa isithunywa. Ngakho-ke, umuntu angabona neze ukuthi umkhumbi nice and big ezifana asuswe ukusuka oLwandle iBaltic ku ukuhamba ibanga elide, noma umane ulwazi olujwayelekile nezinjongo kuphela. Lo mkhumbi kuyinto ziyakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nalolu ukungabi noma ukulahleka kwendawo lezisekelo, uma kunesidingo, ukusetshenziswa ekhuthele kakhulu. Ingabe ngaso sonke isikhathi umxhwele lezi zakhiwo ubunjiniyela, umkhumbi "Vasiliy Tatishchev." Izithombe abekwe ngezansi akahlukile wedwa. Kodwa uzobona ke alikho zindawo aseBaltic, izwe kuphela okumelwe kuqashelwe.

Ake ubuyele emuva emlandweni

isiqalo Bright of Sciences Tsarist Russia, njengoba eYurophu, ngenxa yenani elincane amagama. Kodwa laba bantu komculo wayeyisazi kweqiniso nesithakazelo bacondze etindzaweni letehlukene bashiya omkhulu kakhulu impahla olubalulekile namuhla nomqulu olunjalo belungaphelelwa umona, uma kungekhona lonke Institute, uMnyango ngokuqinisekile. Esikhathini umoya ofanayo ngazo zonke igama eyaziwa kahle MV Lomonosov kuwufanele nokubonakala Basil Nikitich Tatishchev. Ubebhekise imisebenzi umlawuli olusemthethweni ngaphansi uPetru I. imfundo - wobunjiniyela. Kodwa by the nature ungachithi - mlando, Economist, isazi sokuma kwezwe, uthisha, ummeli ukuphrinta nemfundo jikelele sabantu. ukuqonda okunjalo ojulile lapho nokuthi ikusasa yezwe ekuqaleni kwekhulu XVIII uye wagxila ezintweni ezibalulekile, okuyinto, ngeshwa, ongakabi usuqalile okumele kubhekwane nazo ngokushesha. Yebo, futhi eziningi ezinikelwe Vasily Tatishchev. Kodwa abakwazanga ukuhlola besikhathi sakhe, ayikwazanga kubangele izenzo zakhe futhi wenze okulahla, ayikwazanga bayakwazisa amandla isicelo esinjalo oluseqophelweni phambili imibono isikhathi. Nakuba liqale abanobuntu enjalo emlandweni intuthuko.

A imigqa ambalwa biography

Tatischev Vasiliy Nikitich, ogama umnikelo umlando kubalulekile, wazalwa ngo-Ephreli 19, 1686. Bafunde e Moscow, ephothula wezikhali kanye Engineering School. Umsebenzi ngaphansi uPetru ngiqala ngiyisosha, ngekubamba lichaza Elikhulu Northern neMpi ekuqaleni kwekhulu XVIII. Kakade ekupheleni kwempi iqala ukuba amabalazwe Tatischev ukuphila umxhwele ngesikhathi esifanayo njengoba umlando nokuma kwezwe. Ukuqhubeka umsebenzi wakhe kwahulumeni, Tatishchev wathola isiqondiso Urals njengombusi waleli namafemu eziphethwe uhulumeni. Wabe salibangisa ihhovisi ngenkathi Mint. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wayebuye inhloko Kalmykia futhi Orenburg wemisebenzi. Sekukonke, inceku yasobala Vasily Tatishchev wahlala iminyaka 42, ophela umsebenzi wakhe e-1745, iminyaka emihlanu ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe. Lalezo kusuka kokuthunyelwe kwe-Astrakhan umbusi, Vasily Nikitich wadingiselwa nedlelo, ukuze ifa Boldino. Lapha, esimweni esikhululekile, lapho appends 'History of the Russian "yakhe izinto okuyinto uqoqe kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe. Kodwa ake zonke ukuze, futhi kabanzi.

Vasily Tatishchev. ukutholakala

Yikuphi kwakungeke ungungqondongqondo, futhi noma yini ayekwenza, ithalente lakhe futhi lokusungula njalo uzothola inkulumo ezenzweni nezenzo. Ngakho, okuholela kabili izitshalo Ural, unjiniyela ngokuqeqesha kokubili izikhathi wazama kabusha imboni yezimayini, futhi akusebenzise amaphrojekthi ezinkulu. Ukuze eMoscow kwaba kude, kodwa kubalulekile ukuba ukuxazulula izinkinga nalo. Mail ukulethwa ngesikhathi lalithatha izinyanga eside ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukwanelisa umholi lisebenza futhi engadlali ngomsebenzi. Tatishchev isungule futhi yaqala nokuqalisa ngisho nokuphila uhlobo olusha lwe-imeyili, alien ngokuphelele eRussia. A umnikelo Vasiliya Tatischeva kuvulwa izikole kanye nenhlangano ye imfundo yomphakathi jikelele nje asikwazi overestimated. Angakwenza futhi wahlanganyela ilungiselelo SMME kanye almshouses. Mayelana nomsebenzi wakhe, induna izitshalo ayikwazanga nomthelela ukudalwa imithetho ezimayini. Wabuye wasungula ukuthuthukiswa yezandla esisha. Njengoba umphathi omkhulu, Vasily Tatishchev wenziwa yemfanelo eqondile hhayi kuphela, kodwa kuthatha phezu umsebenzi izimantshi, abahluleli kanye ngisho nombusi. Ingabe uyazi ukuthi ubani owayebaluleke umsunguli laseStavropol (manje Togliatti), eYekaterinburg futhi Perm? Yilokho - Vasiliy Nikitich Tatischev.

Urals phakathi nesikhathi uPetru Ngaqala kakhulu ayenziwa. Kwamahlathi kwaba zobuqaba ngakho, uyabona, inesihluku, ukuthi phezu 50 iminyaka elandelayo yale ubuhlobo esifundeni esise-Ural nje akazange abe isihlahla olulodwa. Futhi ukubuyisa le ihlathi ngaphandle ukunakekelwa wesintu nokugcwaliseka ngesikhathi esincane kangaka akunakwenzeka. Seen nezinzuzo zemvelo ziye zaya njalo ngemva indoda futhi kuyaqhubeka. Mhlawumbe sibonga inzalo ka wonke-ke kumelwe abe qakala nomuntu unake njenge Vasiliy Nikitich Tatischev, okuyinto owavula amehlo izikhulu neziphathimandla ezindabeni zemvelo kakade ekhulwini XVIII, futhi ithuthukiswe izimayini nokwenganye. Imisebenzi abakhulu ukubeka into ngesidzingo sekugcina amahlathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokusho ikhiphe umyalo akuvumelekile futhi yisigwebo sokufa kwamahlathi nokuklaba eduze edolobheni esanda sekuvele - Ekaterinburg. Kulomuzi kukhona lesikhumbuzo esiyingqayizivele, lapho uPetru mina, i autocrat futhi liduma umlando isiRashiya, ngeqholo liphume kanye umngane wakhe omncane - Vasiliem Tatischevym.

Ukuzilibazisa, abe isayensi

Mayelana izinto zokuzilibazisa umlando wakhe kanye geography Vasily Tatishchev ukhohlwe futhi ithunyelwe ukuthuthukiswa yabo bonke amathuba enikela ngokuphila kwakhe kanye nohambo olusemthethweni kuleli zwe. Noma yimuphi imithombo ezilotshiwe ezingokomlando, kanye ibalazwe lokuqala Russian of Ural naseSiberia mlando ovelele wamabalazwe iqoqa. Futhi ngezinga angenza ngalo njengoba ukwenza amakhophi izinto ezinjalo, futhi usinika ohlangothini ewusizo. Amakhadi ithumela abahloli zokuphetha amakhadi amasha. Uhlela parallel amaminerali kwehlwaywe, lokuqoqa amasampula amatshe umuntu, okubangela, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukuchaza kanye ukukhiqiza imidwebo ezifakwa ngokwabo. Natolko ukugeleza ulwazi olubanzi oluhlukahlukene avunyelwe Tatischev ukuqoqa idatha enkulu futhi ezihlukahlukene ngokwesayensi. Umgqugquzeli walo msebenzi wakwazi abhebhezela futhi alondoloze imininingwane abaningi lwesifundo laseSiberia nemivubukulo, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo futhi umlando, ethnography, ngisho yezilimi. Bonke ososayensi kumelwe ngomsebenzi kuhlangene ukucwaninga kwesayensi, ngezinye izikhathi ngisho mikhankaso ngokwesayensi. Wafunda ulimi, ukuphila namasiko abantu bendawo, nemvelo kanye imvelo lokuqoqa lonke iqoqo amaminerali kanye nezitshalo. Wahlola ngokucophelela Kungur emhumeni nentshisakalo imithombo yamanzi amtoti. Uma ucabangela ubuningi bomsebenzi kanye ngekuhlanganiswa nalamakhono yenhlangano ezimbalwa ungakwazi ukuqhathanisa.

