Ophahleni Solid endlini ngokhonkolo evundile. Ukubalwa kanye ukufakwa setshe Monolithic

Ngenkathi kwakhiwa izindonga kakhonkolo evundile Kufika isikhathi lapho kudingeka anakekele ukwakhiwa iphansi, zingenziwa ka imishayo yokhuni noma enezisekelo zikakhonkolo. Uma iqhathaniswa nezinhloko-izakhiwo ezakhiwe ngezitini, kubalulekile ukuba uhlele ibhande gcizelela, okuzokwenza ukusabalalisa umthwalo phakathi kokufakwa ophahleni ezindongeni Foam-futhi aerocrete.

I-apharathasi zokuphindaphindeka ipuleti Monolithic

ophahleni Solid ekwakheni ukhonkolo evundile kungase kwenziwe usebenzisa kwagcizelela setshe ukhonkolo. Lokhu ubuchwepheshe isetshenziswa namuhla ukwakhiwa wezingcweti yangasese futhi amaqembu professional. Ngakho-ke, lezisekelo etholwe eyizingqabavu futhi ithembekile, kodwa banawo isisindo umxhwele ukuthi kufanele kucatshangelwe ekwakhiweni izindonga ngemabhuloki ekwakha. Ukuze ipuleti kungaba ngokulinganayo basakaza isisindo sabo futhi azange iphule ubuqotho ohlelweni lapho slabs kokufaka kufanele wenze umklamo ezengeziwe libukeka ukhonkolo noma isitini amabhande. Endabeni ipuleti wokuqala oba kuwebhu ngokhonkolo usayizi 150x250 mm. It has a udonga ipherimitha. Tape kwaqinisa ukuqinisa kabani ububanzi 10 mm. Esigabeni esilandelayo, ethela grade ukhonkolo M-200.

Lapho nilungisa ophahleni Monolithic ekwakheni ukhonkolo evundile, izinga lokushisa kufanele igcinwe 2 cm igebe, okumele ibekwe phakathi ipuleti ubuso odongeni ukhonkolo. Ukuze ekuqedeni amabhuloho abandayo yokugcizelela ibhande okwengeziwe vimbela plate, ngaleyo ndlela ingasetshenziswa extruded polystyrene amapuleti. Kungcono ukukhetha leyo 50 mm obukhulu. Indlela yesibili, okubandakanya ukusetshenziswa ibhande isitini, kuhilela bamba ngezitini ezibomvu. It is sibekwa imigqa ezintathu. Lokhu samuntu kuvamile kakhulu lapho ulungiselele idivayisi ibhande.

isitini emapheshana

Kulokhu, asikho isidingo ukuhlomisa formwork, anele ukwakha yezinyoni yokugcizelela of Amahlumela. Nokho, kufanele izitini ngaphambi wabeka aqiniswe futhi udonga amabhlogo nge valve. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kufanele wenze Slots, okuwenza aqondane e izinduku yokugcizelela futhi ukugcwalisa nge usimende nosimende. Umsebenzi Wamatshe kwagcizelela wokwakha igridi, esemgwaqweni kwezinhlu zezihlalo. Okuhlezi emqondweni ukhonkolo setshe Monolithic okufanele uhambe ngayo ngokujulile odongeni 14 cm. Lokhu kuyoba okwanele ukuba ahlinzeke rigidity nokuzinza isakhiwo.

Izici zedivayisi ibhande Monolithic

ophahleni Solid endlini ngokhonkolo evundile kungadinga khona ibhande Monolithic abalwazi kahle ulimi. Le ngxenye kuphoqelekile izakhiwo ngokhonkolo evundile. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukuthi sisebenza indima load sekulinganisa zesitezi, ezindongeni izitezi kanye Inkokhelo kusukela ingaphakathi lezinto, abantu kanye nempahla. ibhande Ukugxilisa eyokwenza bikho ngokhonkolo evundile, okuyinto sivezwe kula ikhono ukusebenza ejikeni.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ukhonkolo evundile uyakwazi ibhekane kokucindezelwa, akukho amabhande yokugcizelela kuzokwenza umthwalo engalingani ezindongeni umthwalo esindayo. Ngenxa yalokho, bangase zibukeka aqhephukile, okuholela ezinye amayunithi angase aqhume ngisho. Ukuze strapping amadivayisi noma yokugcizelela iluphu kufanele asebenzise izinhlobo asindayo ukhonkolo nokuqiniswa, lona wamuva we okuhambelana isigaba A III.

ophahleni Solid endlini ngokhonkolo evundile kungase kudingeke ibhande yokugcizelela ukuthi ukuxazulula eyodwa yezindlela ekhona. Kungaba kanje: emaphethelweni elingaphandle udinga ukhweze amabhlogo ngokhonkolo, njengoba esinye isixazululo ngezinye izikhathi lisetshenziselwa lime izitini. Ukweqa phakathi onqenqemeni futhi idatha kufanelekile nokufakwa imikhiqizo, kufanele ngempela ukubopha. Kuyadingeka ukuba ukhethe impahla nge anezikhala square, okuhambelana ohlangothini 10 cm. I emakhoneni bangaphandle zangaphakathi kumele fixed kubakaki steel ke ibhande yokugcizelela ukuthulula ukhonkolo.

Ukukhethwa ukugqagqana kuyo indlu yakwa-aerocrete

Iphansi Intermediate endlini ngokhonkolo evundile kungenzeka Monolithic noma amaqembu. Abakwazi lihlele metallic noma ngokhuni imishayo usebenzisa core slabs eziyize of amaselula, esindayo ukhonkolo noma prefabricated isakhiwo Monolithic. Njengoba i lezisekelo ezedlulayo ingaba njengesihluthulelo setshe Monolithic, okuyinto ekhiqizwa esakhiweni. Iphansi Ngokhuni nokhonkolo kunezimo abo kanye nebubi, kodwa uma ucabanga ukuthandwa ukhonkolo evundile, okuyinto ngokuya esetshenziswa ukwakhiwa kwezindlu namuhla, khona-ke ziqokonyiswe e nalezi zidingo ezilandelayo:

• ijubane emsebenzini wokwakha;
• ukufakwa izindleko;
• izindleko impahla;
• isidingo ukusebenzisa imishini ekhethekile.

Ukwakhiwa ukhonkolo evundile, okuyinto amaphrojekthi kungatholakala esihlokweni kuhilela ilungiselelo ezedlulayo, ekukhethweni zazo we esiphezulu umthwalo futhi amandla izici, njengoba umthetho akuyona efanele, ngoba lezi zinhlobo unikeze lezi izinga ukwanele isigaba zokwakha ezingeni. Ngakho, idatha ibalwa ahlelwe uhla 500 kuya ku-800 kg umthwalo 1 m ² endaweni. Floor slabs ekwakheni ukhonkolo evundile kumele esakhiwe ngezinto ezithinta kancane isisindo futhi amandla izici ukuba ahlale enezinga efanele. Kumele babe nokuphila isikhathi eside, izindleko ongaphakeme, ukumelana amathonya zangaphandle Lokudabuka zamakhemikhali noma ezingokwemvelo.

setshe Monolithic ngokhonkolo evundile

Eshibhile Indlu evundile ukhonkolo ukhonkolo evundile kungenziwa kulekelelwa amapuleti idlulela, okuyinto babe izici ezifanayo kanye izakhiwo, kanye izindonga. Lokhu Ukukhetha kusengathiwa kulingane, ikakhulukazi kusukela ezishisayo conductivity izinto okuyinto efakazela okufanayo. Ukuhlala le ndlela, ungakhetha imikhiqizo ukwakhiwa ngomumo Monolithic, okuyinto kwagcizelela evundile enezisekelo zikakhonkolo noma slabs Monolithic. Esimweni sokuqala ngesikhathi sokufaka kumele kube kukhulu esebenzisa kwagcizelela emalungeni ukhonkolo.

Namuhla, emakethe ungahlangana isisekelo sawo esakhiwe ngosimende evundile, okuyinto ukwenziwa amasayizi ngabanye. Nokho, ubude obuphakathi kuyinto 6 m, ububanzi kukhawulwe uhla 1.5 kuya 1.8 m. The ukujiya kuyinto cm 30, umthwalo kulinganiselwa ku 1 m ² 600 kilograms. amapuleti ezinjalo zenziwa indlela autoclave, lapho kwabantu uhambelana D500 mkhawulo. Kaningi amapuleti Monolithic kulekelelwa uxhumano pazogrebnevyh, it ikuvumela ukuba uthole uphawu izakhi ephelele komunye nomunye, kanti ukufakwa wenziwa esikhathini esifishane. Per shift iqembu abantu abane ongenza agqagqene ne amabanga endaweni kusuka 50 kuya 120 m ^2.

Lapho obandayo sikhathi esibucayi kakhulu nokudidiyela isikhathi yokukhiqiza slabs ukuqasha isikhathi kwesikhathi kukaNohemu eveza lokho kwaziswa ukuze isayithi. Uma indlu has izindonga sasakhiwe ngokhonkolo evundile, phansi ingasetshenziswa njengendlela slabs ngomumo Monolithic ukuthi kuqoqwa emabhuloki ezimise T-. Lapho usebenzisa i-engasindi imishayo ukhonkolo, ubude kabani 7 m, futhi ukuphakama 20 cm. Designs isisindo cishe 120 kg, okuvumela ukuba afeze ukufakwa ngaphandle kokusebenzisa imishini yokwakha. A ibanga phakathi imishayo kufanele sifinyelele 68 cm, okuyinto lusekele ugongolo ohlangothini ngalunye, lokhu kuyiqiniso uma ubude block kuyinto cm 60.

Uma ufaka irowu yokuqala kolunye uhlangothi kokuncishiswa iyunithi ngeke bathembele ukwakhiwa ukwesekwa odongeni. Egcekeni kwaphumela phakathi amabhulokhi uyoba uhlobo anemifantu, zisuthe ngokuhle ukhonkolo, kufanele sihambisana B20 ekilasini. Uma zonke amabhlogo eyeqayo endaweni, kufanele tie anezikhala, okuyinto ugcwele 5-cm ungqimba ngokhonkolo. Ukuphulukiswa yayo egcwele kwenzeka ngemva kwamasonto 4, kodwa kancane ukwakhiwa umthwalo can izinsuku kakade emva 7.

Yini Uphahla lwangaphakathi ongakhetha kuzo House aerocrete

Uma uphakamisa umbuzo ukuthi yini ezilungele kangcono ukweqa ka aerocrete ekhaya, kuyazuzisa benaka ugodo. It nguye kunazo ayethanda yokwakha amabhlogo engasindi. ezedlulayo ezinjalo kulula ukhonkolo, zingabantu inqubo ukusebenza baye ingcindezi kancane ezindongeni, ukwakhiwa lokhu kunikeza kulula. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, izindleko ezingodweni sokhuni, kubalula nokudiliva futhi ukufakwa kuyoba esingaphansi izindleko enezisekelo zikakhonkolo. Expensive crane yokuqasha akudingekile, ngoba konke ingenziwa ngaphandle kokuba ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe. Ukusebenzisa wokhuni oluqinile iphansi, kungase kuqashelwe ukuthi ukufakwa silula. Ngenxa yalesi kuyoba ezanele ukwenza ibhande gcizelela, njengoba kunjalo enezisekelo zikakhonkolo. Kuzoba imishayo isifakiwe. Joists ngaphambi kokufaka ezimboziwe Ukwakheka antifungal, bayoba ukudweba ezindongeni. ukufulela zabo ezibonakalayo zihambisana noma omunye umsebenzi ungangenisi amanzi. Kunconywa ukuba enze Gash ekupheleni ingxenye ugongolo, lapho i-engeli kufanele kube 60 °. Parallel ukuze uvumelane ukwahlukanisa. Phakathi odongeni 2 futhi ekugcineni ngakwesobunxele-cm igebe ukuthi iyadingeka ukuze ukunwetshwa ezishisayo. izingodo Ngokhuni ezibekwe odongeni, kufanele lujule ukuze 15 cm.

Usayizi futhi izindleko zikasimende

Evundile zikasimende, ubungako kanye intengo iyunithi ngayinye okuzokwenziwa esibalulwe ngezansi, asetshenziswa ekwakhiweni ezingasho namuhla. Izindleko ucezu ngamunye ruble 130. Luhlelo lolukhulu lwa ngaphezulu kuyoba amabhlogo, ukwakhiwa kungaqedwa ngokushesha. Indaba for the ukwakhiwa odongeni kuzoba uhla ruble 3100 kuya 3600. ngalinye imitha cubic. Ubude esezingeni 600 noma 625 mm, ububanzi kungenzeka elilingana 250, 300, 375, 400 noma 500 mm. Ngokuqondene ukuphakama, kungaba okulingana 200 nezingu-250 mm. Evundile zikasimende (usayizi futhi intengo into ngayinye iyaphendulwa esihlokweni) kungenziwa yakhelwe nezalo ngodonga. Le nto ithengiswe ngentengo ruble 3200. ngalinye imitha cubic. Isifinyezo ukuphakama obuphelele akukashintshi njengoba kwaba njalo endabeni engenhla, kodwa ububanzi kungenzeka elilingana 50, 75, 100, 125 kanye 150 mm.

Ukubala of esiphezulu ukugoba ipuleti

I ukujiya esiphezulu we setshe Monolithic ngokhonkolo evundile ngokuba kuluchoko olubi endlini iye eshiwo ngenhla. umthwalo Kubalwa ngalinye 1 m ² yaziwa, yingakho ungakwazi ukubala ukugoba esiphezulu plate. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kufanele ukwazi ukumelana design ngokhonkolo, ukumelana design ukuqinisa izinduku kanye ekilasini nokufakwa. Umngcele we sokuqala elilingana RB = 7,7 MPA, eyesibili R = 365 MPA, kuyilapho ekilasini esetshenziswa nokufakwa - A400S.

Ibanga kusukela onqenqemeni kuya ipuleti umphini kuyinto 35 mm, esiphezulu ukugoba isikhashana kufanele ibalwe usebenzisa le ndlela elandelayo: M = q * L 2 2/11. M = 695 * 2,52 / 11 = 395 kg / m. Uma ukugqagqana has a anezikhala yokugcizelela aphansi, kufanele ngokwehluleka komfakisicelo ukuhlangabezana nezimiso am ngaphansi okuyinto esingaphansi ar. Ipharamitha yesibili kuyinto normative futhi 0,440. Nakuba am elilingana M / (RB * b * H02), lapha b - ububanzi kweqa, okuyinto 6 m, kodwa h0 - iyona ibanga kusuka umphini maphakathi gravity emaphethelweni plate, okuyinto 0,045 m Ngakho am elilingana 395. / (77000 * 6 * 0,0452) = 0,042. Sazise 0,042 0,440 okukhulu. Uma Nokho, am ezingaphezu kuka ra, okungukuthi, isidingo ukuthuthukisa grade ngokhonkolo futhi sandise kwesigaba ukuqinisa.

Kulokhu osekushiwo, kungashiwo wagomela ukuthi ukubala Lamadwala Monolithic kungaba kwenziwe nguwe ngokwakho.

Kungani usebenzisa ophahleni okuqinile

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi namuhla uye wazakhela izinhlobo eziningana slabs izindonga ngokhonkolo evundile, sipho izinzuzo okuqinile eziningi. Zikhethwe neze esingaphansi lokhuni prefabricated Monolithic. Solid kudivayisi ophahleni kuzuzisa, ngoba ezakhiwe ezifana:

• ukonga;
• okuhlala isikhathi eside;
• lula ukufakwa;
• engangenwa umlilo.

Kuyaphawuleka futhi ukutholakala ebanzi izinto ngenxa yomsebenzi. Into kuphela kufanele sinake - yilokhu ukhonkolo yabo ukulungele-okuxubile asifanele ekwakheni yangasese. Kunconywa ukuze uqiniswe, ngoba ekukhiqizeni, kukhona nezimfuneko ezithile futhi amazinga, isimo-elawulwa. Uma ukhonkolo enze ngokwakho ke ungakwazi akuqinisekisi ukuthi ngeke ukuhlangabezana namazinga kuyoba okunokwethenjelwa futhi iqine.

kudivayisi ophahleni Solid kungenziwa ephelezelwa ezinye ubunzima, okuyinto obonakaliswe yokuthi ukhonkolo kwakuyodingeka ukukhulisa kuya engamamitha eliphakeme. Ngakho-ke, kukhona kudingeka uqashe futha ukhonkolo. Ukuba yinkimbinkimbi obonakaliswe yokuthi yonke indawo kuyodingeka uhlele formwork. Yenziwe material eqinile futhi esezingeni eliphezulu nikwazi ukusikhuthazelela isisindo mix ukhonkolo. Per imitha square kuyodingeka 500 kg, lokhu kuyiqiniso uma ungqimba ukhonkolo 15 cm.

isiphetho

Iphansi Ukhonkolo kuthiwa sokuxazulula usebenzisa formwork izinto, okuyinto kumele babe nesilinganiso esithile ukuphepha, ngoba umthwalo kuzokwanda ukuthelwa futha ukhonkolo. Ochwepheshe ukweluleka ukusebenzisa lolu ibha kwesigaba sikwele uhlangothi 100 mm. Kungenjalo aphume ashone plywood panel, ogama ukujiya amabanga kusuka 18 kuya ku-20 mm. Uma formwork usulungile, uqiniseke ukuthi ovundlile sisebenzisa izinga umoya.