Indlela yokwenza uhlelo nesimo

Ngenkathi kwakhiwa yisiphi isikhungo isitshalo esikhulu ezincane engadini elachitheka, thina sikanye nawe nakanjani kudingeka uhlelo nesimo. Kuyini futhi ngingabubalekela ngiye kuphi ukuthola ukuhlela, isibonelo, endaweni suburban? Futhi ungenza yini ukuba wena?

Isimo uhlelo - a kwendawo uhlelo umdwebo icebo, lapho ukwakhiwa kuhlelwe, eyenziwe ngendlela 1: 1000, 1: 1500 noma 1: 2000. Esikhathini sibalo, kumele zisetshenziswe kuzo zonke izinto ezikhona (isakhiwo, umgwaqo, umzila izintambo futhi amapayipi, imihosha, imifula nemifudlana, wabuka amasayithi eduze). Nge ukwakhiwa into yokwakha kanye ukufakwa usonkontileka isimo uhlelo kuhlanganisa sesibopho ukuthobisa kwesisekelo salo ukukhiqizwa etholakala eduze ezinabantu nezokuxhumana (amanethiwekhi kagesi kanye negesi, izakhiwo namanethiwekhi amanzi nendle). Ngaphezu kwalokho, umdwebo kumele siqukathe izici eziyinhloko engokwemvelo esakhiweni.
Kuyisikhalo amaphrojekthi ukuhlela indawo-based, kodwa uma kungekho iphrojekthi ezivamile - esekelwe idatha amaphrojekthi ngamanye ekwakheni izindawo eziseduze, kanye izinto vo zobunjiniyela.

survey Geodetic izincwadi njengoba imisebenzi eziyinkimbinkimbi zokulawula on ohlola endaweni (ensimini nesilinganiso) kanye edeskini (ukucutshungulwa sithole idatha nasekubulaleni Imiphumela). Ohlola edingekayo ekulungiseleleni hhayi kuphela isimo, kodwa futhi ngesimo sendawo futhi izinhlelo cadastral. Ukuze wenze uhlelo lokusetshenziswa nesimo impumuzo uhlelo geodesic sokudubula is hhayi lwenziwa, waloba kuphela izakhiwo, imigwaqo kanye nezinye izimpawu zomhlaba.

Ayikwazi ukwenza ngaphandle le dokhumenti futhi umnikazi womhlaba noma itulo engadini, wakhulelwa wokuhleleka kwayo, futhi nakakhulu - ukwakhiwa indlu. Umangele indlela ukuhlobisa isakhiwo, isakhiwana, kuqale uhlelo indawo. Uma leli phepha ukuze bangabhekani alikho, phakathi kwabanye, ngokuthenga kwe site, kulula ukwenza ngokwakho. Thatha uyibhala A4 iphepha (landscape ishidi) noma A3 (kabili) - uma ingxenye enkulu. Ukudweba kungcono ukwenza Esikalini kusukela ku 1: 200. Lokhu kusho ukuthi zonke isentimitha ephepheni oluhambisana amamitha amabili phansi. Jwayelekile usayizi esiqintini 10 kuya ku-20 ar ngesilinganiso ibekwe kahle emakhasini albhamu. Lapho encane kakhulu osayizi ingxenye kungathatha esikalini 1: 100 (owodwa isentimitha ephepheni - imitha elilodwa emkhakheni). Ukuze uthole indawo enkulu kudingeka A3 ishidi noma A2.

Isimo uhlelo isayithi kufanele iqukathe yoke imikhandlu efaneleko izinto isithombe - ekhona (kuhlanganise akuphelele) izakhiwo, imingcele ezindaweni ezakhelene, imithombo, imigwaqo, izakhi landscape. Ibanga phakathi kwazo kungenziwa kunqunywa imitha-20 roulette ezinkulu. Ukuze uqale, kungcono ukwenza indaba emfushane ka endaweni ku obuncane iphepha ekulinganiseni amabanga emkhatsini wetintfo ke ukwenza olunembile uhlelo kukalwa khona. Kulula ukusebenzisa igrafu ephepheni.

Isimo uhlelo kuhilela mpo kokuphakama uphawu (khathisimbe they abahlehla kusayithi ekhona), kanye inkomba ikhampasi nomoya rose. In the ukungabikho amaphuzu ikhampasi yekhampasi ukunquma akunzima - ohlangothini lapho kukhona ilanga kusukela emini kuze amahora 14, futhi kuyoba eningizimu. Okuphambene, ngokulandelana - enyakatho. Party Khanyisa njalo isetshenziswa plan ngesimo imicibisholo, nasenyakatho ebheka phezulu. Ulwazi iziqondiso cardinal kanye waleso ngeke ngokukhalipha ukhethe indawo umhlaba tene- noma ukukhanya-onothando izitshalo, ukubeka utshani ngoba bethamele ilanga futhi ukubopha zihlalo endaweni, idivayisi "udonga oluhlaza" ka ukugibela izitshalo ukuvikela ukumelana nomoya abandayo. Hlola endaweni ezungezile, ukukhetha izinhlobo nenzuzo kakhulu landscape futhi ucabangele indlela bahlele ophumayo kusuka endaweni kuya angomakhelwane edlelweni olunothile noma ehlathini wesihlahla. Uma isayithi yakho lizungezwe umakhelwane kuphela ekhaya, emgwaqweni, kulapho-ke kubalulekile ukucabangela uhlobo ukuphakama walling ukunikeza induduzo kanye nobumfihlo futhi ugweme umphumela "isikhwama itshe".

Uma ngabe uthuthukisa iphrojekthi engadini wesayithi ezikhona ne zakhiwo futhi izikhala, kubalulekile ukuba pre-ukuhlonza izinkinga futhi amaphuzu ezibuthakathaka engadini yakho. Kungcono ukuxoxisana nabangani kanye namalungu omndeni, ukucabangela futhi ubhale phansi yonke iziphakamiso mayelana nezinguquko okulindeleke kusakhiwo. Uhlelo lolu kuzomele kudingeka siqiniseke ukubeka ibanga kusuka indawo esemngceleni (izinhlangothi eduze kocingo) kuya ezindongeni zendlu (okungukuthi, "ukubeka indlu ecebeni"), kanye zonke "elingenamikhono kanzima" - amathrekhi umugqa, izisekelo, ecacisa ububanzi. Uma kukhona izikhala ezinkulu (isibonelo, izihlahla ezinkulu), uphawu lwawo ohlelweni ukuze Iwumbono umdwebo lomuthi umqhele. Kuyadingeka ukucacisa izindawo ukubopha futhi Ukukhetha indawo zokutshala (njengoba sazi, izimpande isihlahla ngokuvamile etholakala wabuka projection umqhele wakhe).

yemifino elikhulu zibonisa kangcono afanayo ku amashidi ephepheni elihlukile kabanzi ukulandela uhlelo enemininingwane.