Analyser ukunambitheka: lokuphatselene nesakhiwo nemsebenti

Ulwazi ivela ezweni sangaphandle ziqondakala yethu izinzwa. Ngenxa yomsebenzi wabo abakhethayo zomzimba womuntu uyakwazi ngokwanele ukuphendula zonke izinguquko imvelo. Umphumela wazo ukusebenza izinzwa, okungukuthi ukuzwa, emehlweni, iphunga, ukunambitheka, ukuzwa ethintekayo kanye vestibular emizweni kuyinto ukuvela futhi aqaphele ezishukumisa.

Isikhova i-great Russian physiologist I. P. Pavlov wathola ukuthi ukwakheka emizweni ukuthatha ingxenye maphakathi ubuchopho cortical lapho izinzwa centripetal isasasa livela receptor emsipheni. Systems ehlanganisa izingxenye we- cortex cerebral futhi izindlela - izinzwa receptor, wabiza analyzer noma inzwa izinhlelo. analyzer Gustatory, isakhiwo kanye nemisebenzi zazo kuchaziwe yokwakheka kanye netimphawu morphological, zizohlolwa lesi sihloko.

Lo mshini okuvela ukunambitheka

Cishe zonke izinto thina ukusetshenziswa yizinyosi njengokudla, ukunambitheka. I zomzimba 4 ukunambitheka eziyisisekelo: amnandi, bezibona ebabayo, okumuncu ne anosawoti kwamangqamuzana analyzer okuyinto wenza isithokela. Nambithani zingachazwa njengoba bezibona molecule chemical kufakwe ama-receptor ukudla ise umlomo futhi olimini. Ukuze uqonde ukuthi yini umsebenzi we analyzer ukunambitheka, siphendukela Ukufunda ngokwakheka kwezakhi zawo. Ngakho, cabanga ifana kule ndawo ilungu elithile lomzimba wethu.

Iminyango ukunambitha analyzer

Emzimbeni wethu, kukhona indlela ekhethekile, okuyinto banesibopho ukuzwa, emehlweni, iphunga, nezinzwa ethintekayo. analyzer Gustatory, isakhiwo kanye nemisebenzi lapho sitadisha inezingxenye ezintathu. Eyokuqala libizwa neuropathy, noma yokwamukela. Washeshe Uyabubona ezishukumisa imvelo ezibangela le eziyimpumelelo ezinzwa imisinga ababuthakathaka, waliguqula sibe amaza bioelectric.

Basuke idluliselwa Ukuhlukaniswa analyzer zokunambitha yesibili - Conductor. Yena imelelwa emsipheni afferent. Ngu ukuyaluza ke engena cortical ingxenye isithokela analyzer, okuyinto ezifundeni ezithile ubuchopho, futhi lapho kukhona kumiswa ukunambitheka.

Izici Ezihilelekile Kule neuropathy

Isithokela analyzer, njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, it siqukethe izingxenye ezintathu. Cabanga kabanzi yokwamukela noma neuropathy ahlukaniswe. It sithunyelwa chemoreceptors ezishukumisa abathola ngesimo ezahlukene chemical compounds, futhi ibona kubo ngamandla, izinga (modality) futhi ufake umfutho owengeziwe. Chemoreceptors ayingxenye ukunambitheka efihlekile, ama noma umlomo ichashaza nolimi. I eziyimpumelelo ezinzwa ukuthi ebucayi ukunambitheka okunosawoti, esisogwini ichopho ulimi futhi emaphethelweni kukhona, kuya okumunyu - empandeni olimi, kuya sweet - enhlonhlweni, ukuze omuncu - ku emaphethelweni.

I kakhulu ukunambitheka ihlumela ingahambi ngqo ebusweni ulwelwesi lwamafinyila kolimi, futhi ixhunyiwe naso ngokusebenzisa ukunambitheka Pore. chemoreceptor ngalinye linama kusukela villi 40 kuya 50. I izinto kufakwe contact ukudla ababacasulayo, lapho e ingxenye neuropathy ka gustatory uhlelo ukushukuma inqubo kwenzeka, ekuzigingqeni ukuqhanyelwa. Njengoba bekhula, abantu zokunambitha ukuzwela embundwini luyanda, okusho ikhono ukuqaphela flavour ahlukahlukene fade.

Ezilwaneni, nozwela analyzer ukunambitheka ngeminyaka neze sishintsha, ngaphezu kwalokho, ubudlelwano phakathi ukunambitheka kanye izinhlelo olfactory baye bazwakalisa okuningi. Ngokwesibonelo, e amakati ezokunambitha (Jacobson amashubhu) kukhona kanyekanye futhi olfactory kwalapho, okuyinto enomthelela zikanokusho ukubandlulula izinga ukudla.

Kanjani ingxenye wiring

Ukuqhubeka ukuhlola izindawo ukunambitheka analyzer, cabangela indlela amaza ezinzwa kusukela chemoreceptors ngifinyelele ingqondo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kukhona ingxenye wiring. It imelelwa fibre indlela eyodwa. Kuhlanganisa nezinzwa ezimbalwa: ebusweni, glossopharyngeal, vagus, futhi lingual. Kuyinto ngaye amaza ezinzwa ufika empandni ubuchopho - e le oblongata medulla futhi ibhuloho, futhi kubo - kuya thalamus optic (thalamus) futhi, ekugcineni, esikhathini Lobe yesikhashana we- cortex cerebral.

