Hero City eMoscow. Kungani eMoscow - idolobha-iqhawe? Lapho eMoscow waklonyeliswa isihloko Hero-City?

"Inhloko-dolobha ye-Motherland yethu - Hero City eMoscow". La magama abe uhlobo ujabule, futhi nje ujabule tetemibhalo, kancane kancane esikhundleni incazelo ejulile, ekuqaleni etshaliwe kule umqondo. Okuchaza "iqhawe emzini"? Ingabe lokhu ezinegunya iyiphi izinzuzo? Ezihlala izinhlamvu lapha okuqhubekayo? Kodwa kuthiwani nezinye emizini, emizaneni, emizaneni, amadolobha? Kube abangu izinhlamvu ezincane azalwe?

Le mibuzo kanye neminye kwavela njalo phakathi neshumi leminyaka elidlule, futhi manje sekuyisikhathi ukuzama abaphendule, noma kungeke kube lula.

Isihloko Hero nomlando wayo emfushane

Kuphela ekupheleni kweMpi Yezwe II, umqondo "iqhawe idolobha". Moscow, nakuba inhloko-dolobha, wathola lokhu isimo kungaqali ngokushesha hhayi kuqala.

Ngokwaso isihloko Hero zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa wabelwa ezweni lakithi kusukela ngo-1934, futhi lwaqiniswa idiploma kahulumeni. Ngo-1939, kwaba khona uphawu kubonakala uhlobo imihlobiso - izinkanyezi ezisagolide. Ahlonishwe nale umklomelo, kuphela -tonkhe tihlabani takhona, ephawuleka kunazo zonke polar. Lapho ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe, nezigigaba babé into mass, futhi ngaphambili langemuva, futhi ezifundeni ezinabantu lesitha. Wokukhuthazwa izindimbane undlovukayiphikiswa ehlobo futhi ekwindla ka 1941 wayehamba fast ngokwanele, kodwa kwezinye izindawo ke lushelele, kokuhlangana mpi nesibindi emuva ibutho labantu. Lesi simo esiyingqayizivele sibangelwa okokuqala behlolisise uMkhuzi I. V Stalin, futhi kwenzeka ngesikhathi kakhulu ekupheleni kwempi, ngezinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi yokubuyiswa eJalimane, May 1. Labe kwakuzwakala ibinzana "iqhawe idolobha". Moscow akaphathwanga, ngokuthi kwaseStalingrad, eLeningrad, Odessa futhi Sevastopol. izimiso Esemthethweni awazange ishicilelwe, futhi, zonke evaleleke ngomlomo.

Eyokuqala yedolobha namaqhawe

Odessa phambi iyimpi Eqinisweni idolobha emngceleni. Romania kwaba, nje abanye emashumini ambalwa amakhilomitha, ibanga kwakungase kubhekwe ongokomfanekiso, ngisho nangemva ingxenye Moldova yesimanje baba ingxenye yase-USSR. Ngo-October 1941, front line yaqhubeka iba ngcono endaweni, aphethwe cishe phezu emaphethelweni omuzi. Ngesikhathi, izikhulu Wehrmacht kakade kubonakala omabonakude ezibiyele izinkanyezi. Lo muzi balahlwa amabutho aseSoviet ngemiyalo yezikhulu Jikelele Headquarters. A indima enkulu e ukuzivikela Odessa kudlalwa labantu kulo muzi.

Leningrad esasikuyo manje nayo yayibiyelwe kwesikhashana e-Odessa. Kumelwe ukuba lokho iyiswe izakhamuzi, it is zonke wesikole eyaziwa: nokuvinjelwa, indlala ihlasela ngamabhomu, ngokushona kwabantu amakhulu ezinkulungwane zabantu, ukuhlushwa kunzima ukubekezelela isimo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amabhizinisi zezimboni liqhubekile futhi ukukhiqiza izikhali abavikeli kulo muzi omkhulu. Wahlala elinganqobeki, umlenze umhlali akuyona wagibela ezitaladini lakhe elikhazimulayo.

Sevastopol ... Le izwi ukhuluma njalo inhliziyo isiRashiya, yena waba uphawu lokuhlala inkazimulo iRed Army futhi Navy. Isitha ulifake, ngemuva kokuxinwa ukulahlekelwa omkhulu, ngemva kokuvinjezelwa eside, baphazanyiswa ibutho elikhulu kuhlaselwa eMoscow ne eCaucasus.

KwaseStalingrad saba yindawo lapho 22 ukwehlukana amaNazi wahlangana ekupheleni kwabo. Ukuze nje kokuwela umgwaqo, amaJalimane ziyadingeka ukuba bazilethele ukulahlekelwa ezingaphezu kuka ukuthunjwa wonke amazwe aseYurophu.

Le mizi futhi Stalin ayekucabanga ngesikhathi owaqamba igama elithi "iqhawe idolobha". Nokho, eMoscow, futhi abangela isiyaluyalu.

Ezinye izindaba zika-yedolobha namaqhawe

Manje nantathu, kuhlanganise Inqaba Brest. Uma uhlelo yokuqala yale ezinegunya ukhishwa nemizana, ukumelana esitheni ngesikhathi ukuzivikela ngosizo kunobukhulu bendawo ke kamuva lasuka lo mthetho. Ngo-1961 Isinqumo Ephakeme KaHulumeni ye-USSR Supreme Soviet iqhawe-dolobha Kiev kwathiwa, nakuba ngemva kwezinyanga ezimbili Wezokuvikela, empeleni sibekezelele ngaphandle kokulwa. Incazelo lokhu, ekulweni ayehileleke uNobhala Okokuqala N. S. Hruschev, futhi nje kwaba "mnandi ukuyenza." Cishe sezizathu efanayo, babengabokuqala Amaqhawe emzini Novorossiysk futhi Kerch, kukhona kuphela "zonke ziqondiswa" omunye uNobhala Jikelele, kulokhu L. I. uBrezhnev. Yiqiniso, kwakukhona ukulwa, futhi inonya, kodwa futhi laseKharkov zazenzeka, futhi ngezinye Yelnya, futhi Rzhev ... Futhi eKursk? Futhi ngempela, uma sesiqalile kusukela ezingokoqobo emlandweni, kuncane umuzi Brest kuya iVolga akufanele kulesi sihloko. Battle ngokomzwelo yonke indawo, futhi bonke labo babe esabekayo.

Bambalwa abantu bangase bazibuze ukuthi kungani eMoscow - idolobha-iqhawe. Ukuthi nje lula wachaza.

okusho eMoscow

SeMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili wayegcwele kufanekisa. ubuholi French ngemvume yokubuyiswa imoto endala, elase nakanye kudelelwa amaJalimane. Hitler kuqhathaniswa yena ke ukuba Frederick ke Barbarossa, futhi usokhaya phezu bopha ibhande wazala amazwi athi "uNkulunkulu unathi." Ukuze amaNazi, eMoscow naseLeningrad, izimpawu kakhulu, zibé ziningi kangakanani, kokuba sebesazi ukuthi, ayenethemba lokuthi akuqede eSoviet Union neRussia. Kusukela iphuzu samasosha kwezomnotho ekushoyo, ngisho ukuwa yezinto enhloko-dolobha zakhona zazingathi shu ukunqoba impi kaHitler isiqedile. ESoviet Union kwaba titanic base zezimboni esifundeni esise-Ural, futhi kuye, isikhala esikhulu bavunyelwe ukuqhuba imisebenzi futhi ukuze acindezele isitha, amandla sishaye ezigidini amakhilomitha-skwele ezifundeni ezinabantu. Nokho, ukulethwa inhlokodolobha kwakuyosho ukulahlekelwa i uphawu ebalulekile yezwe, ubhidliza isimo salo induku wokugoqa sethemba. Kuyinto kahle Hitler, uStalin, kanye nezigidi zabantu Soviet.

