Atlas Izintaba - ahlukene elinezintaba

Okuningi insimu ka-Afrika esisogwini Afrika lithospheric ipuleti. Kuyinto yesikhulumi endala esikhathini esidlule waba ingxenye zwekazi elikhulu of Gondwana. Esikhathini esiyiminyaka Triassic bedle amabutho angaphandle Zomhlaba entabeni ephakeme amabanga eyayikhona kuleli zwekazi ubudala, ziwile. Emaphutheni uqweqwe, ukwakheka Horst, ukuzamazama komhlaba, ukuqhuma kwezintaba-mlilo zaholela ekwakhekeni emathafeni inamagquma, Amathafa aphakeme, lemiganu elikhulu futhi amanani aphakeme amasha. Afrika - kuphela nezwekazi lapho kwakumiswa amabanga entsha entabeni hhayi izingxenye kwezakhiwo eligoqiwe. Intaba ephakeme kunazo e-Afrika welula ezinkangala aseMpumalanga Afrika. Intaba ububanzi zoKhahlamba kwakheka ingxenye esempumalanga yalesi nezwekazi eliseningizimu. ENingizimu yezwekazi lase is izungezwe ithafa yezintaba Cape kanye ntshonalanga owelula Atlas Mountains. lamagquma wabo enyakatho ezibekwe ngqo kuhlangana khona izingqimba ezimbili lithospheric.

Atlas ezintabeni, noma Atlas yakha ntshonalanga protrusion yezwekazi lase-Afrika, okuyinto uyashiywa Southern Europe Gibraltar strait kuphela. North-west coast zaleli zwekazi kuya entshonalanga ngo-Atlantic Ocean empumalanga nasenyakatho - lubhekisele oLwandle iMedithera. Eningizimu, akukho emngceleni ecacile ne Sahara, it is eyenziwe unyawo aseningizimu izintaba lwe-Atlas, lapho nhlonhlo ehlane namathafa.

Atlas iyona Ukwanda okuphawulekayo kokuthandwa kakhulu ntshonalanga ye-Afrika. Intaba ibanga ukusuka ogwini Atlantic ngokusebenzisa Morocco, Algeria kuze kufinyelele emikhawulweni ka-Tunisia. It siqukethe le High Atlas izintaba, Tel-Atlas, Atlas Saharan, Ephakathi Atlas, Anti-Atlas, Amathafa maphakathi nezwe namathafa. Iphuzu esiphezulu eNyakatho ye-Afrika High Atlas iyintaba Toubkal, ifinyelela ukuphakama 4167 m. Kuphinde futhi iyintaba ephakeme kunazo zonke izilwane zaseNyakatho Afrika. Atlas kule ngxenye zokhahlamba kuyafana zase-Alps futhi eCaucasus. Ngokuphambene, Atlas Ephakathi kuyinto phezulu ithafa-like nge ukuncishiselwa ngu nezigodi ezijulile. Enyakatho-mpumalanga kuliragelo High Atlas Saharan Atlas. Eningizimu ye-High Atlas, Anti-Atlas entabeni ububanzi - ephakanyiswe Cenozoic ukunyakaza emaphethelweni amapuleti lasendulo.

Umsuka Atlas ezintabeni exhunywe kwi amaphutha ezijulile ukwakha lineaments (izakhi impumuzo lwento). Ngamagama Geological Atlas Izintaba kuyamangalisa lokuthi sizondla endaweni Lolu lwandle olubanzi komhlaba Artesian elisemcengezini, okuyinto ngaphansi kunabo bonke emhlabeni ogwadule eSahara.

Ngasogwini Mediterranean, kulandela wabuka ogwini, ezinde entabeni abasha eligoqiwe ububanzi Rif Atlas, Atlas Ucingo-kuze kube 2500 m. Ziyakwazi ukuqhutshekiselwa oqondile yezintaba Sicily naseningizimu yeSpain. iziqongo entabeni Abaningi, kuhlanganise Toubkal,-mlilo yokuqothulwa.

Abathandwayo, kodwa bendawo Atlas akulona igama elilodwa zokhahlamba, kukhona amagama kuphela Amathafa ngabanye emikhulu. Ngokwabo igama "Izintaba Atlas", "Atlas" bendawo azisebenzi. Ezithathwe eYurophu nase has kwaqala izinganekwane lasendulo, okuyinto ayehlatshelelwa ngokuthi "intaba Atlanta", a basezinganekwaneni titan Atlas, noma Atlas, Perseus siguqulelwa entabeni Afrika ngenxa yokwenqaba izihambi.

Ukuba khona kwe-Atlas ezintabeni lokuqala baba uyazi abaseFenike travel. Incazelo enemininingwane kohlelo izimayini kuqukethwe imisebenzi Maksima Tirskogo. Kodwa ezinwetshiwe inkolelo yokungafi zokhahlamba nge evelele umcwaningi German uRolf Gerhard Afrika. Wayelethwa wazifihla njengendlela Muslim ewela i-High Atlas, wathi ibalazwe izintaba, futhi bahlole okwakubhalwe ezivundile ngobukhulu kusuka Algeria waphonseka Sahara.

Atlas Izintaba, etholakala eduze Marrakech, kucatshangwa ukuthi endala. ubudala babo kunqunywa Cretaceous nezikhathi Jurassic.

Izici landscape wanamuhla Atlas Izintaba zincike sezulu ngokucijile yezwekazi futhi esikhundleni eyomile. Olubanzi weathering izinqubo okuyoholela ekubhujisweni lezintaba namathafa ekuqongeleleni yabo esinqeni semali doti, phakathi okuyizinto lamagquma eliphakeme nge iphakama ngokwanele emaweni futhi abukhali. It ehlukanisa impumuzo futhi ukucekwa kwabantu eqinile erosive. Intaba amabanga usike udabule emihosheni ejulile, ebusweni yangaphakathi yasethafeni sawela uhlelo iziteshi - ifa yizinto zesikhathi esidlule.

Ukuze Atlas ezintabeni ejwayelekile sezulu saseMediterranean. Nokho, kuyinto ezingalindelekile futhi kuncike ukuphakama zazinzima kakhulu. Ngakho, endaweni High Atlas izici ejwayelekile entabeni sezulu cool, ehlobo libalele futhi ubusika bakhona bushubisa umnkantsha kakhulu. Amazinga isilinganiso in sifinyelela ehlobo + 25⁰S lokushisa ubusika sehliselwe ngezinye izikhathi -20⁰S. Eduze Atlas Izintaba libhekene imvula enkulu ebusika. Kule ndawo kukhona ngokuvamile nezikhukhula.

Phakathi nenkathi ehlobo ebusweni yangaphakathi ezigodini nasezintabeni ithafa ukufudumala kakhulu, izinga lokushisa lingase ukufinyelela + 50⁰S. Ebusuku, kunalokho, ngempela abandayo yesithwathwa njalo.

Ikhava isitshalo Atlas eshintsha uma usuka ezindaweni kwangaphakathi ugu. emithambekeni ephansi embozwe lezixuku wamasundu yemifino, Bushland siluhlaza namahlathi se-oki. Ukubonakala emagqumeni aphakeme embozwe emahlathini yew nase-Atlas yemisedari. Inland izigodi, Amathafa nge nosawoti nenhlabathi okuncane kukhona lulwimi ezingwadule futhi emaqeleni ezomile.

Phezulu ezintabeni kukhona Ezimfundeni eziphakeme, okuyinto zingafani yohlobo lwazo yokwakheka European izimfunda entabeni. Ngokwabo phezulu yokhalo elingenalo uhlaza, kanye nengxenye enkulu yonyaka embozwe yiqhwa. Ngo yasehlanzeni eningizimu elise ehlane ezindaweni ezivundile ngezikhathi ezithile.

Animal World Atlas imelelwa nezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene izilwane zase-Afrika nase-Southern Europe: intokazi, jerboa, onogwaja, izimpisi, izimpungushe, amakati sasendle civets. On the rocks wathola Barbary Macaque nezinyoka eziningi izibankwa.

Population okuphezulu kanye Ephakathi Atlas ukuphinde ngigxilise ingqondo emihlanganweni unyawo elinamagquma nemihosha, lapho izwe eniselwayo futhi kusetshenzwe ngaphansi emasimini omnqumo, ezisawolintshi kanye nezinye izitshalo. On masimu lentaba emithambekeni amagilebhisi etshalwa. Bendzawo is uyabandakanyeka Izinkomo zizalela, ukutshalwa okusanhlamvu-alpha kanzima - material oluyigugu iluhlaza womshini iphepha esihle.