Mikhail Bogdanovich Barclay de Tolly: Biography emfushane, izinsuku ezisemqoka futhi izenzakalo zokuphila kwakhe

Kuze kube manje, kukhona Ziphikisana mayelana nendawo ngqo nesikhathi yokuzalwa Mihaila Barklaya de Tolly. Lokhu kungenxa yokungabi imithombo, ezithinta isikhathi sokuqala ngqá ekuphileni zomholi oluvelele lempi.

umsuka

Ngokusho biography olusemthethweni, okubonakala izincwadi kakhulu futhi izincwadi, Mikhail Bogdanovich wazalwa ngo-December 16, 1761. Kwathi encane Lithuanian Manor Pamushise. Le ndawo ingeyamakhosi Duchy of Courland, owawungumnyaka podvassalnym maqondana Commonwealth. Ngo 1795, le esifundeni Lithuania, kanye izindlu baba yingxenye Russia, ngokuvumelana ukwahlukanisa wesithathu Poland.

Kodwa esikhathini eside ngaphambi kokuba lokho, uyise wathatha ingane ukuba ibe nomkhaya Petersburg. Barclay de Tolly, nobuzwe babantu okuyinto Lingachazwa ngezindlela ezahlukene, babevela Norman-German. okhokho wakubo wathuthela Riga evela eJalimane. Umkhulu uMichael imeya kulo muzi. Uyise ngakhonza umlawuli esizayo yebutho isiRashiya, futhi umhlalaphansi olingana uLieutenant futhi wathola isimo izikhulu. Umndeni igama lalo mfana kwaba ku isitayela German - Michael Andersen.

Ukuqala umsebenzi lakhe lempi

Barclay de Tolly, nobuzwe babantu engasekelwa wamvimbela abahlala inhlokodolobha isiRashiya, wathola imfundo yekhethelo futhi wayazi izilimi eziningana zaseYurophu. Kusukela ebuntwaneni waba nesithakazelo theory ezempi. Lokhu akusona isimanga, ngoba umntwana phansi endlini yomfowabo kayise - uColonel Novotroitsk cuirassier ibutho.

Ngo 1776, i-ibutho wathatha Pskov Carabinier e izinombolo abafundi abasha. Ngo phakathi kwazo kwakukhona Tolly abasha Barclay de. Biography emfushane lithi ekunyusweni umsebenzi nsizwa iye yathuthuka ngokushesha. EFinland Jaeger icala induna ayesanda kuluthola baba wempi jikelele Viktora Amadeya Anhalt-Bernburgskogo. Kwakuyisikhathi isihlobo ezikude Umbusikazi uCatherine II.

Ngo 1787 kwafika impi elandelayo nge-uMbuso WaseTurkey, wakhe ubuhanjelwe Barclay de Tolly. Umlando Omfushane kuye ayifakile ulwazi mayelana nokushaya Ochakov lapho isikhulu got a impi yangempela lukhuni. Ukuze iqhaza kulo M. B. Barklay de Tolly yena yanikezelwa izindondo yayo yokuqala.

Ngo 1789, Major ezimpini eziwumnqamula abanolaka ne abaseTurkey. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inkosi yase-Anhalt-Bernubrgskogo kanye isikhonzi sakhe wayiswa ibutho Finland. Selivele walwa abaseSweden (empini ye 1788-1790.). Ngo nokuhlukunyezwa Victor Amadeus elambulala, kulandele M. B. Barklay de Tolly wathunyelwa enhlokodolobha.

Khona-ke, ngo-1791, isikhulu washada umzala wakhe uHelen. Emndenini wabo nginezingane eziningana, kodwa indodana eyodwa kuphela akafelanga isakhasa (Ernst).

Izikhungo eholwa ngu-Alexander I

Barclay de Tolly, Biography iDemo othi yokuwela eziningi, waqhubeka ekhonza ngokwethembeka ibutho Russian. Eminyakeni 90 Ngekhulu le-18, waba nengxenye nokucindezela kwavukelwa Polish eholwa Kosciuszko. Ekupheleni wokubusa uPawulu mina, waba uMajor General.

Ngalesi sikhathi waqala kaNapoleon Izimpi. I abasha uMbusi u-Alexander I wathatha omunye sokusebenzisana anti-French. Umkhankaso 1805 wathola Mikhail Bogdanovich Army Gen. Leonty Bennigsen. Lokhu kumiswa engakakhuli isikhathi ukophula zezitho eyinhloko Austerlitz Kutuzov. Ngakho-ke, Mikhail Barclay de Tolly Waphindela eRussia, futhi akasiboni ukunqotshwa okubuhlungu wamabutho Allied.