zici ezintathu ezibalulekile

Lezi zici zokuziphatha ngokwengxenye uchaze ukuthi kungani eMoscow - idolobha-iqhawe. Kafushane, ungakwazi ukwengeza ezinye izimo. Endabeni kokuwa dolobha Soviet ngokuvumelana Intelligence e sempi abakwazanga ukungena Japan. Sekuyisikhathi. Kuze ekwindla ka-1941, amabutho aseJalimane isihambile phambili kuphela, kodwa babebonakala bengatholi lutho zingayeka, kuphela uyephuza. Yilokho ezimbili. Izwe lonke kokukhathazeka ubukele idrama yembuleka eMpumalanga, nokuthi uye savela, babethembele isiphetho usizo ezinengqondo ngokumelene USSR. Lokhu ezintathu. Cishe, kwakukhona nezinye izinto, kodwa lezi abhekwa into esemqoka.

Ukunqotshwa kwe-amaJalimane eduze eMoscow

IMoscow yayingenye kwasekuqaleni kumephu womhlaba, lapho Wehrmacht wahlupheka fiasco kwasani. Kwakuyisikhathi ekuchithweni. Ukulahlekelwa yaba yinhlekelele, futhi izisebenzi kanye nobuchwepheshe. Ukuwa zokuziphatha kwakubonakala inhlekelele nakakhulu. Oku-ephrintiwe amathikithi kuya "umbukiso abawinile 'ngokushesha walahlekelwa ukuqondana abo futhi kubonakaliswe emhlabeni njengobufakazi bokuthi khukhumala okuyihlazo. Lokho nje kukodwa kwanele kakade ngoDisemba 1941, wagomela ngokuthi eMoscow - idolobha-iqhawe. Photo emasimini eneqhwa, oluneziqhingi zikagesi ephukile-German izidumbu abahlaseli ephefumulelwe amathemba abezizwe ehlasela futhi kubangelwa ukukungabaza ngempela ngokunemba inqubomgomo Hitler umbimbi. Japan empini futhi ungazange efakiwe.

isimo esemthethweni

Ukwabela isihloko BaseMoscow "iqhawe idolobha" senzeka ngobusuku bangaphambi wokugubha wamashumi amabini Ukunqoba ngo-1965. Kanye dolobha umklomelo ongokomfanekiso wanikwa imizi emihlanu ngaphezulu (kuhlanganise ezine ezishiwo Stalin engamashumi amabili ekuqaleni, futhi Kiev), kanye Brest Fortress, ikampu ubuqhawe abantu baseSoviet wathola ukuthi ngaphambi nje ngaphambili. Abantu abaningi namuhla bangase bakuthole kunzima ukuqonda izizathu sokujabulisa izakhamuzi ukuba zifunde ngalesi senzakalo olujabulisayo lolu. Nokho, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izinto ezibonakalayo isihloko enganikanga, abantu kwakumelwe nokwesasa. Nokho, futhi izindiza we Cosmonauts Soviet okubangelwa imizwa njengoba enobudlova, njengalapho eMoscow waklonyeliswa isihloko Hero City. Yebo, abantu besikhathi sethu, ikakhulukazi abasebasha, kunzima ukuqonda ...

Ngenxa yalokho,

Ngakho wonke efanayo, okuyinto ulunika isikhundla eliphezulu Muscovites abavamile? Mhlawumbe kubo ngokuthi "Amaqhawe" bathembele imaphi amalungelo noma izaphulelo for ukukhokhelwa Umbuso yamanani? Ayikho inzuzo yezinto ezibonakalayo lokhu isimo alinikezi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ziwumthwalo izibopho ezithile. Ukwazi ukuthi inhlokodolobha esikulo, idolobha-hero eMoscow, wadlala indima ebalulekile anjalo esikhathini ukumehlula isitha esibi, kunganakekile, baso abanonya nabanamandla, futhi abazi ukuzibandakanya yayo emlandweni ezivamile, njalo Muscovite, efana Odessa, kusukela Kiev noma Petersburg, manje has a enesizotha baphathe inkumbulo anamandla nomhlatshelo amadlozi ekhazimulayo. Futhi uma ufuna ukuba abe iqhawe.