Phambili ukucabanga Tatishcheva

Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi abantu abakukhathalelayo esizayo, njalo bacabanga kahle futhi kahle. Abantu abanjalo njalo ukhathazekile ayisekho inkinga ukondliwa, futhi kubalulekile, futhi nezindaba global. Vasily Tatishchev, labavulekela amathuba ukuze ukuqonda yeSiberia, wathwalwa yizingelosi ezomlando nesayensi, okokuqala Ngicabanga nje ngoba abantwana ikusasa labo. Ingabe ukuhlakanipha okukhulu ukuqonda ukuthi, ukuthuthukisa isayensi, izimboni, amapulazi akhiqiza ukwakhiwa, ezempi, kudingeka ochwepheshe ukuhumusha konke futhi silondoloze? Futhi ukugxilisa izinga oyifunayo futhi baphakamise abantu abamaziyo ibhizinisi labo, kubalulekile kusukela ebuntwaneni. Eminyakeni yokuqala nohulumeni wakhe esifundeni esise-Ural Tatishchev kuvula esikoleni ukufundisa geometry nezimayini. Izikole ngokuvamile etholakalayo, kodwa kudingeka kokuqiniswa onolwazi. Ekugcwalisekeni kwalesi komsebenzi iye enikezwa Zemsky iphoyisa. Ukuze labo ibhalwe ngamunye endaweni zokuhlala yesikole, lapho abefundisi ungakwazi ukuqeqesha abalimi okungenani eziyishumi ukufunda nokubhala. Kamuva e eYekaterinburg izimayini kanye esikoleni Metallurgical wavulwa, it ikuvumela ukuba sihlanganise ukuqeqeshwa theory ne ngokoqobo kolwazi kule mboni. Kwaba eseyintsha ngisho Europe. Kodwa lokhu yemakhono indlela zokufundisa aliwabiwe ngokugcwele Tatischev uPitrosi I.

Ubuhlobo Tatishcheva noPetru mina

Vasily Nikitich kwaba ngokomzwelo kakhulu futhi umuntu ongavamile. Wacabanga ujule futhi kabanzi. Ukuze imicabango yokuqala umngane wakhe walalela autocrat, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi ukwahlulelwa usosayensi waya ngalé kwemingcele ye kuvumelekile. Ekugwedleni, babengakwazi, futhi inceku yenkosi akazange esabe, aze angene kanjani impikiswano ethile umbusi. Ukwazi uhlamvu kaPetru mina, akunakwenzeka wayengonjani. Ngakho Vasily Tatishchev waphikelela, isibonelo, ngalokho kuyinto ebaluleke kwezemfundo kufanele kube ukuvulwa elula izikole. Phela, kumane nje kudingeka ukulungiswa abafundi lokuqala esigabeni sokuqala, ukuze ukwazi ukuthuthukisa izidingongqangi zabantu isayensi kakade sokuqeqesha. Ngoba kungenjalo nje ngeke umuntu ukufundisa, lapho ngaleso isimemo senkosi izofika osolwazi baseJalimane Sweden. Khona-ke isayensi kuyofika eRussia bahlanganyele ngokwayo, kodwa isitimela nje akekho. Ngeshwa, Petro mina ukuba iseluleko Tatishcheva anilalelanga, futhi isimo esikhathini esizayo it is kahle. Biography Vasiliya Tatischeva, ngaphezu kwakho konke, egcwele nezinye izinto, ngisho senzondo. Bebesendle enkantolo engamtholi abaningana. Bona ngempumelelo ukuhlebele inkosi lokungaziphathi kahle ezikude Ural isikhulu esivelele, njengoba umsunguli zonke futhi ayikwazanga usola. I-Latitude wacabanga kakhulu yinzondo nobugovu, ukukhohliseka ubuqotho njalo bethukile nabaphikisi. Yebo futhi ukuthi kwenzeka kanjani ukuthi ngeke wesabe enjalo fantasies obabazekayo, ngakho ngisho ne thonya kumbusi? Lokhu kuchaza ukuthi ukumangalelwa kwakhe njalo, kushushiswa kanye icala. Futhi ngenkathi yonke le yaphela Tatishcheva izaba, kodwa ukuphila nalapho ngangisebenzela ukuzikhokhela, njalo kukuphazamise oluvela kuNgqongqoshe futhi babamuka isikhathi. Kodwa noma yini kwaba, futhi uPetru mina namanje besekela futhi bekhuthaza Tatishcheva icala.