Ukulimala umqhubi ingxenye isithokela analyzer, isib, ngenxa ebusweni ezinzwa paresis okubangela ukulahleka olungaphelele ukunambitheka ukuzwela. Ngo ukungenelela kuhlinzwa, isib, imisebenzi phezu ebusweni skull kwesigaba incipha conduction Izinzwa amaza kanye nezinzwa ipheshana wodwa kanjani, ikakhulukazi ebusweni nangokuzwa vagus, nakho kuholela ukwehla ukunambitheka ukuzwela.

umnyango Cortical uhlelo gustatory

Cortical yinoma yimuphi analyzers ekhona ngempela emelelwa ingxenye ohambelana isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko, elise cortex cerebral. It kwenziwe imisebenzi esemqoka ye analyzer ukunambitheka - ukuqonda futhi umehluko ukunambitheka. Ingqondo of izinzwa notshwala centripetal ku namanoni aphezu yesikhashana we- cortex cerebral, lapho kuphakanyiswa yokugcina kwenzeka ukunambitheka okunosawoti, waba nenhliziyo ebuhlungu, sweet and omuncu ukudla.

Ubudlelwano isakhiwo nomsebenzi analyzer ukunambitheka

Zonke izigaba ezintathu ohlelweni gustatory atehlukaniseki. Ukulimala noma iyiphi yalezi izingxenye (yokwamukela, sezintambo noma kukakhokho) noma ukuxhumana kwabo komunye nomunye kuholela ekulahlekelweni nekhono lokuqonda ukunambitheka kanye nokubandlululwa. Yokwakheka isakhiwo isithokela analyzer inquma ngokucacile of emizweni ukunambitheka ukuthi zenzeka ngenxa ukukhuthazwa chemoreceptors ukunambitheka efihlekile.

Iphango. yena ukuba kanjani kusuka?

ekwaneliseni izidingo ezingokomzwelo bokuphila e ukudla kanye imizwa omuhle ukuthi kuphakama ngaphambi ukusetshenziswa kwalo ngokuhamba ukudla, ngokuthi isifiso sokudla. Ngezinye lasungulwa ngaphezu isitho ezibukwayo abathintekayo futhi ukunambitheka uhlelo olfactory.

Uhlobo iphunga lokudla kanye Yiqiniso, ukunambitheka kwalo kuthiwa moya ezintweni, abangela eziyimpumelelo ezinzwa okuzwa ukudla excitation inqubo. Ungena isikhungo wokugaya ukudla ise oblongata medulla, futhi kwakusekhona nokuhle isakhiwo limbic system kanye thalamus.

mouthfeel ukuqashelwa injini

Njengoba kuvela lososayensi lathi physiologists excitation ekudleni, olfactory nokushukunyiswa ezibukwayo (ukunambitheka, ukubukeka kanye nephunga ukudla) e ulimi chemoreceptors. Ukuhlonishwa izinhlobo ezahlukene ukunambitheka (okumunyu, ezinoshukela, okumuncu, okunosawoti) kanye shades zenziwa nge umsebenzi kohlaziyo and zokwenziwa zobuchopho zezitho ephakeme - cortex cerebral. Wakhe Lobe yesikhashana futhi maphakathi ukunambitheka.

pathologies abahlukahlukene futhi ukulimala, okuyinto asitholayo analyzer isithokela asihole ageusia - ukulahlekelwa esinqunyiwe noma ephelele ukunambitheka emizweni. Iphinde kungavuka umuntu enempilo ngenxa nezifo zokuphefumula viral (rhinitis, sinusitis) lapho ukuvuvukala siyenzeka mucosa nasopharyngeal. Komzimba (ukushisa e izinqubo ukuvuvukala emzimbeni) futhi kunciphisa nozwela chemoreceptors.

Thinta ukuhlaziywa ukudla

Nakuba isakhiwo se-analyzer ukunambitheka abantu bonke ngokulinganayo, abanye bethu, ngenxa, okokuqala kunakho konke, izici zofuzo, it has a embundwini eliphansi. Ngenxa yalokho, kukhona ikhono kakhudlwana nekubandlulula ngaphezulu imibala ukudla flavour. I analyzer zokunambitha olfactory abantu abanjalo ngokuthi tasters ungakwazi ukuhlukanisa ukunambitheka kanye useyanuka, isibonelo, izinhlobo ezingu-200 450 yetiye. Iningi lethu zisebenzisa ukunambitheka Uhlelo oluphathelene nemizwa ngokuyinhloko ukuhlaziywa palatability ukudla, kanjalo wanelise isidingo sazo sokudla fresh futhi izinga ezidingekile ukusebenza evamile pheshana emathunjini.

Chemoreceptors ukunambitha ukuzwela zingahluka. Ngakho-ke, kwandisa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa (izimpawu toxicosis), ngesikhathi lactation, ukucindezeleka. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile ukunambitheka zingaqiniswa, isibonelo, ukudla ukufudumala kuya 30-40 ° C. Le nqubo isetshenziswa inqubo kulinganiswa ukunambitheka kokudla kanye iziphuzo. Ngokwesibonelo, iwayini kanye ubhiya phambi yokunambitha ngempela eshubile.

Lesi sihloko sibuyekezwe isakhiwo nomsebenzi analyzer ukunambitheka. Kwathiwa uphenyo indima yalo kuleli ukuqonda futhi kwamangqamuzana we ezishukumisa imvelo.