Lwemali eguqulayo

stop Monetary liyithuluzi ekhethekile zezimali, esetshenziselwa kokubili amabhange kanye zimali yesikhungo kanye nezinkampani zamazwe omhlaba. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi zonke izinhlobo Swaps - exchange angaphandle, nokulingana kanye isithakazelo - abasebenza mayelana efanayo, labo befundisi izici ezithile.

eyohlinzwa Njengomsindo eguqulayo lwemali, kuhilela njalo abahlanganyeli ezimbili emakethe abafisa ukwenza exchange ukuthola lwemali oyifunayo ne benzuzo. Ukuze sicacise leli phuzu okushiwo eguqulayo lwemali, cabanga ngesibonelo esilandelayo yezinto.

Ake inkampani isiNgisi (Inkampani A) ufisa ukungena emakethe US nase-US corporation (B) - ukwandisa isimo sendawo yokuthengisa yayo e-UK. Ngokuvamile ukubolekisa kanye loans ukuthi amabhange akhiphe izinkampani non-ohlala, abe nezinguqulo zenzalo kunalawo anikezwa amafemu endawo. Ngokwesibonelo, inkampani A angakhipha loan aseMelika ngo-10% ngonyaka, futhi Inkampani B - boleko GBP ngaphansi 9%. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amazinga izinkampani zendawo lincane kakhulu - 5% no-4% ngokulandelana. Amankampani A no B zingenziwa phakathi kwesivumelwano letihlomulisa, ngaphansi lapho inhlangano ngayinye izothola credit ngezimali zabo zendawo ebhange lendawo ngezilinganiso kahle bese kuthanda "exchange" imali nge indlela eyaziwa ngokuthi eguqulayo lwemali.

Ake ucabange ukuthi kopondo British kanye dollar exchange phezu Forex emakethe ngesilinganiso 1.60 USD 1.00 GBP, futhi zonke inkampani idinga esilinganayo. Kulokhu, US ngokuqinile B uzothola £ ezingu-100, futhi inkampani A - 160 million dollars. Yiqiniso, kuyodingeka isinxephezelo izinkokhelo isithakazelo umlingani wabo, kodwa eguqulayo ubuchwepheshe kwenza kokubili amafemu ukunciphisa izindleko zabo ukuba abuyisele loans sikhiqize inani eliphindwe kabili.

Ukuze lula Ngokwesibonelo iye wawususa indima izenzo eguqulayo nomthengisi njengenhlangano phakathi kweenqhema kuthengiselana. Ukuhlanganyela nomthengisi ukwandisa kancane izindleko ukubolekisa bobabili abangane bomshado, kodwa nokho izindleko liyobe selilikhulu uma amaqembu ngeke zisebenze ushintshashintsha ubuchwepheshe. Izinga kwezinhloso zenzuzo, okusenza umthengisi izindleko zesikweletu, njengoba umthetho, hhayi likhulu kakhulu futhi ku ezahlukene eziyishumi ngesisekelo amaphuzu.

Kufanele kuqashelwe lolu hlobo imisebenzi njengohlobo lwemali senzalo eguqulayo. Kulokhu, amaqembu bashintshisane isithakazelo izinkokhelo, iqondiswe ukuba abuyisele izimali zakwamanye amazwe imali ebolekiswayo.

Ake siphawule amaphuzu ambalwa ayisihluthulelo ezenza exchange angaphandle ukuthengiselana Swaps abahluke ngaso kwezinye izinhlobo imisebenzi efanayo.

Ngokungafani eguqulayo, ogxile engenayo kanye iphesenti eguqulayo elula, lwemali eguqulayo kuhilela kwesikhashana bese ukushintshana yokugcina bavumelana lemali kusengaphambili wesikweletu izibopho. Ngo Isibonelo sethu, inkampani eyenziwa i exchange of $ 160 million, kuze £ 100 million ekuqaleni ukusebenza, futhi ekupheleni yesivumelwano bayowenza exchange yokugcina - ibuyisela amanani amaqembu ezifanele. Kuleli qophelo, bobabili abalingani engozini, ngoba exchange rate yokuqala dollar kanye ganda (1.60: 1), cishe kakade washintsha.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, iningi Swaps isici nettingovanie. Igama elithi offset kusho tibalo. I-swap kuthengiselana engenayo isiyonke, isibonelo, ukuvuma index kungenziwa umklomelo okungemthetho ukuze zithole imali ngaphansi ukuphepha ezithile. Imali elilodwa eceleni kuthengiselana inetha maqondana nengeniso elinye ilungu ukuba pre-bavumelana ngosuku oluthile, futhi izimisele ukukhokha eyodwa kuphela. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, zenkathi ezihlobene lwemali Swaps, nettingovaniyu kungabi. Bobabili abalingani ukuth lelisu izinkokhelo ezifanele ngaphakathi ngosuku olushiwo.

Ngakho, i-swap lwemali - iyithuluzi ngalo ukufeza izinhloso ezimbili eziyinhloko. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, banciphisa intengo izindleko loans yasebhange currency angaphandle (njengoba ku isibonelo ngenhla), futhi ngakolunye, bangakwazi uthango izingozi ezihlobene okushintshako kumanani wokuguqulwa ku Forex emakethe.