Tatishchev eYurophu

Ukufa uPetru ngithole Vasily Tatishchev eSweden, lapho esiphezulu ezokhipha imiyalo yenkosi. Kodwa ngemuva kokushintshwa amandla, iqhawe lethu wasala ngokuphelele ngaphandle ukwesekwa futhi ayikho imali nasezinganeni lalinjalo ukuthi ukubuyela ekhaya. Kodwa Vasily Tatishchev ikakhulukazi ngoba akuzange kuliphazamise. Yena obznakomilsya elite yesayensi yaseSweden, sisuswe futhi isilungisiwe zonke izihloko mayelana Russia kwisichazamazwi Gibner "Lexicon ...". umsebenzi Scientific asiyinciphisanga sona umzuzu. mlando Russian wabhala ngesiLatini wathi futhi ishicilelwe eSweden isihloko phezu Kutholwe Kungur emhumeni amathambo mammoth. Wayelethwa lihlotshaniswa izifundiswa, mina wayenesithakazelo ngokukhethekile emnothweni isiSwidi. UJehova unesithakazelo yayiwusizo, ukuze baqhubeke bakwazi ukusebenzisa lolu lwazi eRussia. Kuyinto ngenxa Tatischev imbongi Swedish UZandile Brenner wabhala inkondlo ngoPeter I Tatishchev ihlanganiswe incazelo emfushane izindaba ezinkulu zenkosi.

Umhlalaphansi futhi kweminyaka

Emuva ekhaya, Vasily Tatishchev ayikwazanga attain isikhundla yayo yangaphambili kanye nethonya. UMbusikazi alithathe sonke isikhathi kusuka endaweni eyodwa kuya kwenye, isikhathi ngasinye ukuthutha kude enhlokodolobha. Kodwa endaweni omusha ngamunye Tatischev yingcweti ngempumelelo ngisho waqala lokuqala kabusha sphere zithithibele kuye. Ngokwesibonelo, e-ofisini eMoscow lwemali, wasikisela izinguquko ohlelweni bese Russian yemali. Kamuva, wamangalelwa aphonswe yokukhokha ezingqubuzana izizwe Kazakh, Kalmyks, ngisho ithunyelwa Bashkir ukuhlubuka. Futhi zonke okulahla uqhubeke undize uye dolobha, futhi ngesikhathi ekufuna iSigele e 1745, iNdlovukazi isikhipha umyalo ukukhulula Tatishcheva esuka ehhovisi, kanye abeke ukuvinjelwa ukuza Petersburg ukushiya nemizana yayo. Ngakho Tatishchev, kakade buthaka isifo, uwela eboshelwe endlini, bafike bazinza ifa lakhe eduze eMoscow. Kodwa wayeyisazi yangempela akakaze sokwehlisa ungalilahli ithemba. Boldin uba njengamazwi igatsha Academy of Sciences. Kuze kube muva nje, wahlala asebenzayo futhi angalungiseki Tatischev Vasiliy Nikitich. imisebenzi Major nokufeza lesi sikhathi sezihlonziwe kule ncwadi ka "Umlando Russia" sokuloba sakhe, kanye belungiselela ukushicilelwa ngamazwana Tatishcheva incwadi "Ikhodi Yomthetho-internet Ivana Groznogo."

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Academy bafaka usosayensi inothi ukusitheka kwelanga nokwenyanga, isiphakamiso sokuba ukushicilelwa zamagama ne izibalo futhi amazwi, kanye namazwana kulokhu yokulungiswa yokubhala isiRashiya. It uchubeka nekukhombisa kanye nekukhicita isazi ukubekezelelana enkolweni, ngokuvamile kwabathukuthelisa imibuthano eliphakeme kwamandla. Futhi sazi ihlaziya tiphakamiso ngcono umthetho isiRashiya, ngokuyisisekelo nayinkolelo yokuthi abantu ukunakekelwa eyinqaba kakhulu ngawo kuphela, ngaphandle ucabanga ezinye. Futhi wonke, okuhle futhi ungakhathazeki mayelana nabantu abavamile lajwayeleka. Futhi ukuze iNguquko komnotho okuye kwenziwa iziphakamiso namaphrojekthi.

Naphezu vicissitudes wokuphila, Vasily Tatishchev neze Sahlukana nombono omuhle futhi umsebenzi. Ngaphandle kokuthola bangibuyisele ngokuthile, akhokhe ngokuphindwe kabili kwalokhu njengoba ngisho edingekayo. Ungalokothi kuyakhathaza, hhayi ukukhononda lutho. Kodwa umsebenzi kanye nezinkinga zomshado ochithekile njengoba kwakungesona, nabangane abambalwa kakhulu futhi izitha - Dime kunabantu. Njenganoma iyiphi enye ubuhlakani Tatischev uvelile ngaphambi kwesikhathi sakhe. Kodwa akazange ngekutimisela walinda, futhi babe abangobhongoza nenceku oshisekayo konke akazange kwathathwa abantu bangesikhathi sakhe, kodwa ngenxa yalokho usuyafezeka. Nakuba Tatischev izithelo zemisebenzi yabo, futhi wangabona, kodwa ngaphandle kwalo, ezifinyelelwe asengene Russia ngisho nangemva ukubambezeleka eside. Manje kungaba ngaphezulu abantu abanjalo futhi kungaba izinti ezincane amasondo.