Ukuhluleka awazange ayiphule isifiso Alexander ukunqoba Napoleon. Ngemva kwezinyangana nje unyaka okwaqala ngayo iMpi lweSine Coalition, lapho Prussia ehlaselwa France, kodwa ekugcineni wawela Berlin. Ingxenye Russian enzuzo waya amaJalimane.

Ngo-February 1807, Barclay de Tolly ezimpini Battle of Eylau. Sikanye Bagration wahola ibutho labaqaphi elingemuva yebutho isiRashiya, lapho iconsi umthelela amabutho ka Soult futhi Murat. Mikhail Bogdanovich alimala nomlenze wesokunene, bese aya ukwelashwa Memel.

Lapha e-Ephreli wonyaka ofanayo, ehlangana u-Alexander I, ngaleso sikhathi wayezama ukuthambisa ukunqotshwa nakwezombusazwe Napoleon. Leli phoyisa wokuqala ohlongozwayo yilo mbusi ukusebenzisa umhlaba inqubomgomo elihangukile. Lapho isitha linqunyiwe rears ayo amalungiselelo nezisetshenziswa. Kulokhu, isitha kwadingeka usebenze ensimini ka ingqalasizinda aphanga futhi olungenayo. Kwabe sekuvela ukuthi esikhathini esizayo, kuba naleli qhinga wanika yi eMpini Patriotic ka 1812.

I-Finnish impi

Ngokwe iSivumelwano Tilsit, Russia nase France ihlukaniswe Europe yaba izingxenye ithonya. Lokhu kwenza ukuba u-Alexander ukuthumela ibutho eFinland ukuze ukhethe khona kusuka Sweden. Barclay de Tolly, Biography iDemo ezazihlanganisa imikhankaso eziningi kakade ithunyelwe Kupio. Isidumbu sakhe wathatha umuzi futhi agcinwe ebalulekile naphezu kokuhlaselwa eziningana lesitha.

Ngemva kwalokho, iphoyisa WASSC umzimba wakhe phezu eqhweni ka Strait of quark wathatha ukuzilwela Umea Swedish. Lokhu kwaqinisekiswa ekunqobeni kokugcina yeRussia.

Ngenxa yempumelelo yayo, Barclay de Tolly kwaba uMbusi-Jikelele wokuqala eFinland ngemuva kokuba ungqongqoshe impi. kuyanda yakhe okusheshayo ayengeke akuthande nomona, owabona upstart imbangi kuphela. Ikakhulukazi ukuthi Michael babevela German ukuthi aningenanga umusa wakhe esikhathini esizayo.

Impi ye-1812

Lapho Napoleon ihlasela iRussia ngo-1812, Mikhail Bogdanovich wayala Okokuqala Western Army. Wayefanele ashona, wenze isitha zize kuleli zwe, lapho ngabe buthaka nginqume ezweni lenkaba yawo. Ngo Smolensk, yena Wajoyina ibutho Bagration, naye ngokushesha owaqala ukuya ukugxekana Barclay de Tolly yokuhluleka ukuhola impi.

Ngenxa yalokho, umyalo jikelele yanikwa Mihailu Kutuzovu. The Battle of Borodino isikhulu wahola amabutho kwesokudla-wing. Lapho isiphetho inhlokodolobha, Barclay de Tolly wayephakathi kwalabo abashonelwa uvotele ukushiya eMoscow.

Lapho kwaba nenkinga, lebutho Russian waya esiphikisayo kuhlasela, umlawuli wathola ikhefu, kuhlanganise ngesizathu ukuthi Winter Palace, eziningi ozakwabo ngokungabi nabulungisa wagxeka "German".

eminyakeni yamuva

Ngemva kweMpi Yezwe Barclay de Tolly wathatha ingxenye emikhankasweni angaphandle. Wayekade ezimpini eziningi, kuhlanganise ku "Battle of Nations" eduze Leipzig. Ukuze siphumelele futhi inkonzo yokwethembeka waba Bala futhi Field Marshal.

Ngo 1818, indaba yethu iqhawe acelwe ukuba aphume lamanzi esiphethu German okuphulukisa. Kodwa ngiye kwadingeka isikhathi ukuya umgomo, washonela endleleni eya yaseMpumalanga Prussia, 14 (26) we-May. Field Marshal wangcwatshwa honours egcwele, futhi umlotha walo interred ngesikhathi izindlu umkhaya emazweni aseBaltic. Itshe lesikhumbuzo ngowokuqala Barclay de Tolly uvele kudala njengoba 1823. Ngezithukuthuku umfelokazi waso yamisa Mausoleum, okuyinto laphangwa ngesikhathi seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili.