Isazi sezinkanyezi u-- kuyinto ... isazi sezinkanyezi elikhulu emlandweni

Isazi sezinkanyezi u-- ungumuntu unesithakazelo izinqubo cosmic kanye izenzakalo. Kusho ukuthini - ukuba sezinkanyezi? Ubani owaba owokuqala ukubuza umbuzo mayelana izimfihlakalo esibhakabhakeni? On the lokuqala kanye izazi zezinkanyezi omkhulu ukuthola esihlokweni sethu.

Isazi sezinkanyezi u-- kuyinto ...

Abantu baye bamangale ukuthi ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthola ukuthi kunani eliphezulu emafwini, futhi kanjani izinto ukusebenza khona, emkhathini interstellar. Isazi sezinkanyezi u-- ungumuntu kuhloswe ukuba hhayi kuphela ababuza lo mbuzo, kodwa bona ubhalelwa ukuyiphendula. Kuyinto onguchwepheshe astronomy - isayensi yonke, zonke izinqubo kanye nobudlelwane ezenzeka kuwo. Futhi lokhu kuzomele ube nesineke, ngokuqaphela, futhi okubaluleke - ulwazi abalulekile emikhakheni ehlukahlukene yesayensi. Ngakho-ke, oyisazi sezinkanyezi - kuyinto wokuqala nomkhulu kunabo bonke ososayensi.

izazi zezinkanyezi Professional kufanele babe nolwazi e-physics, izibalo, futhi ngezinye izikhathi kwamakhemikhali. Zisebenza izikhungo zocwaningo futhi zokubuka, ukuhlaziya ulwazi mayelana nezinto zasemkhathini, ukunyakaza kwabo kanye nezinye izenzakalo, elisuselwa imibono yabo siqu, idatha satellite, usebenzisa ezihlukahlukene amadivaysi. Lokhu umsebenzi kuhlanganisa lunye ezincane eziningi, isibonelo, usosayensi kwamaplanethi, isazi sezindikimba ezisemkhathini, astrohimik, sendawo yonke.

I izazi zezinkanyezi zokuqala

Ukubuka isibhakabhaka ebusuku, abantu baye baqaphela ukuthi isithombe buyahluka kuye ngezinkathi zonyaka. Khona-ke babona ukuthi izinqubo asemhlabeni zihlobe-, futhi baqala ukuqhekeka imfihlo yabo. I izazi zezinkanyezi zokuqala eyaziwa babe Sumerians nabaseBhabhiloni. Yafunda ukubikezela ukufiphazeka kwenyanga ukukala trajectory amaplanethi, ukuqopha okubonwa ezibhebheni zobumba.

AbaseGibithe bangabantu emuva BC IV leminyaka. e. Saqala ukwehlukana esibhakabhakeni ezinkanyezi, futhi ukuqagela kule izindikimba zasezulwini. Ngo eChina yasendulo, ngenkuthalo waphawula zonke izenzakalo ezimangalisayo ezifana lezinkanyezi ezinomsila, kungaphezu, emkhathini, izinkanyezi ezintsha. Ngokokuqala ngqá a inkanyezi enomsila kuyakhulunywa 631 BC. ENdiya zasendulo, kwakuyinkambiso kancane okuphumelela, nakuba ekhulwini V sezinkanyezi Indian wathola ukuthi amaplanethi singaxoxi axis awo.

Kugcinwa izinkanyezi namaplanethi babehilelekile Inca, Mayan, Celtic Druids, amaGreki asendulo. Kwakamuva wafafaza kwesokudla nemibono engenangqondo ezizathwini. Ngokwesibonelo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izigxobo Zomhlaba kwaba kude iNkanyezi yaseNyakatho, futhi ekuseni nakusihlwa Venus kubhekwa izinkanyezi ezahlukene. Nakuba abanye olunembile ngempela, isibonelo, Aristarh Samossky babekholelwa ukuthi ilanga ngaphezulu kunomhlaba, labo abakholwa egameni heliocentrism. Eratosthenes kulinganiswa selilonke eMhlabeni kanye obliquity we Ecliptic nenkabazwe.

revolution Copernican

Nikolay Kopernik - usosayensi-sezinkanyezi, obhekwa elinye lamaphayona of the Scientific Revolution. Phambi kwakhe, Ephakathi, izazi zezinkanyezi ngokuvamile ulungisa imibono yakhe yamukelwa eBandleni nasemphakathini uhlelo geocentric lukaPtolemy. Nakuba abantu abafana no Nikolay Kuzansky noma Georg Purbach, kodwa ukubeka phambili umbono ocatshangelwayo ehloniphekile izibalo, ama-agumenti yesayensi babe uhlamvu kunalokho abstract.

Encwadini yakhe ethi "On the Revolutions the Sphere waseZulwini", eyanyatheliswa ngo-1543, uCopernicus inikeza imodeli heliocentric. Ngokusho lokhu, ilanga isihlabani emhlabeni lapho Umhlaba ihamba futhi lonke iplanethi. Lo mbono usekelwa eGrisi lasendulo, kodwa kwaba kuphela isiphakamiso.

UCopernicus encwadini yakhe wanikeza agumenti ecacile futhi eziphethweni ezinengqondo. Umbono wakhe baqhubeka ukuthuthukisa eziningi izazi zezinkanyezi enkulu kangako enjengokufa Giordano Bruno, uGalileo Galiley, Kepler, Newton. Akubona bonke imibono yakhe kukahle. Ngakho, uCopernicus babekholelwa ukuthi uzungeza isiyingi amaplanethi, yonke kukhawulwe yesimiso sonozungezilanga, kodwa umsebenzi walo uphendulé wangaphambili ngombono ongokwesayensi emhlabeni.

uGalileo Galilei

Banikela ngendlela ebalulekile isayensi yezinkanyezi ukwenze Galileo Galilei - Italian sezinkanyezi oyisazi sezibalo sefilosofi. Enye yezinto ezinkulu azifeza elidume kunawo wonke kokusungulwa kwesibonakude. Ososayensi baye wadala lens sibuke isibhakabhaka kudivayisi optical wokuqala emhlabeni.

Ngenxa isibonakude, isazi sezinkanyezi, isazi sesayensi yemvelo, sinqume ukuthi ebusweni kwenyanga akuyona bushelelezi, njengoba kwakucatshangwa phambilini. Yathola ukuthi kukhona namachashaza elangeni, amafu ye-Milky Way izinkanyezi eziningi eyethile, futhi kugxile amaplanethi eziningana Jupiter.

UGalileo yena wayenesibindi futhi le-bangi kwemfundiso yokuziphendukela Copernican. Wayeqiniseka ukuthi umhlaba uzungeza ilanga, ebe, hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi kuma-axis awo, yini ebangela namagagasi olwandle. Lokhu kuye kwabangela kweminyaka eminingi yomzabalazo nebandla.

Telescope kutholakala ukuthi engaphelele, futhi bogohulnicheskie imiqondo engafanele. Amacala Ezihlubuki, uGalileo waphoqeleka ukuhoxa amaphuzu akhe. It is udumo ibinzana edumile, kusolakala ukuthi asho kamuva: "Kodwa nokho ihamba"

Iogann Kepler

Usosayensi-sezinkanyezi Iogann Kepler wayekholelwa ukuthi ukufunda izinkanyezi kuyinto impendulo imfumbe uxhumano imfihlo phakathi ama-cosmos futhi indoda. Akhe azani wayevamise sibikezele isimo sezulu kanye isivuno. Wabuye babesekela umbono uCopernicus, ngokusebenzisa okungase ukuthutha nakakhulu impumelelo yezesayensi.

Kepler wakwazi ukuchaza sobala-non-ukufana achaza ukuhamba kwamaplanethi, ngesisekelo ezintathu etholakala imithetho yabo. Wethula nomqondo ezungeza, ukuma okuyinto kuchazwa ngokuthi lesiyingi. Usosayensi futhi etholakala i equation elikuvumela ukuba abale isikhundla izindikimba zasezulwini.

Konke ukubukwa Kepler kwezesayensi yahlanganiswa nge nezimfihlakalo. Njengomhlaba Pythagoreans, kuba umbono wokuba khona ukuvumelana ekhethekile ukunyakaza kwezindikimba zasezulwini futhi wazama ukuthola inani layo zezinombolo. Ekhangwa incazelo imfihlo, ke kulinganiselwe ngempela lokho esikubonayo impumelelo yakhe ngokwesayensi lapho zazinzima olunembile ekugcineni.